The conventional solid-state reaction suffers from low diffusivity, high energy consumption, and uncontrolled morphology. These limitations are competed by the presence of water in solution route reaction. Herein, based on concept of combining above methods, we report a facile solid-state reaction conducted in water vapor at low temperature along with calcium doping for modifying lithium vanadate as anode material for lithium-ion batteries. The optimized material, delivers a superior specific capacity of 543.1, 477.1, and 337.2 mAh g⁻¹ after 200 and 1000 cycles at current densities of 100, 1000 and 4000 mA g⁻¹, respectively, which is attributed to the contribution of pseudocapacitance. In this work, we also use experimental and theoretical calculation to demonstrate that the enhancement of doped lithium vanadate is attributed to particles confinement of droplets in water vapor along with the surface and structure variation of calcium doping effect.

The Ti-modified Li_1.2Mn_0.75Ni_0.25O₂₊δ with core–shell structure has showed better cycling stability than the pristine one.

Porous Si is considered a potential anode material for next-generation Li-ion batteries (LIBs) because of its high specific capacity, low lithiation/delithiation potential, low cost, and environmental friendliness. In this work, we introduce a simplified Mg-thermal-reduction method for the production of mass-scalable coral-like bulk-Si powder with a high surface area (38 m² g⁻¹), broad pore-size distribution (2–200 nm), and 3-dimensionally (3D) interconnected Si structure for application in LIBs. The porous, coral-like Si electrode delivered a high reversible capacity of 2451 mA h g⁻¹, corresponding to ∼70% of the theoretical capacity of Si, at a rate of C/10. After 100 cycles, the porous, coral-like Si electrode maintained a capacity of 1956 mA h g⁻¹, corresponding to 79.8% of the initial reversible capacity. Importantly, a reasonably high reversible capacity of 614 mA h g⁻¹ was achieved even at a high rate of 10C. These outstanding results demonstrate that the 3D-networked, porous, coral-like Si powder, synthesized via a NaCl-assisted Mg-thermal-reduction process on a stainless-steel plate over a period of one minute, can be employed as a promising anode material for the next generation of high-energy LIBs.

An integrated layered-spinel of (1 − x)Li_1.2Mn_0.6Ni_0.2O₂·xLiMn_1.5Ni_0.5O₄ (0.15 < x < 0.3) was synthesized by a hydrothermal reaction followed by firing at different temperatures.