Extracting maximum energy from photovoltaic (PV) systems at varying conditions is crucial. It represents a problem that is being addressed by researchers who are using several techniques to obtain optimal outcomes in real-life scenarios. Among the many techniques, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is one category that is not extensively researched upon. MPPT uses mathematical models to achieve gradient optimisation in the context of PV panels. This study proposes an enhanced maximisation problem based on gradient optimisation techniques to achieve better performance. In the context of MPPT in photovoltaic panels, an equality restriction applies, which is solved by employing the Dual Lagrangian expression. Considering this dual problem and its mathematical form, the Nesterov Accelerated Gradient (NAG) framework is used. Additionally, since it is challenging to ascertain the step size, its approximate value is taken using the Adadelta approach. A basic MPPT framework, along with a DC-to-DC convertor, was simulated to validate the results.

Industrial development has implicitly led to the development of new systems that increase the ability to provide services and products in real time. Autonomous mobile robots are considered some of the most important tools that can help both industry and society. These robots offer a certain autonomy that makes them indispensable in industrial activities. However, some elements of these robots are not yet very well outlined, such as their construction, their lifetime and energy consumption, and the environmental impact of their activity. Within the context of European regulations (here, we focus on the Green Deal and the growth in greenhouse gas emissions), any industrial activity must be analyzed and optimized so that it is efficient and does not significantly impact the environment. The added value of this paper is its examination of the activities carried out by mobile robots and the impact of their electronic components on the environment. The proposed analysis employs, as a central point, an analysis of mobile robots from the point of view of their electronic components and the impact of their activity on the environment in terms of energy consumption, as evaluated by calculating the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs). The way in which the activity of a robot impacts the environment was established throughout the economic flow, as well as by providing possible methods of reducing this impact by optimizing the robot’s activity. The environmental impact of a mobile robot, in regard to its electronic components, will also be analyzed when the period of operation is completed.

Today, hydrogen production plays an important part in the industry due to the increasing use of hydrogen in significant domains, such as chemistry, transportation, or energy. In this paper, we aim to design a numerical control solution based on the thermodynamic analysis of the pyrolysis reactions for hydrogen production and to present novel research developments that highlight industrial applications. Beginning with the evaluation of the technological aspects for the pyrolysis chemical process, the paper studies the thermodynamic evaluation of the system equilibrium for the pyrolysis reactions set, to recommend an appropriate automatic control solution for hydrogen pyrolysis installations. The numerical control architecture is organized on two levels, a control level dedicated to key technological parameters, and a supervisory decision level for optimizing the conversion performances of the pyrolysis process. The data employed for modelling, identification, control, and optimization tasks, were obtained from an experimental platform. The scientific results can be implemented on dedicated equipment, to achieve an optimal exploitation of the industrial pyrolysis process.

The main idea of this approach is to analyze and implement in real time a structure (hardware and software) that ensures the optimal orientation (on two axes) of a group of photovoltaic panels. The safety of exploiting the whole system is a particularly important practical aspect, which is ensured by the hardware and software elements included in the approach. The solution proposed is implemented and tested on a real architecture, analyzing at the end the results obtained.