Purpose: The pandemic has enhanced the global phenomenon of disinformation. This paper aims to study the false news concerning COVID-19, spread through social media in Spain, by using the LatamChequea database for a duration from 01/22/2020, when the first false information has been detected, up to 03/09/2021. Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative analysis has been conducted with regard to the correlation between fake news stories and the pandemic state, the motive to share them, their dissemination in other countries and the effectiveness of fact checking. This study is complemented by a qualitative method: a focus group conducted with representatives of different groups within the society. Findings: Fake news has been primarily disseminated through several social networks at the same time, with two peaks taking place in over a half of the said false stories. The first took place from March to April of 2020 during complete lockdown, and we were informed of prevention measures, the country’s situation and the origin of the virus, whereas the second was related to news revolving around the coming vaccines, which occurred between October and November. The audience tends to neither cross-check the information received nor report fake news to competent authorities, and fact-checking methods fail to stop their spread. Further awareness and digital literacy campaigns are thus required in addition to more involvement from governments and technological platforms. Research limitations/implications: The main limitation of the research is the fact that it was only possible to conduct a focus group of five individuals who do not belong to generation Z due to the restrictions imposed by the pandemic, although a clear contribution to the analysis of the impact of fake news on social networks during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain can be seen from the privileged experiences in each of the fields of work that were identified. In this sense, the results of the study are not generalizable to a larger population. On the other hand, and with a view to future research, it would be advisable to carry out a more specific study of how fake news affects generation Z. Originality/value: This research is original in nature, and the findings of this study are valuable for business practitioners and scholars, brand marketers, social media platform owners, opinion leaders and policymakers.

If the workplace environment is good, the health and well-being of employees will be good too. This research aims to distinguish whether there are differences when it comes to being directed by a man or a woman and whether this affects employees. An ad hoc questionnaire was applied, collecting personal information and including the MLQ-6 S. It was sent by mail and answered by 549 employees of 16 companies in the Basque Country, Spain. A total of 277 (50.5%) men and 272 (49.5%) women participated, among whom there were 63 managers. The methodology shows a double perspective of how employees understand and perceive the differences between male and female business leaders and how managers see themselves exercising this leadership. No significant differences have been perceived. Both men and women believe they make their employees feel good about exercising leadership (M = 42.11%, W = 48.00%) quite often. Employed women consider it more challenging to become leaders and reconcile their work-life. Men do not think so. Communication is the tool that women managers know best how to handle and where men seem to fail more. Working on it could achieve more business success and better health in employees.

The goal of the following text is to analyze the changes in television advertising in the banking and automobile sectors, according to the social context. The hypothesis is that communication is significantly influenced by the situational context, causing differences between the advertising of the two sectors. A multimodal discourse analysis is used, comparing twenty commercials from the banking and automobile sectors in 2019 and 2020, the period during which the lockdown due to COVID-19 took place. Based on a qualitative and quantitative analysis tables were developed with which to analyze general data such as the value proposition or target audience of the advert, or other special data like the text (verb tenses, rhetorical figures”¦), the image and the sound used. The fact that context is decisive in communication is made evident, and since this is different in every sector, the communication strategy is clearly different as well. However, the points that the two sectors have in common are remarkable: these range from talking about brands and products, to speaking for and about people.

The Artistic Program of Social Restoration-(PARES) was conceived as an educationalstrategy supported by the Colombian Ministry of Culture and carried out in the municipality ofPiedecuesta in Santander, Colombia. In this arts-based educational research, we focused on the specificcase of art therapy as a means of social transformation, developing a mixed methodology. In it, a totalof twelve workshops on pinhole camera, ideation and product design were carried out to three groups,one of 14 girls and two of 15 boys between 14 and 18 years old, who were deprived of liberty or inpreventive internment in the Claret Foundation at the time this project was carried out. The programwants to confirm that the promotion of these creative activities developed in the workshops with theseadolescents, improves the development of their emotions and skills, which means more opportunitiesfor social inclusion.

En el artículo se presenta los resultados del análisis de contenido realizado a la sección de deportes del periódico El Espectador. Se estudiaron seis semanas compuestas correspondientes a dos años de publicación del diario. Se encuentra que el fútbol, el tenis y el automovilismo son los deportes más mencionados en este diario, también que en este tipo de noticias se requiere variedad temática y pluralidad de fuentes. El Espectador realiza un periodismo “serio”, con vocación informativa, que se ve reflejado en sus piezas periodísticas. El calificativo de serio se refiere a que en los contenidos deportivos suele primar la información del desempeño atlético y competitivo, y no los aspectos extradeportivos relacionados con la vida personal y financiera de deportistas, exdeportistas, técnicos, dirigentes, entre otros personajes, como suele ser la tendencia en el periodismo deportivo, inclusive de diarios generalistas en algunos países del mundo. En las observaciones a las piezas analizadas, tampoco se encuentra el abuso del lenguaje bélico, errores gramaticales, impropiedades léxicas ni la evaluación minuciosa de aspectos intranscendentes de la actividad agonística (competitiva) que suelen publicarse en otros medios. No obstante, se echa de menos un periodismo deportivo más investigativo, de denuncia que permita indagar a fondo sobre las situaciones “desviadas” del deporte (corrupción, apuestas, dopaje, malos manejos administrativos de federaciones). El trabajo en equipo con otras secciones es fundamental en estos casos.

This article examines the communication and marketing requirements of a prospective business enterprise that specializes in offering online courses focusing on psychology, personal growth and professional development to change patterns of educational production and consumption. The objective of this research is to analyse the necessary brand positioning for this company to improve its visibility, attracting and retaining interested customers. Using a sequential and evidence-based methodology, this study analyses the precise business requirements to establish an optimal and competitive platform for professionals offering wellbeing courses. This involved analysing the characteristics and needs of the target audience—the professionals who would deliver the courses—and the audience who would enrol in the courses. In addition, we assessed the company’s environmental context, its strengths, weaknesses and unique selling points, as well as effective marketing and positioning strategies, and its direct competitors. We identified a growing interest in online training of courses that contribute to wellbeing. Among the target audience, preferences were diverse, with 58.1% leaning towards personal growth, 45.9% interested in meditation and 43.2% in psychology. Social media, particularly YouTube (52.7%), served as the main source of information for these courses. Criticisms focused mainly on issues such as poor visual and audio quality (20%), inadequate structuring of content (30%) and perceived boredom (23.6%). Addressing these preferences through multilingual translation, niche targeting, diverse course offerings, flexible pricing and membership options can effectively cater to diverse customer segments. The findings emphasise the importance of prioritising audiovisual quality and personalised learning experiences to foster audience loyalty.