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Yudong Xia
School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China

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Journal article
Published: 13 March 2021 in Processes
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As the leading thermal desalination method, multistage flash (MSF) desalination plays an important role in obtaining freshwater. Its dynamic modeling and dynamic performance prediction are quite important for the optimal control, real-time optimal operation, maintenance, and fault diagnosis of MSF plants. In this study, a detailed mathematical model of the MSF system, based on the first principle and its treatment strategy, was established to obtain transient performance change quickly. Firstly, the whole MSF system was divided into four parts, which are brine heat exchanger, flashing stage room, mixed and split modulate, and physical parameter modulate. Secondly, based on mass, energy, and momentum conservation laws, the dynamic correlation equations were formulated and then put together for a simultaneous solution. Next, with the established model, the performance of a brine-recirculation (BR)-MSF plant with 16-stage flash chambers was simulated and compared for validation. Finally, with the validated model and the simultaneous solution method, dynamic simulation and analysis were carried out to respond to the dynamic change of feed seawater temperature, feed seawater concentration, recycle stream mass flow rate, and steam temperature. The dynamic response curves of TBT (top brine temperature), BBT (bottom brine temperature), the temperature of flashing brine at previous stages, and distillate mass flow rate at previous stages were obtained, which specifically reflect the dynamic characteristics of the system. The presented dynamic model and its treatment can provide better analysis for the real-time optimal operation and control of the MSF system to achieve lower operational cost and more stable freshwater quality.

ACS Style

Qiu-Yun Huang; Ai-Peng Jiang; Han-Yu Zhang; Jian Wang; Yu-Dong Xia; Lu He. Dynamic Modelling and Simulation of a Multistage Flash Desalination System. Processes 2021, 9, 522 .

AMA Style

Qiu-Yun Huang, Ai-Peng Jiang, Han-Yu Zhang, Jian Wang, Yu-Dong Xia, Lu He. Dynamic Modelling and Simulation of a Multistage Flash Desalination System. Processes. 2021; 9 (3):522.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qiu-Yun Huang; Ai-Peng Jiang; Han-Yu Zhang; Jian Wang; Yu-Dong Xia; Lu He. 2021. "Dynamic Modelling and Simulation of a Multistage Flash Desalination System." Processes 9, no. 3: 522.

Journal article
Published: 31 December 2020 in Processes
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The semi-dry desulfurization of slime fluidized bed boilers (FBB) has been widely used due to its advantages of low cost and high desulfurization efficiency. In this paper, the cooperative optimization of a two-stage desulfurization processes in the slime fluidized bed boiler was studied, and a model-based optimization strategy was proposed to minimize the operational cost of the desulfurization system. Firstly, a mathematical model for the FBB with a two-stage desulfurization process was established. The influences of coal slime elements on combustion flue gas and the factors that may affect the thermal efficiency of the boiler were then analyzed. Then, on the basis of the developed model, a number of parameters affecting the SO2 concentration at the outlet of the slime fluidized bed boiler were simulated and deeply analyzed. In addition, the effects of the sulfur content of coal slime, excess air coefficient, and calcium to sulfur ratio were also discussed. Finally, according to the current SO2 emission standard, the optimization operation problems under different sulfur contents were studied with the goal of minimizing the total desulfurization cost. The results showed that under the same sulfur content, the optimized operation was able to significantly reduce the total desulfurization cost by 9%, consequently improving the thermal efficiency of the boiler, ensuring the stable and up-to-standard emission of flue gas SO2, and thus achieving sustainable development.

ACS Style

Yangjian Xiao; Yudong Xia; Aipeng Jiang; Xiaofang Lv; Yamei Lin; Hanyu Zhang. Research on Optimization of Coal Slime Fluidized Bed Boiler Desulfurization Cooperative Operation. Processes 2020, 9, 75 .

AMA Style

Yangjian Xiao, Yudong Xia, Aipeng Jiang, Xiaofang Lv, Yamei Lin, Hanyu Zhang. Research on Optimization of Coal Slime Fluidized Bed Boiler Desulfurization Cooperative Operation. Processes. 2020; 9 (1):75.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yangjian Xiao; Yudong Xia; Aipeng Jiang; Xiaofang Lv; Yamei Lin; Hanyu Zhang. 2020. "Research on Optimization of Coal Slime Fluidized Bed Boiler Desulfurization Cooperative Operation." Processes 9, no. 1: 75.

Journal article
Published: 11 September 2020 in Energies
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When using a certain type of Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems, it is primary to obtain their steady-state operating behaviors for achieving a better indoor thermal environment. This paper reports a development of a white-box-based dynamic model for a direct expansion (DX) air conditioning (A/C) system to predict its steady-state operating performance under variable speed operation. The established model consists of five sub-models, i.e., a compressor, an electronic expansion valve, an evaporator, a condenser and a conditioned space. Each sub-model was developed based on partial lumped parameter approach. Using the available data generated from an experimental DX A/C system, both transient and steady-state behaviors predictions agreed well with the experimental ones. With the help of the validated white-box model, the inherent steady-state operating performance expressed in terms of the relationship among total cooling capacity (TCC), equipment sensible heat ratio (E SHR) and coefficient of performance (COP) under various speed combinations of compressor and supply fan were further examined. The results show that a higher COP could be achieved when the DX A/C system was operated at a higher fan speed or a lower compressor speed for dealing with a larger required E SHR. This model could be helpful for A/C system design and controller development.

ACS Style

Yudong Xia; Shu Jiangzhou; Xuejun Zhang; Zhao Zhang. Steady-State Performance Prediction for a Variable Speed Direct Expansion Air Conditioning System Using a White-box Based Modeling Approach. Energies 2020, 13, 4757 .

AMA Style

Yudong Xia, Shu Jiangzhou, Xuejun Zhang, Zhao Zhang. Steady-State Performance Prediction for a Variable Speed Direct Expansion Air Conditioning System Using a White-box Based Modeling Approach. Energies. 2020; 13 (18):4757.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yudong Xia; Shu Jiangzhou; Xuejun Zhang; Zhao Zhang. 2020. "Steady-State Performance Prediction for a Variable Speed Direct Expansion Air Conditioning System Using a White-box Based Modeling Approach." Energies 13, no. 18: 4757.

Journal article
Published: 07 July 2020 in Processes
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Multi-stage flash (MSF) desalination plays an important role in achieving large-scale fresh water driven by thermal energy. In this paper, based on first-principle modeling of a typical multi-stage flash desalination system, the effects of different operational parameters on system performance and operational optimization for cost saving were extensively studied. Firstly, the modelled desalination system was divided into flash chamber modules, brine heater modules, mixed modules and split modules, and based on energy and mass conservation laws the equations were formulated and put together to describe the whole process model. Then, with physical parameter calculation the whole process was simulated and analyzed on the platform of MATLAB, and the water production performance effected by operational parameters such as the feed temperature of seawater, the recycle brine from the discharge section, steam temperature and flowrate of recycled brine were discussed and analyzed. Then, the optimal operation to achieve maximize GOR (gained output ratio) with fixed freshwater demand was considered and performed, and thus the optimal flowrate of recycled brine, steam temperature, and seawater output flowrate from rejection section were obtained based on the established model. Finally, considering that minimizing the daily operational cost is a more rational objective, the operational cost equations were formulated and the optimal problem to minimize the daily operational cost was solved and the optimal manipulated variables at different hours were obtained. The study results can be used for guideline of real time optimization of the MSF system.

ACS Style

Hanhan Gao; Aipeng Jiang; Qiuyun Huang; Yudong Xia; Farong Gao; Jian Wang. Mode-Based Analysis and Optimal Operation of MSF Desalination System. Processes 2020, 8, 794 .

AMA Style

Hanhan Gao, Aipeng Jiang, Qiuyun Huang, Yudong Xia, Farong Gao, Jian Wang. Mode-Based Analysis and Optimal Operation of MSF Desalination System. Processes. 2020; 8 (7):794.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hanhan Gao; Aipeng Jiang; Qiuyun Huang; Yudong Xia; Farong Gao; Jian Wang. 2020. "Mode-Based Analysis and Optimal Operation of MSF Desalination System." Processes 8, no. 7: 794.

Journal article
Published: 11 April 2019 in International Journal of Refrigeration
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Hunting causes a poor operational safety and efficiency of a direct expansion (DX) air conditioning (A/C) system when it is variable speed (VS) operated to output different sensible and latent cooling capacities. An existing dynamic model was further developed by adding the equations for evaluating temperature sensor dynamics and air side operating parameters. After experimentally validated the model, the temperature sensor dynamics and VS operation on stability were numerically examined. Simulation results showed that due to the temperature sensor dynamics, actual system hunting could be much more serious than what was measured, and increasing the thermal resistance between temperature sensor and refrigerant pipeline would mitigate hunting. The mixture-vapor transition point in the DX evaporator would move closer to its exit at a smaller output equipment sensible heat ratio (E SHR) or a larger output total cooling capacity (TCC), consequently, leading to a higher chance to instability.

ACS Style

Yudong Xia; Qiang Ding; Shu Jiangzhou; Xuejun Zhang; Shiming Deng. A simulation study on the operational stability of an EEV-controlled direct expansion air conditioning system under variable speed operation. International Journal of Refrigeration 2019, 103, 115 -125.

AMA Style

Yudong Xia, Qiang Ding, Shu Jiangzhou, Xuejun Zhang, Shiming Deng. A simulation study on the operational stability of an EEV-controlled direct expansion air conditioning system under variable speed operation. International Journal of Refrigeration. 2019; 103 ():115-125.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yudong Xia; Qiang Ding; Shu Jiangzhou; Xuejun Zhang; Shiming Deng. 2019. "A simulation study on the operational stability of an EEV-controlled direct expansion air conditioning system under variable speed operation." International Journal of Refrigeration 103, no. : 115-125.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2019 in Energy Procedia
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Direct expansion air conditioning systems are widely installed in small-to medium- scale buildings due to their advantages of simple configuration, high energy efficiency and low cost to own and maintain. The two main targets of air conditioning operation include improving the system operational efficiency and energy efficiency. Stable system operational efficiency is directly related with the operation of electronic expansion valves and degree of superheat at the outlet of evaporator. In this paper, an adaptive DS controller is developed to improve the system operational efficiency based the experimental performance of a DX A/C system and reported. The adaptive DS controller is designed to seasonably regulate the degree of superheat when the system is subjected to changes in operating conditions. Experimental controllability test results show that the controller has a very stable behavior, allowing an effective and fast control of the DS setting.

ACS Style

Huaxia Yan; Yudong Xia; Shiming Deng. Adaptive control for degree of refrigerant superheat in a direct expansion air conditioning system under variable speed operation. Energy Procedia 2019, 158, 2182 -2187.

AMA Style

Huaxia Yan, Yudong Xia, Shiming Deng. Adaptive control for degree of refrigerant superheat in a direct expansion air conditioning system under variable speed operation. Energy Procedia. 2019; 158 ():2182-2187.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Huaxia Yan; Yudong Xia; Shiming Deng. 2019. "Adaptive control for degree of refrigerant superheat in a direct expansion air conditioning system under variable speed operation." Energy Procedia 158, no. : 2182-2187.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2019 in Energy Procedia
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This paper reports a development of a new degree of superheat (DS) controller which can slow down the rate of DS signal transfer in a direct expansion (DX) air conditioning (A/C) system for help mitigate operational instability. Through analyzing the heat transfer occurred at the outlet of an evaporator where the DS was evaluated, the dynamics of the DS signal transfer could be simply characterized by a first-order transfer function model (FOM). The new DS controller was thus developed by incorporating a FOM into a conventional proportional-integral (PI) controlled EEV-evaporator control loop, so that the rate of DS signal transfer could be regulated through varying the time constant of the FOM. Using an experimental DX A/C system, controllability tests for the new DS controller were carried out. Experimental results showed that the new DS controller would help mitigate possible system hunting when the experimental DX A/C system was unstably operated. The developed control strategy provides an alternative way to regulate the DS with an emphasis on operational stability.

ACS Style

Yudong Xia; Qiang Ding; Zhoushu Jiang; Shiming Deng; Mengjie Song. Development of a superheat controller for mitigating hunting in a direct expansion air conditioning system. Energy Procedia 2019, 158, 2085 -2091.

AMA Style

Yudong Xia, Qiang Ding, Zhoushu Jiang, Shiming Deng, Mengjie Song. Development of a superheat controller for mitigating hunting in a direct expansion air conditioning system. Energy Procedia. 2019; 158 ():2085-2091.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yudong Xia; Qiang Ding; Zhoushu Jiang; Shiming Deng; Mengjie Song. 2019. "Development of a superheat controller for mitigating hunting in a direct expansion air conditioning system." Energy Procedia 158, no. : 2085-2091.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Energy and Buildings
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ACS Style

Huaxia Yan; Yudong Xia; Xiangguo Xu; Shiming Simon Deng. Inherent operational characteristics aided fuzzy logic controller for a variable speed direct expansion air conditioning system for simultaneous indoor air temperature and humidity control. Energy and Buildings 2018, 158, 558 -568.

AMA Style

Huaxia Yan, Yudong Xia, Xiangguo Xu, Shiming Simon Deng. Inherent operational characteristics aided fuzzy logic controller for a variable speed direct expansion air conditioning system for simultaneous indoor air temperature and humidity control. Energy and Buildings. 2018; 158 ():558-568.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Huaxia Yan; Yudong Xia; Xiangguo Xu; Shiming Simon Deng. 2018. "Inherent operational characteristics aided fuzzy logic controller for a variable speed direct expansion air conditioning system for simultaneous indoor air temperature and humidity control." Energy and Buildings 158, no. : 558-568.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2017 in Energy Procedia
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ACS Style

Yudong Xia; Jing Du; Shiming Deng. Effects of superheat nonlinearity on the operational stability of a direct expansion (DX) air conditioning (A/C) system. Energy Procedia 2017, 142, 1854 -1859.

AMA Style

Yudong Xia, Jing Du, Shiming Deng. Effects of superheat nonlinearity on the operational stability of a direct expansion (DX) air conditioning (A/C) system. Energy Procedia. 2017; 142 ():1854-1859.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yudong Xia; Jing Du; Shiming Deng. 2017. "Effects of superheat nonlinearity on the operational stability of a direct expansion (DX) air conditioning (A/C) system." Energy Procedia 142, no. : 1854-1859.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2017 in Applied Energy
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ACS Style

Huaxia Yan; Yudong Xia; Shiming Deng. Simulation study on a three-evaporator air conditioning system for simultaneous indoor air temperature and humidity control. Applied Energy 2017, 207, 294 -304.

AMA Style

Huaxia Yan, Yudong Xia, Shiming Deng. Simulation study on a three-evaporator air conditioning system for simultaneous indoor air temperature and humidity control. Applied Energy. 2017; 207 ():294-304.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Huaxia Yan; Yudong Xia; Shiming Deng. 2017. "Simulation study on a three-evaporator air conditioning system for simultaneous indoor air temperature and humidity control." Applied Energy 207, no. : 294-304.

Conference paper
Published: 01 November 2017 in 2017 IEEE Latin American Conference on Computational Intelligence (LA-CCI)
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A discrete-time neural inverse optimal control scheme for the simultaneous control of indoor air temperature and humidity of a DX A/C system is reported in this paper. The plant model is identified using a recurrent high order neural network (RHONN), and a discrete-time inverse optimal control law is derived with this model. Kalman filtering is used to perform on-line the neural network learning. This novel proposed control scheme is tested via implementation in real time. The obtained results for trajectory tracking illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

ACS Style

Flavio Muñoz; Edgar N. Sanchez; Yudong Xia; Shiming Deng. Real-time neural optimal controller for a direct expansion (DX) air conditioning (A/C) system. 2017 IEEE Latin American Conference on Computational Intelligence (LA-CCI) 2017, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Flavio Muñoz, Edgar N. Sanchez, Yudong Xia, Shiming Deng. Real-time neural optimal controller for a direct expansion (DX) air conditioning (A/C) system. 2017 IEEE Latin American Conference on Computational Intelligence (LA-CCI). 2017; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Flavio Muñoz; Edgar N. Sanchez; Yudong Xia; Shiming Deng. 2017. "Real-time neural optimal controller for a direct expansion (DX) air conditioning (A/C) system." 2017 IEEE Latin American Conference on Computational Intelligence (LA-CCI) , no. : 1-6.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2017 in International Journal of Refrigeration
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ACS Style

Flavio Muñoz; Edgar N. Sanchez; Yudong Xia; Shiming Simon Deng. Real-time neural inverse optimal control for indoor air temperature and humidity in a direct expansion (DX) air conditioning (A/C) system. International Journal of Refrigeration 2017, 79, 196 -206.

AMA Style

Flavio Muñoz, Edgar N. Sanchez, Yudong Xia, Shiming Simon Deng. Real-time neural inverse optimal control for indoor air temperature and humidity in a direct expansion (DX) air conditioning (A/C) system. International Journal of Refrigeration. 2017; 79 ():196-206.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Flavio Muñoz; Edgar N. Sanchez; Yudong Xia; Shiming Simon Deng. 2017. "Real-time neural inverse optimal control for indoor air temperature and humidity in a direct expansion (DX) air conditioning (A/C) system." International Journal of Refrigeration 79, no. : 196-206.

Research article
Published: 21 April 2017 in Building Services Engineering Research and Technology
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For achieving a balance between the operational safety and efficiency of a variable speed direct expansion air conditioning system, a new capacity controller that can not only simultaneously control indoor air temperature and humidity, but also select an optimized degree of superheat setting to properly balance the operational safety and efficiency has been developed, by adding a control module to a previously developed capacity controller. The core of the control module was an artificial neural network based model representing the known relationship between the inherent operational characteristics and operational stability of a variable speed direct expansion air conditioning system. Using the control module developed, the degree of superheat setting could be varied in accordance with the variation in operating conditions for ensuring a safe and an efficient operation. The performance of the new capacity controller was experimentally tested using an experimental variable speed direct expansion air conditioning system. Controllability test results showed that the system hunting was mitigated when a larger degree of superheat setting was selected by the developed control module and an improvement in COP at about 3.4% was achieved when a smaller one was selected when using the new capacity controller for simultaneously controlling indoor air temperature and humidity. Practical application: This paper reports a new capacity for a VS DX A/C system, which can not only control indoor air temperature and humidity through varying compressor and supply fan speeds, but also select an optimized DS setting for ensuring both a safe and efficient system operation. The controllability test results showed that the new capacity controller could be applied to DX A/C systems for indoor thermal control with a higher operational safety and energy efficiency.

ACS Style

Yudong Xia; Huaxia Yan; Shiming Simon Deng; Ming-Yin Chan. A new capacity controller for a direct expansion air conditioning system for operational safety and efficiency. Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 2017, 39, 21 -37.

AMA Style

Yudong Xia, Huaxia Yan, Shiming Simon Deng, Ming-Yin Chan. A new capacity controller for a direct expansion air conditioning system for operational safety and efficiency. Building Services Engineering Research and Technology. 2017; 39 (1):21-37.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yudong Xia; Huaxia Yan; Shiming Simon Deng; Ming-Yin Chan. 2017. "A new capacity controller for a direct expansion air conditioning system for operational safety and efficiency." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 39, no. 1: 21-37.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2017 in Applied Thermal Engineering
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Previous studies on the inherent operational characteristics of a variable speed (VS) direct expansion (DX) air conditioning (A/C) system at a fixed degree of refrigerant superheat (DS) setting without considering its operational stability have been conducted. Therefore, a follow-up study on the inherent operational characteristics of a VS DX A/C system considering its operational stability has been carried out and the study results are reported. Using an experimental VS DX A/C system, the inherent correlations between its output total cooling capacity (TCC) and equipment sensible heat ratio (E SHR) at different combinations of compressor speed and supply fan speed were studied and the unstable operating points of speed combinations under different DS settings and inlet air states identified. The experimental results suggested while different DS settings may not significantly influence the inherent correlations between TCC and E SHR, but did impact the operational stability. A lower DS setting would result in a larger unstable operating region. Furthermore, VS operation and different inlet air states to the DX evaporator also influenced the operational stability. A higher compressor speed or a lower supply fan speed, and a lower inlet air temperature or relative humidity would lead to a higher chance to instability.Department of Building Services Engineerin

ACS Style

Yudong Xia; Shiming Simon Deng; Ming Yin Chan. Inherent operational characteristics and operational stability of a variable speed direct expansion air conditioning system. Applied Thermal Engineering 2017, 113, 268 -277.

AMA Style

Yudong Xia, Shiming Simon Deng, Ming Yin Chan. Inherent operational characteristics and operational stability of a variable speed direct expansion air conditioning system. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2017; 113 ():268-277.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yudong Xia; Shiming Simon Deng; Ming Yin Chan. 2017. "Inherent operational characteristics and operational stability of a variable speed direct expansion air conditioning system." Applied Thermal Engineering 113, no. : 268-277.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2016 in International Journal of Refrigeration
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• EEV's operating characteristics on a refrigeration system's stability studied • Theoretical results using classical control theory were experimentally verified • A larger proportional or integral gain would very likely lead to instability • Slowing down EEV's temperature transfer may help mitigate instability This paper reports on a study on the influences of the operating characteristics of a proportional-integral (PI) controlled Electronic Expansion Valve (EEV) on the operational stability of a direct expansion (DX) air conditioning (A/C) system. Using the classical control theory, EEV's PI settings and time constant of EEV's temperature sensor were analyzed. The theoretical analysis results using the classical control theory were further verified experimentally using an experimental DX A/C system. The study results shown that a larger proportional or integral gain would lead to a high chance for the EEV-evaporator control loop to become unstable, while slowing down the rate of degree of superheat (DS) signal transfer by increasing EEV's time constants may help mitigate system's operational instability. The results confirmed that the operating characteristics of an expansion valve in a refrigeration system could impact its operational stability.

ACS Style

Yudong Xia; Shiming Simon Deng. The influences of the operating characteristics of an Electronic Expansion Valve (EEV) on the operational stability of an EEV controlled direct expansion air conditioning system. International Journal of Refrigeration 2016, 69, 394 -406.

AMA Style

Yudong Xia, Shiming Simon Deng. The influences of the operating characteristics of an Electronic Expansion Valve (EEV) on the operational stability of an EEV controlled direct expansion air conditioning system. International Journal of Refrigeration. 2016; 69 ():394-406.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yudong Xia; Shiming Simon Deng. 2016. "The influences of the operating characteristics of an Electronic Expansion Valve (EEV) on the operational stability of an EEV controlled direct expansion air conditioning system." International Journal of Refrigeration 69, no. : 394-406.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2016 in Applied Thermal Engineering
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• A special experimental rig was built, with details reported • Defrosting at different FEVs with melted frost local drainage was conducted • Uneven frosting accumulation has negative effects on defrosting performance • Defrosting duration shortened about 11.2% as the FEV increased from 79.4% to 96.6% • Defrosting efficiency increased about 5.7% as the FEV increased from 79.4% to 96.6% A previous experimental study reported that the defrosting performance could be increased when the defrosting procession started at a higher frosting evenness value (FEV) for an air source heat pump (ASHP) unit with a vertically installed multi-circuit outdoor coil. In that study, to calculate the FEVs and thus fix the opening degrees of stop valves, melted frost of each circuit was collected by using water collecting trays installed between circuits. Thereafter, these trays were taken away to model a regular multi-circuit outdoor coil. However, during defrosting, the downwards flowing melted frost from up circuit(s) along the surface of coil due to gravity would adversely affect the defrosting performance of down circuit(s). Different negative effects of downwards flowing melted frost would make the effects of FEV on defrosting performance hard to quality and quantitatively confirmed. Therefore, in this study, an experimental study on defrosting performance for an ASHP unit at different FEVs with melted frost local drainage was carried out. Finally, experimental results indicated that the defrosting duration could be shortened by about 11.2%, and defrosting efficiency increased by about 5.7%, as the FEV increased from 79.4% to 96.6%.

ACS Style

Mengjie Song; Ning Mao; Shiming Simon Deng; Yudong Xia; Ying Chen. An experimental study on defrosting performance for an air source heat pump unit at different frosting evenness values with melted frost local drainage. Applied Thermal Engineering 2016, 99, 730 -740.

AMA Style

Mengjie Song, Ning Mao, Shiming Simon Deng, Yudong Xia, Ying Chen. An experimental study on defrosting performance for an air source heat pump unit at different frosting evenness values with melted frost local drainage. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2016; 99 ():730-740.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mengjie Song; Ning Mao; Shiming Simon Deng; Yudong Xia; Ying Chen. 2016. "An experimental study on defrosting performance for an air source heat pump unit at different frosting evenness values with melted frost local drainage." Applied Thermal Engineering 99, no. : 730-740.