Myeloperoxidase (MOP) is present in monocyte and neutrophil lysosomes, catalyzing hydrogen peroxide and chloride ion conversion to hypochlorous acid. MOP seems to destroy pathogens during phagocytosis by neutrophils and is considered an important defense against innumerous bacteria. We present a patient who had MOP deficiency, who presented with a subacute form of paracoccidioidomycosis and later with peritoneal tuberculosis. MOP deficiency leads to the diminished destruction of phagocytized pathogens. This case gives important evidence of an association between MOP deficiency and increased susceptibility to infection by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

We describe the first report of a patient with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis associated with disseminated and recurrent paracoccidioidomycosis. The investigation demonstrated that the patient had a mannose receptor deficiency, which would explain the patient’s susceptibility to chronic infection by Candida spp. and systemic infection by paracoccidioidomycosis. Mannose receptors are responsible for an important link between macrophages and fungal cells during phagocytosis. Deficiency of this receptor could explain the susceptibility to both fungal species, suggesting the impediment of the phagocytosis of these fungi in our patient.

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of methylisothiazolinone (MI) sensitivity and associated factors in individuals with suspected allergic contact dermatitis. Methods: Cross-sectional study based on patch tests, including methylisothiazolinone 0.2%, in 286 participants with suspected allergic contact dermatitis, in Brasília/DF, Brazil, between March/2020 and March/2022. Results: 13.6% of participants were diagnosed with allergic contact dermatitis and sensitive to MI. The mean age was 43.7 years, and the majority were women (71,8%). The average duration of the disease was 60 months. The most common location was hands (76.9%) and upper limbs (33.3%). In 97.4%, allergy to methylisothiazolinone was considered of current relevance. In the multivariate model, being domestic/household increased the chance of presenting sensitivity to MI by 4.2 (95% CI= 1.36 - 13.5). Presenting lesions in several places of the body was also significantly associated (OR=2.84; CI 95%=1.17 - 6.86) to be sensitive to the test substance. Conclusion: The findings confirm the epidemic of allergy to methylisothiazolinone. They reinforce the need for the inclusion of this isolated substance in the Brazilian baseline series. We emphasize the need for regulations on the use of methylisothiazolinone in industrial products and household detergents, as is done for cosmetics. Studies in other centers are needed to confirm these results. Keywords: Prevalence; Methylisothiazolinone; Allergic contact dermatitis; Allergy; Epidemiology; Detergents; Industrial products.

Introduction: People living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are under risk for co-infection with SARS-CoV-2. This population may be more prone to complications from COVID-19 due to persistent inflammation caused by HIV and higher incidence of metabolic syndromes, cardiovascular diseases, and malignancies, as well as being considered elderly at 50 years of age. The objective of this study was to report SARS-CoV-2 infection frequency, clinical evolution, and mortality in HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy. Methods: The period of inquiry ranged from January to September 2020. Due to the social distance and the suspension of in-person medical care during the time of the investigation, we sent electronic questions about demographic, epidemiological, and clinical data to 403 HIV-infected patients. Results: Among 260 patients who answered the questionnaire, thirty-nine patients (15%) had suggestive symptoms and were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of this, 11 had positive results (32.4%) and no patient died of COVID-19 complications. Nine were male (3.4%), and the mean age of the patients with positive results was 43.2 years (± 9.6). 107 patients (41.1%) were over 50 years of age and their mean T-CD4+ cell count was 768. Eleven patients (4.2%) had a detectable HIV RNA viral load and 127 (48.8%) had comorbidities. These variables were not associated with an increased risk for infection. Conclusion: The frequency of Sars-Cov2 infection among HIV-infected is similar to the general population, and the clinical course is associated with the presence of comorbidities and not due to the HIV infection. However, new studies should be done to assess if this vulnerable population could answer the vaccine anti-SARS-Cov2.