In molecular spintronics, the spin state of a molecule may be switched on and off by changing the molecular structure. Here, we switch on and off the molecular spin of a double-decker bis(phthalocyaninato)terbium(III) complex (TbPc₂) adsorbed on an Au(111) surface by applying an electric current via a scanning tunnelling microscope. The dI/dV curve of the tunnelling current recorded onto a TbPc₂ molecule shows a Kondo peak, the origin of which is an unpaired spin of a π-orbital of a phthalocyaninato (Pc) ligand. By applying controlled current pulses, we could rotate the upper Pc ligand in TbPc₂, leading to the disappearance and reappearance of the Kondo resonance. The rotation shifts the molecular frontier-orbital energies, quenching the π-electron spin. Reversible switching between two stable ligand orientations by applying a current pulse should make it possible to code information at the single-molecule level.

Single-chain magnets (SCMs) are one-dimensional (1D) slow-relaxing magnetic chains with interesting fundamental properties and applications, such as information storage. The mechanism underlying the slow relaxation of SCMs is Glauber dynamics, in which R. J. Glauber proposed about 50 years ago that the 1D correlation of ferromagnetically coupled Ising spins causes very slow magnetic relaxation at a finite temperature. Since the first experimental observation of SCM dynamics of a cobalt(II)–organic radical alternating chain in 2001, several SCM systems have been reported, supporting and expanding the Glauber model. In this review, we present the recent advances concerning SCMs with the main focus on SCM systems beyond the Ising limit, SCMs constructed with non-collinear or canted antiferromagnetic intrachain interactions, the relation between SCM dynamics and interchain interactions, and some SCMs with chirality, porosity, spin-crossover, photo-switchable states, and so on.

The SMM behaviour of dinuclear Ln(III)–Pc multiple-decker complexes (Ln = Tb³⁺ and Dy³⁺) with energy barriers and slow-relaxation behaviour were explained by using X-ray crystallography and static and dynamic susceptibility measurements. In particular, interactions among the 4f electrons of several dinuclear Ln(III)–Pc type SMMs have never been discussed on the basis of the crystal structure. For dinuclear Tb(III)–Pc complexes, a dual magnetic relaxation process was observed. The relaxation processes are due to the anisotropic centres. Our results clearly show that the two Tb³⁺ ion sites are equivalent and are consistent with the crystal structure. On the other hand, the mononuclear Tb(III)–Pc complex exhibited only a single magnetic relaxation process. This is clear evidence that the magnetic relaxation mechanism depends heavily on the dipole–dipole (f–f) interactions between the Tb³⁺ ions in the dinuclear systems. Furthermore, the SMM behaviour of dinuclear Dy(III)–Pc type SMMs with smaller energy barriers compared with that of Tb(III)–Pc and slow-relaxation behaviour was explained. Dinuclear Dy(III)–Pc SMMs exhibited single-component magnetic relaxation behaviour. The results indicate that the magnetic relaxation properties of dinuclear Ln(III)–Pc multiple-decker complexes are affected by the local molecular symmetry and are extremely sensitive to tiny distortions in the coordination geometry. In other words, the spatial arrangement of the Ln³⁺ ions (f–f interactions) in the crystal is important. Our work shows that the SMM properties can be fine-tuned by introducing weak intermolecular magnetic interactions in a controlled SMM spatial arrangement.