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Javier Senent-Aparicio
Department of Civil Engineering, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de Los Jerónimos s/n, 30107 Murcia, Spain

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Journal article
Published: 20 August 2021 in Remote Sensing
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Hydrological modelling requires accurate climate data with high spatial-temporal resolution, which is often unavailable in certain parts of the world—such as Central America. Numerous studies have previously demonstrated that in hydrological modelling, global weather reanalysis data provides a viable alternative to observed data. However, calibrating and validating models requires the use of observed discharge data, which is also frequently unavailable. Recent, global-scale applications have been developed based on weather data from reanalysis; these applications allow streamflows with satisfactory resolution to be obtained. An example is the Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS), which uses the fifth generation of reanalysis data produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ERA5) as input. It provides discharge data from 1979 to the present with a resolution of 0.1°. This study assesses the potential of GloFAS for calibrating hydrological models in ungauged basins. For this purpose, the quality of data from ERA5 and from the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation and Temperature with Station as well as the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) was analysed. The focus was on flow simulation using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The models were calibrated using GloFAS discharge data. Our results indicate that all the reanalysis datasets displayed an acceptable fit with the observed precipitation and temperature data. The correlation coefficient (CC) between the reanalysis data and the observed data indicates a strong relationship at the monthly level all of the analysed stations (CC > 0.80). The Kling–Gupta Efficiency (KGE) also showed the acceptable performance of the calibrated SWAT models (KGE > 0.74). We concluded that GloFAS data has substantial potential for calibrating hydrological models that estimate the monthly streamflow in ungauged watersheds. This approach can aid water resource management.

ACS Style

Javier Senent-Aparicio; Pablo Blanco-Gómez; Adrián López-Ballesteros; Patricia Jimeno-Sáez; Julio Pérez-Sánchez. Evaluating the Potential of GloFAS-ERA5 River Discharge Reanalysis Data for Calibrating the SWAT Model in the Grande San Miguel River Basin (El Salvador). Remote Sensing 2021, 13, 3299 .

AMA Style

Javier Senent-Aparicio, Pablo Blanco-Gómez, Adrián López-Ballesteros, Patricia Jimeno-Sáez, Julio Pérez-Sánchez. Evaluating the Potential of GloFAS-ERA5 River Discharge Reanalysis Data for Calibrating the SWAT Model in the Grande San Miguel River Basin (El Salvador). Remote Sensing. 2021; 13 (16):3299.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Javier Senent-Aparicio; Pablo Blanco-Gómez; Adrián López-Ballesteros; Patricia Jimeno-Sáez; Julio Pérez-Sánchez. 2021. "Evaluating the Potential of GloFAS-ERA5 River Discharge Reanalysis Data for Calibrating the SWAT Model in the Grande San Miguel River Basin (El Salvador)." Remote Sensing 13, no. 16: 3299.

Journal article
Published: 20 May 2021 in Remote Sensing
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Assessing how climate change will affect hydrological ecosystem services (HES) provision is necessary for long-term planning and requires local comprehensive climate information. In this study, we used SWAT to evaluate the impacts on four HES, natural hazard protection, erosion control regulation and water supply and flow regulation for the Laguna del Sauce catchment in Uruguay. We used downscaled CMIP-5 global climate models for Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5 projections. We calibrated and validated our SWAT model for the periods 2005–2009 and 2010–2013 based on remote sensed ET data. Monthly NSE and R2 values for calibration and validation were 0.74, 0.64 and 0.79, 0.84, respectively. Our results suggest that climate change will likely negatively affect the water resources of the Laguna del Sauce catchment, especially in the RCP 8.5 scenario. In all RCP scenarios, the catchment is likely to experience a wetting trend, higher temperatures, seasonality shifts and an increase in extreme precipitation events, particularly in frequency and magnitude. This will likely affect water quality provision through runoff and sediment yield inputs, reducing the erosion control HES and likely aggravating eutrophication. Although the amount of water will increase, changes to the hydrological cycle might jeopardize the stability of freshwater supplies and HES on which many people in the south-eastern region of Uruguay depend. Despite streamflow monitoring capacities need to be enhanced to reduce the uncertainty of model results, our findings provide valuable insights for water resources planning in the study area. Hence, water management and monitoring capacities need to be enhanced to reduce the potential negative climate change impacts on HES. The methodological approach presented here, based on satellite ET data can be replicated and adapted to any other place in the world since we employed open-access software and remote sensing data for all the phases of hydrological modelling and HES provision assessment.

ACS Style

Celina Aznarez; Patricia Jimeno-Sáez; Adrián López-Ballesteros; Juan Pacheco; Javier Senent-Aparicio. Analysing the Impact of Climate Change on Hydrological Ecosystem Services in Laguna del Sauce (Uruguay) Using the SWAT Model and Remote Sensing Data. Remote Sensing 2021, 13, 2014 .

AMA Style

Celina Aznarez, Patricia Jimeno-Sáez, Adrián López-Ballesteros, Juan Pacheco, Javier Senent-Aparicio. Analysing the Impact of Climate Change on Hydrological Ecosystem Services in Laguna del Sauce (Uruguay) Using the SWAT Model and Remote Sensing Data. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13 (10):2014.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Celina Aznarez; Patricia Jimeno-Sáez; Adrián López-Ballesteros; Juan Pacheco; Javier Senent-Aparicio. 2021. "Analysing the Impact of Climate Change on Hydrological Ecosystem Services in Laguna del Sauce (Uruguay) Using the SWAT Model and Remote Sensing Data." Remote Sensing 13, no. 10: 2014.

Journal article
Published: 05 May 2021 in Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies
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Peninsular Spain. Weather data are the key drivers of hydrological modelling. However, available weather data can present gaps in data sequences and are often limited in their spatial coverage for use in such hydrological models as the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). To overcome this limitation, SWAT includes a weather generator algorithm that can complete this data based on long-term weather statistics. This work presents a newly developed weather statistics dataset for Peninsular Spain (PSWG), calculated from national gridded datasets according to the SWAT model format. PSWG provides a higher resolution that stands as a compelling alternative to the statistics calculated from the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) that are available on the SWAT website. The dataset has been evaluated using PSWG and CFSR datasets for different data availability scenarios to reconstruct weather series in three watersheds with contrasting weather climates. Results underscore the superiority of the PSWG dataset in reconstructing missing data for hydrological simulations. This approach provides a strong alternative for SWAT applications in Peninsular Spain and the applied methodology can be replicated in other countries that dispose of high-resolution gridded rainfall and temperature datasets.

ACS Style

Javier Senent-Aparicio; Patricia Jimeno-Sáez; Adrián López-Ballesteros; José Ginés Giménez; Julio Pérez-Sánchez; José M. Cecilia; Raghavan Srinivasan. Impacts of swat weather generator statistics from high-resolution datasets on monthly streamflow simulation over Peninsular Spain. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 2021, 35, 100826 .

AMA Style

Javier Senent-Aparicio, Patricia Jimeno-Sáez, Adrián López-Ballesteros, José Ginés Giménez, Julio Pérez-Sánchez, José M. Cecilia, Raghavan Srinivasan. Impacts of swat weather generator statistics from high-resolution datasets on monthly streamflow simulation over Peninsular Spain. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies. 2021; 35 ():100826.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Javier Senent-Aparicio; Patricia Jimeno-Sáez; Adrián López-Ballesteros; José Ginés Giménez; Julio Pérez-Sánchez; José M. Cecilia; Raghavan Srinivasan. 2021. "Impacts of swat weather generator statistics from high-resolution datasets on monthly streamflow simulation over Peninsular Spain." Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 35, no. : 100826.

Journal article
Published: 08 December 2020 in Environmental Modelling & Software
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This paper describes a post-processing tool included in the globally used SWAT model for desktop assessment of environmental flows. The tool uses daily flow data from SWAT outputs and can apply different methodologies based on percentiles or moving averages to assess environmental flows. This tool, included in the visualization section of the SWAT model, is open source and can therefore be readily expanded to include additional methodologies. The features and capabilities of this tool are demonstrated through an application to the Eo River basin in the northwest of Spain. The impact of climate change on environmental flows was analyzed, obtaining reductions in environmental flows significantly greater than those of average flows mainly as a result of the increase in the variability of the daily flow series. This tool can help policymakers and scientists with rapid preliminary assessment of environmental flows.

ACS Style

Javier Senent-Aparicio; Chris George; Raghavan Srinivasan. Introducing a new post-processing tool for the SWAT+ model to evaluate environmental flows. Environmental Modelling & Software 2020, 136, 104944 .

AMA Style

Javier Senent-Aparicio, Chris George, Raghavan Srinivasan. Introducing a new post-processing tool for the SWAT+ model to evaluate environmental flows. Environmental Modelling & Software. 2020; 136 ():104944.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Javier Senent-Aparicio; Chris George; Raghavan Srinivasan. 2020. "Introducing a new post-processing tool for the SWAT+ model to evaluate environmental flows." Environmental Modelling & Software 136, no. : 104944.

Journal article
Published: 21 September 2020 in Remote Sensing
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The spatial and temporal scale of rainfall datasets is crucial in modeling hydrological processes. Recently, open-access satellite precipitation products with improved resolution have evolved as a potential alternative to sparsely distributed ground-based observations, which sometimes fail to capture the spatial variability of rainfall. However, the reliability and accuracy of the satellite precipitation products in simulating streamflow need to be verified. In this context, the objective of the current study is to assess the performance of three rainfall datasets in the prediction of daily and monthly streamflow using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). We used rainfall data from three different sources: Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Rainfall with Station data (CHIRPS), Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) and observed rain gauge data. Daily and monthly rainfall measurements from CHIRPS and CFSR were validated using widely accepted statistical measures, namely, correlation coefficient (CC), root mean squared error (RMSE), probability of detection (POD), false alarm ratio (FAR), and critical success index (CSI). The results showed that CHIRPS was in better agreement with ground-based rainfall at daily and monthly scale, with high rainfall detection ability, in comparison with the CFSR product. Streamflow prediction across multiple watersheds was also evaluated using Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE), Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and Percent BIAS (PBIAS). Irrespective of the climatic characteristics, the hydrologic simulations of CHIRPS showed better agreement with the observed at the monthly scale with the majority of the NSE values ranging between 0.40 and 0.78, and KGE values ranging between 0.62 and 0.82. Overall, CHIRPS outperformed the CFSR rainfall product in driving SWAT for streamflow simulations across the multiple watersheds selected for the study. The results from the current study demonstrate the potential of CHIRPS as an alternate open access rainfall input to the hydrologic model.

ACS Style

Yeganantham Dhanesh; V. Bindhu; Javier Senent-Aparicio; Tássia Brighenti; Essayas Ayana; P. Smitha; Chengcheng Fei; Raghavan Srinivasan. A Comparative Evaluation of the Performance of CHIRPS and CFSR Data for Different Climate Zones Using the SWAT Model. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 3088 .

AMA Style

Yeganantham Dhanesh, V. Bindhu, Javier Senent-Aparicio, Tássia Brighenti, Essayas Ayana, P. Smitha, Chengcheng Fei, Raghavan Srinivasan. A Comparative Evaluation of the Performance of CHIRPS and CFSR Data for Different Climate Zones Using the SWAT Model. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (18):3088.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yeganantham Dhanesh; V. Bindhu; Javier Senent-Aparicio; Tássia Brighenti; Essayas Ayana; P. Smitha; Chengcheng Fei; Raghavan Srinivasan. 2020. "A Comparative Evaluation of the Performance of CHIRPS and CFSR Data for Different Climate Zones Using the SWAT Model." Remote Sensing 12, no. 18: 3088.

Journal article
Published: 18 June 2020 in Water
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Magnitude and temporal variability of streamflow is essential for natural biodiversity and the stability of aquatic environments. In this study, a comparative analysis between historical data (1971–2013) and future climate change scenarios (2010–2039, 2040–2069 and 2070–2099) of the hydrological regime in the Eo river, in the north of Spain, is carried out in order to assess the ecological and hydro-geomorphological risks over the short-, medium- and long-term. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was applied on a daily basis to assess climate-induced hydrological changes in the river under five general circulation models and two representative concentration pathways. Statistical results, both in calibration (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE): 0.73, percent bias (PBIAS): 3.52, R2: 0.74) and validation (NSE: 0.62, PBIAS: 6.62, R2: 0.65), are indicative of the SWAT model’s good performance. The ten climate scenarios pointed out a reduction in rainfall (up to −22%) and an increase in temperatures, both maximum (from +1 to +7 °C) and minimum ones (from +1 to +4 °C). Predicted flow rates resulted in an incrementally greater decrease the longer the term is, varying between −5% (in short-term) and −53% (in long-term). The free software IAHRIS (Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration in Rivers) determined that alteration for usual values remains between excellent and good status and from good to moderate in drought values, but flood values showed a deficient regime in most scenarios, which implies an instability of river morphology, a progressive reduction in the section of the river and an advance of aging of riparian habitat, endangering the renewal of the species.

ACS Style

Julio Pérez-Sánchez; Javier Senent-Aparicio; Carolina Martínez Martínez Santa-María; Adrián López-Ballesteros. Assessment of Ecological and Hydro-Geomorphological Alterations under Climate Change Using SWAT and IAHRIS in the Eo River in Northern Spain. Water 2020, 12, 1745 .

AMA Style

Julio Pérez-Sánchez, Javier Senent-Aparicio, Carolina Martínez Martínez Santa-María, Adrián López-Ballesteros. Assessment of Ecological and Hydro-Geomorphological Alterations under Climate Change Using SWAT and IAHRIS in the Eo River in Northern Spain. Water. 2020; 12 (6):1745.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Julio Pérez-Sánchez; Javier Senent-Aparicio; Carolina Martínez Martínez Santa-María; Adrián López-Ballesteros. 2020. "Assessment of Ecological and Hydro-Geomorphological Alterations under Climate Change Using SWAT and IAHRIS in the Eo River in Northern Spain." Water 12, no. 6: 1745.

Journal article
Published: 11 May 2020 in Science of The Total Environment
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Climate change is a worldwide reality with significant effects on hydrological processes. It has already produce alterations in streamflow regime and is expected to continue in the future. To counteract the climate change impact, a better understanding of its effects is necessary. Hydrological models in combination with Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) suppose an up-to-date approach to analyze in detail the impacts of climate change on rivers. In this study, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration in Rivers (IAHRIS) software were successfully applied in Aracthos River basin, an agricultural watershed located in the north-western area of Greece. Statistical indices showed an acceptable performance of the SWAT model in both calibration (R2 = 0.74, NSE = 0.54, PBIAS = 17.06%) and validation (R2 = 0.64, NSE = 0.36, PBIAS = 12.31%) periods on a daily basis. To assess the future hydrologic alteration due to climate change in Aracthos River basin, five Global Climate Models (GFDL-ESM2, HadGEM2-ES, IPSL-CM5A-LR, MIROC-ESM-CHEM and NorESM1-M) were selected and analyzed under two different emission scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) for a long-term period (2070–2099). Results indicate that precipitation and flow is expected to be reduced and maximum and minimum temperature to be increased, compared to the historical period (1970–1999). IHA, obtained from IAHRIS software, revealed that flow regime can undergo a severe alteration, mainly on droughts that are expected to be more significant and longer. All these future hydrologic alterations could have negative consequences on the Aracthos River and its surroundings. The increase of droughts duration in combination with the reduction of flows and the alteration of seasonality can affect the resilience of riverine species and it can produce the loss of hydraulic and environmental diversity. Therefore, this study provides a useful tool for decision makers to develop strategies against the impact of climate change.

ACS Style

Adrián López-Ballesteros; Javier Senent-Aparicio; Carolina Martínez; Julio Pérez-Sánchez. Assessment of future hydrologic alteration due to climate change in the Aracthos River basin (NW Greece). Science of The Total Environment 2020, 733, 139299 .

AMA Style

Adrián López-Ballesteros, Javier Senent-Aparicio, Carolina Martínez, Julio Pérez-Sánchez. Assessment of future hydrologic alteration due to climate change in the Aracthos River basin (NW Greece). Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 733 ():139299.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adrián López-Ballesteros; Javier Senent-Aparicio; Carolina Martínez; Julio Pérez-Sánchez. 2020. "Assessment of future hydrologic alteration due to climate change in the Aracthos River basin (NW Greece)." Science of The Total Environment 733, no. : 139299.

Journal article
Published: 08 April 2020 in Water
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Gauges modify wind fields, producing important systematic errors (undercatching) in the measurement of solid precipitation (Ps), especially under windy conditions. A methodology that combines geostatistical techniques and hydrological models to perform a preliminary assessment of global undercatch and precipitation patterns in alpine regions is proposed. An assessment of temperature and precipitation fields is performed by applying geostatistical approaches assuming different hypothesis about the relationship between climatic fields and altitude. Several experiments using different approximations of climatic fields in different approaches to a hydrological model are evaluated. A new hydrological model, the Snow-Témez Model (STM), is developed including two parameters to correct the solid (Cs) and liquid precipitation (Cr). The procedure allows identifying the best combination of geostatistical approach and hydrological model for estimating streamflow in the Canales Basin, an alpine catchment of the Sierra Nevada (Spain). The sensitivity of the results to the correction of the precipitation fields is analyzed, revealing that the results of the streamflow simulation are improved when the precipitation is corrected considerably. High values of solid Cs are obtained, while Cr values, although smaller than the solid one, are also significant.

ACS Style

Patricia Jimeno-Sáez; David Pulido-Velazquez; Antonio-Juan Collados-Lara; Eulogio Pardo-Igúzquiza; Javier Senent-Aparicio; Leticia Baena-Ruiz. A Preliminary Assessment of the “Undercatching” and the Precipitation Pattern in an Alpine Basin. Water 2020, 12, 1061 .

AMA Style

Patricia Jimeno-Sáez, David Pulido-Velazquez, Antonio-Juan Collados-Lara, Eulogio Pardo-Igúzquiza, Javier Senent-Aparicio, Leticia Baena-Ruiz. A Preliminary Assessment of the “Undercatching” and the Precipitation Pattern in an Alpine Basin. Water. 2020; 12 (4):1061.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Patricia Jimeno-Sáez; David Pulido-Velazquez; Antonio-Juan Collados-Lara; Eulogio Pardo-Igúzquiza; Javier Senent-Aparicio; Leticia Baena-Ruiz. 2020. "A Preliminary Assessment of the “Undercatching” and the Precipitation Pattern in an Alpine Basin." Water 12, no. 4: 1061.

Preprint content
Published: 23 March 2020
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Gauges modify wind fields, producing important undercatch in solid precipitation.  For this reason, solid precipitation measurements show significant bias with respect to real values, especially under windy conditions. In this work we propose a methodology that combines geostatistical and hydrological models to perform a preliminary assessment of global undercatch and precipitation patterns (distribution between solid and liquid phase and spatial gradient with elevation) in alpine regions. It is based on the available information about daily natural streamflow and daily climatic data (precipitation and temperature) in the catchment. We want to analyse long time periods in order to take into account the stochastic behaviour of natural streamflow and climatic variables. A preliminary assessment of temperature and precipitation fields is performed by applying various geostatistical approaches assuming some hypothesis about the relationship between climatic fields and altitude. The generated fields are then employed as inputs of conceptual hydrological models, which includes two parameters to correct the solid and liquid precipitation, respectively. We have considered different hydrological approaches (SRM, HBV and a Témez model with a simple degree-day approach). The parameters are calibrated by minimizing the difference between the simulated and historical natural streamflows and/or snow cover area. It allows us to identify the best combination of geostatistical and hydrological models to approximate streamflow, to perform a global preliminary assessment of the undercatch of solid and liquid precipitation and their precipitation patterns by analysing spatial gradients with elevation. The methodology was applied in the Canales Basin, an alpine catchment of the Sierra Nevada (Spain).

This research has been partially supported by the SIGLO-AN project (RTI2018-101397-B-I00) from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Programa Estatal de I+D+I orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad) and by the GeoE.171.008-TACTIC project from GeoERA organization funded by European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program

ACS Style

Patricia Jimeno-Sáez; Antonio Juan Collados-Lara; Rodolfo Alvarado-Montero; David Pulido-Velazquez; Eulogio Pardo-Igúzquiza; Javier Senent-Aparicio. Combined use of geostatistical and conceptual hydrological models for a preliminary assessment of “undercatch” of precipitation in The Canales Basin (Sierra Nevada, Spain). 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Patricia Jimeno-Sáez, Antonio Juan Collados-Lara, Rodolfo Alvarado-Montero, David Pulido-Velazquez, Eulogio Pardo-Igúzquiza, Javier Senent-Aparicio. Combined use of geostatistical and conceptual hydrological models for a preliminary assessment of “undercatch” of precipitation in The Canales Basin (Sierra Nevada, Spain). . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Patricia Jimeno-Sáez; Antonio Juan Collados-Lara; Rodolfo Alvarado-Montero; David Pulido-Velazquez; Eulogio Pardo-Igúzquiza; Javier Senent-Aparicio. 2020. "Combined use of geostatistical and conceptual hydrological models for a preliminary assessment of “undercatch” of precipitation in The Canales Basin (Sierra Nevada, Spain)." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 29 February 2020 in Water
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This paper couples the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and the chloride mass balance (CMB) method to improve the modeling of streamflow in high-permeability bedrock basins receiving interbasin groundwater flow (IGF). IGF refers to the naturally occurring groundwater flow beneath a topographic divide, which indicates that baseflow simulated by standard hydrological models may be substantially less than its actual magnitude. Identification and quantification of IGF is so difficult that most hydrological models use convenient simplifications to ignore it, leaving us with minimal knowledge of strategies to quantify it. The Castril River basin (CRB) was chosen to show this problematic and to propose the CMB method to assess the magnitude of the IGF contribution to baseflow. In this headwater area, which has null groundwater exploitation, the CMB method shows that yearly IGF hardly varies and represents about 51% of mean yearly baseflow. Based on this external IGF appraisal, simulated streamflow was corrected to obtain a reduction in the percent bias of the SWAT model, from 52.29 to 22.40. Corrected simulated streamflow was used during the SWAT model calibration and validation phases. The Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) coefficient and the logarithmic values of NSE (lnNSE) were used for overall SWAT model performance. For calibration and validation, monthly NSE was 0.77 and 0.80, respectively, whereas daily lnNSE was 0.81 and 0.64, respectively. This methodological framework, which includes initial system conceptualization and a new formulation, provides a reproducible way to deal with similar basins, the baseflow component of which is strongly determined by IGF.

ACS Style

Javier Senent-Aparicio; Francisco J. Alcalá; Sitian Liu; Patricia Jimeno-Sáez. Coupling SWAT Model and CMB Method for Modeling of High-Permeability Bedrock Basins Receiving Interbasin Groundwater Flow. Water 2020, 12, 657 .

AMA Style

Javier Senent-Aparicio, Francisco J. Alcalá, Sitian Liu, Patricia Jimeno-Sáez. Coupling SWAT Model and CMB Method for Modeling of High-Permeability Bedrock Basins Receiving Interbasin Groundwater Flow. Water. 2020; 12 (3):657.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Javier Senent-Aparicio; Francisco J. Alcalá; Sitian Liu; Patricia Jimeno-Sáez. 2020. "Coupling SWAT Model and CMB Method for Modeling of High-Permeability Bedrock Basins Receiving Interbasin Groundwater Flow." Water 12, no. 3: 657.

Thematic issue
Published: 21 February 2020 in Environmental Earth Sciences
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Climate change affects rainfall and temperature producing a breakdown in the water balance and a variation in the dynamic of freshwater–seawater in coastal areas, exacerbating seawater intrusion (SWI) problems. The target of this paper is to propose a method to assess and analyze impacts of future global change (GC) scenarios on SWI at the aquifer scale in a coastal area. Some adaptation measures have been integrated in the definition of future GC scenarios incorporating complementary resources within the system in accordance with urban development planning. The proposed methodology summarizes the impacts of potential GC scenarios in terms of SWI status and vulnerability at the aquifer scale through steady pictures (maps and conceptual 2D cross sections for specific dates or statistics of a period) and time series for lumped indices. It is applied to the Plana de Oropesa-Torreblanca aquifer. The results summarize the influence of GC scenarios in the global status and vulnerability to SWI under some management scenarios. These GC scenarios would produce higher variability of SWI status and vulnerability.

ACS Style

Leticia Baena-Ruiz; David Pulido-Velazquez; Antonio-Juan Collados-Lara; Arianna Renau-Pruñonosa; Ignacio Morell; Javier Senent-Aparicio; Carlos Llopis-Albert. Summarizing the impacts of future potential global change scenarios on seawater intrusion at the aquifer scale. Environmental Earth Sciences 2020, 79, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Leticia Baena-Ruiz, David Pulido-Velazquez, Antonio-Juan Collados-Lara, Arianna Renau-Pruñonosa, Ignacio Morell, Javier Senent-Aparicio, Carlos Llopis-Albert. Summarizing the impacts of future potential global change scenarios on seawater intrusion at the aquifer scale. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2020; 79 (5):1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leticia Baena-Ruiz; David Pulido-Velazquez; Antonio-Juan Collados-Lara; Arianna Renau-Pruñonosa; Ignacio Morell; Javier Senent-Aparicio; Carlos Llopis-Albert. 2020. "Summarizing the impacts of future potential global change scenarios on seawater intrusion at the aquifer scale." Environmental Earth Sciences 79, no. 5: 1-13.

Journal article
Published: 13 February 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The Mar Menor is a hypersaline coastal lagoon with high environmental value and a characteristic example of a highly anthropized hydro-ecosystem located in the southeast of Spain. An unprecedented eutrophication crisis in 2016 and 2019 with abrupt changes in the quality of its waters caused a great social alarm. Understanding and modeling the level of a eutrophication indicator, such as chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), benefits the management of this complex system. In this study, we investigate the potential machine learning (ML) methods to predict the level of Chl-a. Particularly, Multilayer Neural Networks (MLNNs) and Support Vector Regressions (SVRs) are evaluated using as a target dataset information of up to nine different water quality parameters. The most relevant input combinations were extracted using wrapper feature selection methods which simplified the structure of the model, resulting in a more accurate and efficient procedure. Although the performance in the validation phase showed that SVR models obtained better results than MLNNs, experimental results indicated that both ML algorithms provide satisfactory results in the prediction of Chl-a concentration, reaching up to 0.7 R2CV (cross-validated coefficient of determination) for the best-fit models.

ACS Style

Patricia Jimeno-Sáez; Javier Senent-Aparicio; José M. Cecilia; Julio Pérez-Sánchez. Using Machine-Learning Algorithms for Eutrophication Modeling: Case Study of Mar Menor Lagoon (Spain). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 1189 .

AMA Style

Patricia Jimeno-Sáez, Javier Senent-Aparicio, José M. Cecilia, Julio Pérez-Sánchez. Using Machine-Learning Algorithms for Eutrophication Modeling: Case Study of Mar Menor Lagoon (Spain). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (4):1189.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Patricia Jimeno-Sáez; Javier Senent-Aparicio; José M. Cecilia; Julio Pérez-Sánchez. 2020. "Using Machine-Learning Algorithms for Eutrophication Modeling: Case Study of Mar Menor Lagoon (Spain)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4: 1189.

Journal article
Published: 11 November 2019 in Water
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This study assessed how changes in terms of temperature and precipitation might translate into changes in water availability and droughts in an area in a developing country with environmental interest. The hydrological model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was applied to analyze the impacts of climate change on water resources of the Guajoyo River Basin in El Salvador. El Salvador is in one of the most vulnerable regions in Latin America to the effects of climate change. The predicted future climate change by two climate change scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) and five general circulation models (GCMs) were considered. A statistical analysis was performed to identify which GCM was better in terms of goodness of fit to variation in means and standard deviations of the historical series. A significant decreasing trend in precipitation and a significant increase in annual average temperatures were projected by the middle and the end of the twenty–first century. The results indicated a decreasing trend of the amount of water available and more severe droughts for future climate scenarios with respect to the base period (1975–2004). These findings will provide local water management authorities useful information in the face of climate change to help decision making.

ACS Style

Pablo Blanco-Gómez; Patricia Jimeno-Sáez; Javier Senent-Aparicio; Julio Pérez-Sánchez. Impact of Climate Change on Water Balance Components and Droughts in the Guajoyo River Basin (El Salvador). Water 2019, 11, 2360 .

AMA Style

Pablo Blanco-Gómez, Patricia Jimeno-Sáez, Javier Senent-Aparicio, Julio Pérez-Sánchez. Impact of Climate Change on Water Balance Components and Droughts in the Guajoyo River Basin (El Salvador). Water. 2019; 11 (11):2360.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pablo Blanco-Gómez; Patricia Jimeno-Sáez; Javier Senent-Aparicio; Julio Pérez-Sánchez. 2019. "Impact of Climate Change on Water Balance Components and Droughts in the Guajoyo River Basin (El Salvador)." Water 11, no. 11: 2360.

Journal article
Published: 03 October 2019 in Applied Sciences
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Wildfires in Mediterranean regions have become a serious problem, and it is currently the main cause of forest loss. Numerous prediction methods have been applied worldwide to estimate future fire activity and area burned in order to provide a stable basis for future allocation of fire-fighting resources. The present study investigated the performance of an artificial neural network (ANN) in burned area size prediction and to assess the evolution of future wildfires and the area concerned under climate change in southern Spain. The study area comprised 39.41 km2 of land burned from 2000 to 2014. ANNs were used in two subsequential phases: classifying the size of the wildfires and predicting the burned surface for fires larger than 30,000 m2. Matrix of confusion and 10-fold cross-validations were used to evaluate ANN classification and mean absolute deviation, root mean square error, mean absolute percent error and bias, which were the metrics used for burned area prediction. The success rate achieved was above 60–70% depending on the zone. An average temperature increase of 3 °C and a 20% increase in wind speed during 2071–2100 results in a significant increase of the number of fires, up to triple the current figure, resulting in seven times the average yearly burned surface depending on the zone and the climate change scenario.

ACS Style

Julio Pérez-Sánchez; Patricia Jimeno-Sáez; Javier Senent-Aparicio; José María Díaz-Palmero; Juan De Dios Cabezas-Cerezo; Pérez- Sánchez; Jimeno- Sáez; Senent- Aparicio; Díaz- Palmero; De Dios Cabezas-Cerezo. Evolution of Burned Area in Forest Fires under Climate Change Conditions in Southern Spain Using ANN. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 4155 .

AMA Style

Julio Pérez-Sánchez, Patricia Jimeno-Sáez, Javier Senent-Aparicio, José María Díaz-Palmero, Juan De Dios Cabezas-Cerezo, Pérez- Sánchez, Jimeno- Sáez, Senent- Aparicio, Díaz- Palmero, De Dios Cabezas-Cerezo. Evolution of Burned Area in Forest Fires under Climate Change Conditions in Southern Spain Using ANN. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (19):4155.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Julio Pérez-Sánchez; Patricia Jimeno-Sáez; Javier Senent-Aparicio; José María Díaz-Palmero; Juan De Dios Cabezas-Cerezo; Pérez- Sánchez; Jimeno- Sáez; Senent- Aparicio; Díaz- Palmero; De Dios Cabezas-Cerezo. 2019. "Evolution of Burned Area in Forest Fires under Climate Change Conditions in Southern Spain Using ANN." Applied Sciences 9, no. 19: 4155.

Journal article
Published: 24 September 2019 in Agronomy
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Best management practices (BMPs) provide a feasible solution for non-point source pollution problems. High sediment and nutrient yields without retention control result in environmental deterioration of surrounding areas. In the present study, the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model was developed for El Beal watershed, an anthropogenic and ungauged basin located in the southeast of Spain that drains into a coastal lagoon of high environmental value. The effectiveness of five BMPs (contour planting, filter strips, reforestation, fertilizer application and check dam restoration) was quantified, both individually and in combination, to test their impact on sediment and nutrient reduction. For calibration and validation processes, actual evapotranspiration (AET) data obtained from a remote sensing dataset called Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) were used. The SWAT model achieved good performance in the calibration period, with statistical values of 0.78 for Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE), 0.81 for coefficient of determination (R2), 0.58 for Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and 3.9% for percent bias (PBIAS), as well as in the validation period (KGE = 0.67, R2 = 0.83, NS = 0.53 and PBIAS = −25.3%). The results show that check dam restoration is the most effective BMP with a reduction of 90% in sediment yield (S), 15% in total nitrogen (TN) and 22% in total phosphorus (TP) at the watershed scale, followed by reforestation (S = 27%, TN = 16% and TP = 20%). All effectiveness values improved when BMPs were assessed in combination. The outcome of this study could provide guidance for decision makers in developing possible solutions for environmental problems in a coastal lagoon.

ACS Style

Adrián López-Ballesteros; Javier Senent-Aparicio; Raghavan Srinivasan; Julio Pérez-Sánchez. Assessing the Impact of Best Management Practices in a Highly Anthropogenic and Ungauged Watershed Using the SWAT Model: A Case Study in the El Beal Watershed (Southeast Spain). Agronomy 2019, 9, 576 .

AMA Style

Adrián López-Ballesteros, Javier Senent-Aparicio, Raghavan Srinivasan, Julio Pérez-Sánchez. Assessing the Impact of Best Management Practices in a Highly Anthropogenic and Ungauged Watershed Using the SWAT Model: A Case Study in the El Beal Watershed (Southeast Spain). Agronomy. 2019; 9 (10):576.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adrián López-Ballesteros; Javier Senent-Aparicio; Raghavan Srinivasan; Julio Pérez-Sánchez. 2019. "Assessing the Impact of Best Management Practices in a Highly Anthropogenic and Ungauged Watershed Using the SWAT Model: A Case Study in the El Beal Watershed (Southeast Spain)." Agronomy 9, no. 10: 576.

Journal article
Published: 20 May 2019 in Sustainability
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Water availability is essential for the appropriate analysis of its sustainable management. We performed a comparative study of six hydrological balance models (Témez, ABCD, GR2M, AWBM, GUO-5p, and Thornthwaite-Mather) in several basins with different climatic conditions within Spain in the 1977–2010 period. We applied six statistical indices to compare the results of the models: the Akaike information criterion (AIC), the Bayesian information criterion (BIC), Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE), coefficient of determination (R2), percent bias (PBIAS), and the relative error between observed and simulated run-off volumes (REV). Furthermore, we applied the FITEVAL software to determine the uncertainty of the model. The results show that when the catchments are more humid the obtained results are better. The GR2M model gave the best fit in peninsular Spain in a UNEP aridity index framework above 1, and NSE values above 0.75 in a 95% confidence interval classify GR2M as very good for humid watersheds. The use of REV is also a key index in the assessment of the margin of error. Flow duration curves show good performance in the probabilities of exceedance lower than 80% in wet watersheds and deviations in low streamflows account for less than 5% of the total streamflow.

ACS Style

Julio Pérez-Sánchez; Javier Senent-Aparicio; Francisco Segura-Méndez; David Pulido-Velazquez; Raghavan Srinivasan. Evaluating Hydrological Models for Deriving Water Resources in Peninsular Spain. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2872 .

AMA Style

Julio Pérez-Sánchez, Javier Senent-Aparicio, Francisco Segura-Méndez, David Pulido-Velazquez, Raghavan Srinivasan. Evaluating Hydrological Models for Deriving Water Resources in Peninsular Spain. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (10):2872.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Julio Pérez-Sánchez; Javier Senent-Aparicio; Francisco Segura-Méndez; David Pulido-Velazquez; Raghavan Srinivasan. 2019. "Evaluating Hydrological Models for Deriving Water Resources in Peninsular Spain." Sustainability 11, no. 10: 2872.

Journal article
Published: 24 September 2018 in Water
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The Mediterranean basin contains many semi-arid environments where aquifers are subject to intensive exploitation, generally to meet irrigation demands. The Campo de Cartagena aquifer is a clear example from such a semi-arid environment, and its hydrodynamic effects have aroused great scientific interest. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the hydrodynamic effects that have occurred in the last century of anthropogenic activity in this aquifer system. This aquifer is subject to intensive exploitation and shows clear deficits in times of drought, with recharge by irrigation playing an important role. This study’s methodology includes groundwater modelling to reconstruct the transient evolution of the aquifer system during the last century, to generate water balances and to illustrate how the evolution of irrigation has, in many ways, changed the aquifer’s groundwater flow pattern. The results delineate the hydraulic communication of the aquifer stratums through specific geological structures, as well as the flow transfer from the Quaternary layer to the Mar Menor and the Mediterranean Sea. The reconstruction of the entire system’s temporal evolution shows a fragile water balance that is supported by surface-water contributions.

ACS Style

Juan Carlos Domingo-Pinillos; Javier Senent-Aparicio; José Luis García-Aróstegui; Paul Baudron. Long Term Hydrodynamic Effects in a Semi-Arid Mediterranean Multilayer Aquifer: Campo de Cartagena in South-Eastern Spain. Water 2018, 10, 1320 .

AMA Style

Juan Carlos Domingo-Pinillos, Javier Senent-Aparicio, José Luis García-Aróstegui, Paul Baudron. Long Term Hydrodynamic Effects in a Semi-Arid Mediterranean Multilayer Aquifer: Campo de Cartagena in South-Eastern Spain. Water. 2018; 10 (10):1320.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juan Carlos Domingo-Pinillos; Javier Senent-Aparicio; José Luis García-Aróstegui; Paul Baudron. 2018. "Long Term Hydrodynamic Effects in a Semi-Arid Mediterranean Multilayer Aquifer: Campo de Cartagena in South-Eastern Spain." Water 10, no. 10: 1320.

Journal article
Published: 14 September 2018 in Sustainability
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Climate change and the land-use and land-cover changes (LULC) resulting from anthropic activity are important factors in the degradation of an ecosystem and in the availability of a basin’s water resources. To know how these activities affect the quantity of the water resources of basins, such as the Segura River Basin, is of vital importance. In this work, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used for the study of the abovementioned impacts. The model was validated by obtaining a Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.88 and a percent bias (PBIAS) of 17.23%, indicating that SWAT accurately replicated monthly streamflow. Next, land-use maps for the years of 1956 and 2007 were used to establish a series of scenarios that allowed us to evaluate the effects of these activities on both joint and individual water resources. A reforestation plan applied in the basin during the 1970s caused that the forest area had almost doubled, whereas the agricultural areas and shrubland had been reduced by one-third. These modifications, together with the effect of climate change, have led to a decrease of 26.3% in the quantity of generated water resources, not only due to climate change but also due to the increase in forest area.

ACS Style

Javier Senent-Aparicio; Sitian Liu; Julio Pérez-Sánchez; Adrián López-Ballesteros; Patricia Jimeno-Sáez. Assessing Impacts of Climate Variability and Reforestation Activities on Water Resources in the Headwaters of the Segura River Basin (SE Spain). Sustainability 2018, 10, 3277 .

AMA Style

Javier Senent-Aparicio, Sitian Liu, Julio Pérez-Sánchez, Adrián López-Ballesteros, Patricia Jimeno-Sáez. Assessing Impacts of Climate Variability and Reforestation Activities on Water Resources in the Headwaters of the Segura River Basin (SE Spain). Sustainability. 2018; 10 (9):3277.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Javier Senent-Aparicio; Sitian Liu; Julio Pérez-Sánchez; Adrián López-Ballesteros; Patricia Jimeno-Sáez. 2018. "Assessing Impacts of Climate Variability and Reforestation Activities on Water Resources in the Headwaters of the Segura River Basin (SE Spain)." Sustainability 10, no. 9: 3277.

Journal article
Published: 25 July 2018 in Biosystems Engineering
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A correct estimation of the instantaneous peak flow (IPF) is crucial to reducing the consequences of flash floods. An approach to estimate the IPF, obtained by combining Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) simulation and machine-learning models, was proposed and then verified by comparison with observation-based results in the Ladra river basin, northwest Spain. The SWAT model has been used to estimate the maximum mean daily flow (MMDF), and machine-learning models have been used to estimate the IPF based on MMDF. Four nonlinear time-series intelligence models, artificial neural network (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), support vector machine (SVM) and extreme learning machine (ELM) were applied, and their results were compared. The Modified Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (MNSE) and the index of agreement (d) were used to evaluate SWAT performance while simulating MMDF, and the coefficient of determination (R2) and the root mean square error (RMSE) were employed to evaluate the performance of these intelligent systems. According to the results, the SWAT hydrological model is a useful tool to simulate MMDF. Validation analyses resulted in values of statistical indexes (MNSE = 0.64 and d = 0.95). Regarding intelligent systems, the results show that they can be successfully used in predicting IPF, but ELM has demonstrated a superior ability to estimate IPF from the MMDF (R2 = 0.86 and RMSE = 48.59). The results of this study can contribute to predicting IPF in areas where sub-daily observational data are scarce, thereby reducing uncertainties associated with IPF estimations.

ACS Style

Javier Senent-Aparicio; Patricia Jimeno Sáez; Andrés Bueno-Crespo; Julio Pérez-Sánchez; David Pulido-Velázquez. Coupling machine-learning techniques with SWAT model for instantaneous peak flow prediction. Biosystems Engineering 2018, 177, 67 -77.

AMA Style

Javier Senent-Aparicio, Patricia Jimeno Sáez, Andrés Bueno-Crespo, Julio Pérez-Sánchez, David Pulido-Velázquez. Coupling machine-learning techniques with SWAT model for instantaneous peak flow prediction. Biosystems Engineering. 2018; 177 ():67-77.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Javier Senent-Aparicio; Patricia Jimeno Sáez; Andrés Bueno-Crespo; Julio Pérez-Sánchez; David Pulido-Velázquez. 2018. "Coupling machine-learning techniques with SWAT model for instantaneous peak flow prediction." Biosystems Engineering 177, no. : 67-77.

Journal article
Published: 11 June 2018 in Remote Sensing
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The availability of precipitation data is the key driver in the application of hydrological models when simulating streamflow. Ground weather stations are regularly used to measure precipitation. However, spatial coverage is often limited in low-population areas and mountain areas. To overcome this limitation, gridded datasets from remote sensing have been widely used. This study evaluates four widely used global precipitation datasets (GPDs): The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B43, the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN), and the Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation (MSWEP), against point gauge and gridded dataset observations using multiple monthly water balance models (MWBMs) in four different meso-scale basins that cover the main climatic zones of Peninsular Spain. The volumes of precipitation obtained from the GPDs tend to be smaller than those from the gauged data. Results underscore the superiority of the national gridded dataset, although the TRMM provides satisfactory results in simulating streamflow, reaching similar Nash-Sutcliffe values, between 0.70 and 0.95, and an average total volume error of 12% when using the GR2M model. The performance of GPDs highly depends on the climate, so that the more humid the watershed is, the better results can be achieved. The procedures used can be applied in regions with similar case studies to more accurately assess the resources within a system in which there is scarcity of recorded data available.

ACS Style

Javier Senent-Aparicio; Adrián López-Ballesteros; Julio Pérez-Sánchez; Francisco José Segura-Méndez; David Pulido-Velazquez. Using Multiple Monthly Water Balance Models to Evaluate Gridded Precipitation Products over Peninsular Spain. Remote Sensing 2018, 10, 922 .

AMA Style

Javier Senent-Aparicio, Adrián López-Ballesteros, Julio Pérez-Sánchez, Francisco José Segura-Méndez, David Pulido-Velazquez. Using Multiple Monthly Water Balance Models to Evaluate Gridded Precipitation Products over Peninsular Spain. Remote Sensing. 2018; 10 (6):922.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Javier Senent-Aparicio; Adrián López-Ballesteros; Julio Pérez-Sánchez; Francisco José Segura-Méndez; David Pulido-Velazquez. 2018. "Using Multiple Monthly Water Balance Models to Evaluate Gridded Precipitation Products over Peninsular Spain." Remote Sensing 10, no. 6: 922.