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Seung-Jun Kwon
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hannam University, Daejeon, South Korea

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Journal article
Published: 08 May 2021 in Journal of Building Engineering
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This study presents the structural potentials of an entire restoration technique proposed for upgrading the strength and ductility of severely damaged non-seismic columns. Three columns were prepared under concentric axial loads to examine the axial load–axial strain relationship of restored columns. Additionally, five columns subjected to a constant axial load and cyclic lateral loads were prepared to ascertain the seismic behavior of the restored columns. To simulate the entire restoration of damaged columns, non-seismic columns were initially tested up to their peak axial capacity or 80% of the flexural strength on the post-peak performance; the longitudinal and transverse reinforcing bars and concrete were then reconstructed after total removal from the initially damaged columns. The test results showed that the axial load–axial strain and lateral load–lateral displacement relationships of the restored columns exhibited pre-peak behavior that was quite similar to that of the initial non-seismic columns, whereas the slope at the post-peak branches significantly slowed down for the former columns in comparison to the latter ones. Thus, the axial and flexural strengths of the restored columns could be conservatively assessed by the procedure recommended in the ACI 318-19 provision. The restored columns displayed axial ductility and flexural displacement ductility ratios comparable to those obtained in columns strengthened using the reinforced concrete (RC) jacket with seismic details that were developed using an approach similar to the proposed restoration technique. Thus, the proposed technique shows significant potential in enhancing the seismic performance of severely damaged non-seismic columns by providing confinement to concrete cores and preventing premature buckling of longitudinal reinforcements.

ACS Style

Seung-Hyeon Hwang; Keun-Hyeok Yang; Yong-Soo Choi; Seung-Jun Kwon. Axial and flexural performances of columns restored after severe damage. Journal of Building Engineering 2021, 44, 102686 .

AMA Style

Seung-Hyeon Hwang, Keun-Hyeok Yang, Yong-Soo Choi, Seung-Jun Kwon. Axial and flexural performances of columns restored after severe damage. Journal of Building Engineering. 2021; 44 ():102686.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Seung-Hyeon Hwang; Keun-Hyeok Yang; Yong-Soo Choi; Seung-Jun Kwon. 2021. "Axial and flexural performances of columns restored after severe damage." Journal of Building Engineering 44, no. : 102686.

Journal article
Published: 18 March 2021 in Materials
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This study focuses on the effects of superabsorbent polymers (SAP) and belite-rich Portland cement (BPC) on the compressive strength, autogenous shrinkage (AS), and micro- and macroscopic performance of sustainable, ultra-high-performance paste (SUHPP). Several experimental studies were conducted, including compressive strength, AS, isothermal calorimetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), attenuated total reflectance (ATR)–Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultra-sonic pulse velocity (UPV), and electrical resistivity. The following conclusions can be made based on the experimental results: (1) a small amount of SAP has a strength promotion effect during the first 3 days, while BPC can significantly improve the strength over the following 28 days. (2) SAP slows down the internal relative humidity reduction and effectively reduces the development of AS. BPC specimens show a lower AS than other specimens. The AS shows a linear relationship with the internal relative humidity. (3) Specimens with SAP possess higher cumulative hydration heat than control specimens. The slow hydration rate in the BPC effectively reduces the exothermic heat. (4) With the increase in SAP, the calcium hydroxide (CH) and combined water content increases, and SAP thus improves the effect on cement hydration. The contents of CH and combined water in BPC specimens are lower than those in the ordinary Portland cement (OPC) specimen. (5) All samples display rapid hydration of the cement in the first 3 days, with a high rate of UPV development. Strength is an exponential function of UPVs. (6) The electrical resistivity is reduced due to the increase in porosity caused by the release of water from SAP. From 3 to 28 days, BPC specimens show a greater increment in electrical resistivity than other specimens.

ACS Style

Mei-Yu Xuan; Yi-Sheng Wang; Xiao-Yong Wang; Han-Seung Lee; Seung-Jun Kwon. Effect of Cement Types and Superabsorbent Polymers on the Properties of Sustainable Ultra-High-Performance Paste. Materials 2021, 14, 1497 .

AMA Style

Mei-Yu Xuan, Yi-Sheng Wang, Xiao-Yong Wang, Han-Seung Lee, Seung-Jun Kwon. Effect of Cement Types and Superabsorbent Polymers on the Properties of Sustainable Ultra-High-Performance Paste. Materials. 2021; 14 (6):1497.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mei-Yu Xuan; Yi-Sheng Wang; Xiao-Yong Wang; Han-Seung Lee; Seung-Jun Kwon. 2021. "Effect of Cement Types and Superabsorbent Polymers on the Properties of Sustainable Ultra-High-Performance Paste." Materials 14, no. 6: 1497.

Journal article
Published: 22 February 2021 in Sustainability
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In this study, the total maintenance cost for public houses in South Korea was analyzed, and the effect of each repair process on the total maintenance cost was evaluated with probabilistic and deterministic methods. In the probabilistic method, quality of repair materials and construction skills were considered in the variability of extended service life through repair, while the deterministic method considered it by simple summation of repair step. The repair cost was analyzed considering the coefficient of variation (COV) of extended service life, so the reasonable total maintenance cost was able to be evaluated. Since the results through the probabilistic method provided a continuous cost line, a reasonable repair strategy was carried out by simply changing the intended service life of the structure. The repair cost was additionally analyzed with constant COV (0.15) of each repair process for considering various situations. The analysis results with a COV of 0.15 exhibited a slightly higher maintenance cost than those with current COV. The total maintenance costs can be adjusted if the initial repair timing is extended to the largest possible extent for the highest-repair-cost process since the total repair cost is dominated by the process with the highest repair cost.

ACS Style

Yong-Sik Yoon; Yong-Han Ahn; Xiao-Yong Wang; Seung-Jun Kwon. Total Repair Cost Simulation Considering Multiple Probabilistic Measures and Service Life. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2350 .

AMA Style

Yong-Sik Yoon, Yong-Han Ahn, Xiao-Yong Wang, Seung-Jun Kwon. Total Repair Cost Simulation Considering Multiple Probabilistic Measures and Service Life. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):2350.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yong-Sik Yoon; Yong-Han Ahn; Xiao-Yong Wang; Seung-Jun Kwon. 2021. "Total Repair Cost Simulation Considering Multiple Probabilistic Measures and Service Life." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 2350.

Journal article
Published: 17 September 2020 in Journal of Building Engineering
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Carbonation is a typical deterioration phenomenon which accelerates steel corrosion through pH drop in pore water by intrusion of external carbon dioxide (CO2). Many researches have been performed on carbonation process considering carbonic reaction, mixture conditions, and exterior conditions. Recently probabilistic approaches have been adopted for considering engineering uncertainties such as complicated material behavior, simple evaluation system, and limited sample numbers. In the study, the service life variation was evaluated considering several effects of induced tensile stress level, cold joint, and GGBFS (Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag) through probabilistic approach. Utilizing the previous test results, the effect of loading conditions on carbonation depth was investigated. Four design parameters like cover depth, exterior CO2 concentration, carbonatable material, and CO2 diffusion coefficient were assumed as random variables for probability analysis. Through MCS (Monte Carlo Simulation) with normal distributions and intended PDF (Probability of Durability Failure) of 10 %, variations of service life were simulated for the RC structure under loading conditions. The effects of COVs (Coefficient of Variation) for design parameters were also simulated. The comparisons of the predicted service life from the probabilistic and deterministic methods were quantitatively discussed, and the safety index with service life was also investigated. The results of this study can provide useful information on maintenance priority and service life evaluation for RC structures containing cold joint subjected to tensile stress.

ACS Style

Yong-Sik Yoon; Keun-Hyeok Yang; Seung-Jun Kwon. Service life of GGBFS concrete under carbonation through probabilistic method considering cold joint and tensile stress. Journal of Building Engineering 2020, 32, 101826 .

AMA Style

Yong-Sik Yoon, Keun-Hyeok Yang, Seung-Jun Kwon. Service life of GGBFS concrete under carbonation through probabilistic method considering cold joint and tensile stress. Journal of Building Engineering. 2020; 32 ():101826.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yong-Sik Yoon; Keun-Hyeok Yang; Seung-Jun Kwon. 2020. "Service life of GGBFS concrete under carbonation through probabilistic method considering cold joint and tensile stress." Journal of Building Engineering 32, no. : 101826.

Journal article
Published: 12 May 2020 in Construction and Building Materials
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RC (reinforced concrete) structures are durable and have a long service life. However, corrosion in embedded steel due to chloride ingress causes durability problems, and this poses a threat to structural performance degradation. The repair cost is very important for the maintenance of RC structures, through which the service life can be extended with reasonable performances. Unlike the conventional deterministic evaluation used to determine repair cost, the probabilistic method can provide a more reasonable result that considers various engineering uncertainties and continuous repair cost. In this paper, the repair cost for an apartment near the seashore was evaluated based on the actual concrete mix proportions and repair unit cost. Two patterns of PSLF (probabilistic service life function) using normal distribution and log distribution were considered for the repair cost evaluation. This was done after the derivation of service life was calculated based on two mix proportions. Within a given service life, various repair costs were evaluated and discussed that considered concrete mix proportions, the pattern of PSLF, and conventional techniques.

ACS Style

Keun-Hyeok Yang; Hee-Seob Lim; Seung-Jun Kwon; Joo-Hyung Kim. Repair cost estimation techniques for reinforced concrete structures located at the seashore: Considering various probabilistic service life functions and actual mix proportions. Construction and Building Materials 2020, 256, 119469 .

AMA Style

Keun-Hyeok Yang, Hee-Seob Lim, Seung-Jun Kwon, Joo-Hyung Kim. Repair cost estimation techniques for reinforced concrete structures located at the seashore: Considering various probabilistic service life functions and actual mix proportions. Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 256 ():119469.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Keun-Hyeok Yang; Hee-Seob Lim; Seung-Jun Kwon; Joo-Hyung Kim. 2020. "Repair cost estimation techniques for reinforced concrete structures located at the seashore: Considering various probabilistic service life functions and actual mix proportions." Construction and Building Materials 256, no. : 119469.

Journal article
Published: 26 March 2020 in Materials
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The service life of concretes exposed to sulfate decreases as the concrete body expands due to the formation of gypsum and ettringite. Bacteria-based repair coating layers, which have been studied lately, are aerobic and very effective on the sulfate attack. In this study, bio-slime repair coating layers were fabricated using bacteria, and chloride diffusion experiments were performed. In addition, the service life of concrete under sulfate attack was evaluated using time-dependent diffusivity and a multi-layer technique. Chloride diffusivity was compared with sulfate diffusivity based on literature review, and the results were used to consider the reduction in the diffusion coefficient. In the analysis results, the service life of concrete was evaluated to be 38.5 years without bio-slime coating layer, but it was increased to 41.5–54.3 years using it. In addition, when the thickness of the bio-slime coating layer is 2.0 mm, the service life can be increased by 1.31–2.15 times if the sulfate diffusion coefficient of the layer is controlled at a level of 0.1 ~ 0.3 × 10−12 m2/s. Eco-friendly and aerobic bio-slime coating layers are expected to effectively resist sulfate under appropriate construction conditions.

ACS Style

Keun-Hyeok Yang; Hee-Seob Lim; Seung-Jun Kwon. Effective Bio-Slime Coating Technique for Concrete Surfaces under Sulfate Attack. Materials 2020, 13, 1512 .

AMA Style

Keun-Hyeok Yang, Hee-Seob Lim, Seung-Jun Kwon. Effective Bio-Slime Coating Technique for Concrete Surfaces under Sulfate Attack. Materials. 2020; 13 (7):1512.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Keun-Hyeok Yang; Hee-Seob Lim; Seung-Jun Kwon. 2020. "Effective Bio-Slime Coating Technique for Concrete Surfaces under Sulfate Attack." Materials 13, no. 7: 1512.

Journal article
Published: 17 January 2020 in Materials
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Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) conventionally has been incorporated with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) owing to reduce the environmental load and enhance the engineering performance. Concrete with GGBFS shows different strength development of normal concrete, but sensitive, to exterior condition. Thus, a precise strength evaluation technique based on a quantitative model like full maturity model is required. Many studies have been performed on strength development of the concrete using equivalent age which is based on the apparent activation energy. In this process, it considers the effect of time and temperature simultaneously. However, the previous models on the apparent activation energy of concrete with mineral admixtures have limitation, and they have not considered the effect of temperature on strength development. In this paper, the apparent activation energy with GGBFS replacement ratio was calculated through several experiments and used to predict the compressive strength of GGBFS concrete. Concrete and mortar specimens with 0.6 water/binder ratio, and 0 to 60% GGBFS replacement were prepared. The apparent activation energy (Ea) was experimentally derived considering three different curing temperatures. Thermodynamic reactivity of GGBFS mixed concrete at different curing temperature was applied to evaluate the compressive strength model, and the experimental results were in good agreement with the model. The results show that when GGBFS replacement ratio was increased, there was a delay in compressive strength.

ACS Style

Hyun-Min Yang; Seung-Jun Kwon; Nosang Vincent Myung; Jitendra Kumar Singh; Han-Seung Lee; Soumen Mandal. Evaluation of Strength Development in Concrete with Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Using Apparent Activation Energy. Materials 2020, 13, 442 .

AMA Style

Hyun-Min Yang, Seung-Jun Kwon, Nosang Vincent Myung, Jitendra Kumar Singh, Han-Seung Lee, Soumen Mandal. Evaluation of Strength Development in Concrete with Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Using Apparent Activation Energy. Materials. 2020; 13 (2):442.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hyun-Min Yang; Seung-Jun Kwon; Nosang Vincent Myung; Jitendra Kumar Singh; Han-Seung Lee; Soumen Mandal. 2020. "Evaluation of Strength Development in Concrete with Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Using Apparent Activation Energy." Materials 13, no. 2: 442.

Research article
Published: 11 June 2019 in Advances in Civil Engineering
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As abundant CO2 is released by high-strength concrete due to its high binder content, the reduction of CO2 emissions has become increasingly important. This study proposed a general procedure to optimize the mixture design of low-CO2 high-strength concrete containing silica fume. First, the equations for evaluating strength and slump were regressed based on available experimental results. CO2 emissions were calculated based on the concrete mixtures and the unit CO2 emissions of the concrete components. By using the genetic algorithm, the concrete mixtures with the lowest CO2 emissions were determined by considering various constraints. Second, the cost of concrete was calculated based on the concrete mixtures and the unit cost of the concrete components. Similarly, the concrete mixtures with the lowest cost were determined based on the genetic algorithm. We found that, in some cases, the mixtures with the lowest CO2 emissions were different from those with the lowest cost. Third, through adding the constraint equation of cost, Pareto optimal mixtures with relatively lower CO2 emissions and lower cost were determined. In summary, the proposed technique is valuable for designing high-strength concrete considering both CO2 emissions and cost.

ACS Style

Seung-Jun Kwon; Xiao-Yong Wang. Optimization of the Mixture Design of Low-CO2 High-Strength Concrete Containing Silica Fume. Advances in Civil Engineering 2019, 2019, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Seung-Jun Kwon, Xiao-Yong Wang. Optimization of the Mixture Design of Low-CO2 High-Strength Concrete Containing Silica Fume. Advances in Civil Engineering. 2019; 2019 ():1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Seung-Jun Kwon; Xiao-Yong Wang. 2019. "Optimization of the Mixture Design of Low-CO2 High-Strength Concrete Containing Silica Fume." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019, no. : 1-9.

Journal article
Published: 11 December 2018 in Construction and Building Materials
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This paper proposes an integrated concrete surface treatment with surface enhancement via silicate impregnation and surface spraying with TiO2 (a photocatalyst). In this work, two types of silicate-based materials, sodium alumina silicate (SAS) and colloidal silica (COS) were used. Various tests were carried out to characterize the silicate properties and engineering performance of the impregnated concrete. In addition, the purification performance in concrete sprayed with TiO2 was investigated. Concrete impregnated with silicate and sprayed with TiO2 showed an improvement in the durability and mechanical performance because of the addition of the CSH gel and TiO2 barrier. After impregnation, the TiO2 applied by spraying retained good performance for the removal of acetaldehyde and methyl orange.

ACS Style

Hyeok-Jung Kim; Yong-Sik Yoon; Keun-Hyeok Yang; Seung-Jun Kwon. Durability and purification performance of concrete impregnated with silicate and sprayed with photocatalytic TiO2. Construction and Building Materials 2018, 199, 106 -114.

AMA Style

Hyeok-Jung Kim, Yong-Sik Yoon, Keun-Hyeok Yang, Seung-Jun Kwon. Durability and purification performance of concrete impregnated with silicate and sprayed with photocatalytic TiO2. Construction and Building Materials. 2018; 199 ():106-114.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hyeok-Jung Kim; Yong-Sik Yoon; Keun-Hyeok Yang; Seung-Jun Kwon. 2018. "Durability and purification performance of concrete impregnated with silicate and sprayed with photocatalytic TiO2." Construction and Building Materials 199, no. : 106-114.

Journal article
Published: 11 August 2018 in Construction and Building Materials
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Pre-stressed Concrete (PSC) has various engineering advantages like reduction of dead load, enhancement of shear strength, and reducing crack, however tendon corrosion in grout caused by deficient grout and intrusion of chlorides causes a tendon break and the related structural problems. It is important to understand the corrosion pattern varying with grout properties and placement conditions. In the work, TG (Tendon-Grout) systems are prepared considering grout quality, bleeding, tendon location, and crack width. In order to evaluate corrosion pattern in TG systems in a short period, ICM (Impressed Current Method) is adopted for corrosion acceleration for 2 and 4 days of duration. For two types of grout (conventional one and improved grout with reduced water to cement ratio and silica fume), corrosion current and its amounts are evaluated for various conditions. In the TG system with crack, corrosion greatly increases with extension of test duration for both types of grout since crack width on grout is a main channel for ion intrusion. In spite of crack effect, improved grout has better resistance to corrosion considering crack and bleeding condition. When TG system has eccentricity of tendon with small cover depth, no significant differences between conventional and improved grout are measured since cover depth is too small to protect chlorides from outside. Various effects like bleeding, crack, tendon location, and grout quality are discussed in the work. The improved properties in IG like porosity, strength, absorption ratio, and expansion rate are also investigated.

ACS Style

Yoon Yong-Sik; Ryu Hwa-Sung; Lim Hee-Seob; Koh Kyung-Taek; Kim Jeong-Su; Kwon Seung-Jun. Effect of grout conditions and tendon location on corrosion pattern in PS tendon in grout. Construction and Building Materials 2018, 186, 1005 -1015.

AMA Style

Yoon Yong-Sik, Ryu Hwa-Sung, Lim Hee-Seob, Koh Kyung-Taek, Kim Jeong-Su, Kwon Seung-Jun. Effect of grout conditions and tendon location on corrosion pattern in PS tendon in grout. Construction and Building Materials. 2018; 186 ():1005-1015.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yoon Yong-Sik; Ryu Hwa-Sung; Lim Hee-Seob; Koh Kyung-Taek; Kim Jeong-Su; Kwon Seung-Jun. 2018. "Effect of grout conditions and tendon location on corrosion pattern in PS tendon in grout." Construction and Building Materials 186, no. : 1005-1015.

Research article
Published: 24 July 2018 in Advances in Materials Science and Engineering
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This study examined the reliability and limitations of code equations for determining the shear friction strength of a concrete interface with construction joints. This was achieved by examining the code equations (ACI 318-14, AASHTO, and fib 2010) and comparing the results predicted by equations with experimental data compiled from 207 push-off specimens (133 rough and 74 smooth construction joints). The integrated mechanical model for the monolithic interface, derived from the upper-bound theorem of concrete plasticity, was also modified to estimate the shear friction strength of the construction joints. The upper limit for shear friction strength was formulated from a concrete crushing failure limit on the strut-and-tie action along the interfacial plane, to avoid overestimating the shear transfer capacity of transverse reinforcement with a high clamping force. Code equations are highly conservative and dispersive in predicting the shear friction strength of rough construction joints and yield large scattering in the data for the ratios between the measured and predicted shear friction strengths. The predictions obtained using the proposed model agreed well with test results, indicating correlating trends with the test results for evaluating the effects of various parameters on the shear friction strength of rough construction joints. According to the proposed model, the values of cohesion and coefficient of friction for concrete could be determined as 0.11 fc′0.65 and 0.64, respectively, for smooth construction joints and 0.27 fc′0.65 and 0.95, respectively, for rough construction joints, where fc′ is the compressive strength of concrete.

ACS Style

Seung-Jun Kwon; Keun-Hyeok Yang; Ju-Hyun Mun. Mechanical Model for Shear Friction Capacity of Concrete at Construction Joints. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018, 2018, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Seung-Jun Kwon, Keun-Hyeok Yang, Ju-Hyun Mun. Mechanical Model for Shear Friction Capacity of Concrete at Construction Joints. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. 2018; 2018 ():1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Seung-Jun Kwon; Keun-Hyeok Yang; Ju-Hyun Mun. 2018. "Mechanical Model for Shear Friction Capacity of Concrete at Construction Joints." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018, no. : 1-12.

Journal article
Published: 22 February 2018 in International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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Chloride attack is one of the most critical deterioration due to rapid corrosion initiation and propagation which can cause structural safety problem. Extended service life through repairing is very important for determination of maintenance strategy. Conventionally adopted models for estimation of life cycle cost have shown step-shaped elevation of cost, however the extension of service life is much affected by quality of construction and repairing materials, which means engineering uncertainties in residual service life. In the paper, reinforced concrete column with three different mix proportions exposed to chloride attack are considered, and repairing numbers with related costs are evaluated through probabilistic technique for maintenance. With a given exposure condition, service lives with normal probabilistic distribution are considered, and the effect of design parameters such as coefficient of variation of service life and 1st repairing timing are investigated. The comparison of results from conventional approach (step-function) and probabilistic approach are performed. When calculating repair frequency for intended service life through probabilistic model, the required repair frequency is evaluated to be 6.71 times for OPC, 4.09 times for SG30, and 2.95 times for SG50, respectively. The probabilistic model for repairing cost is evaluated to be effective for reducing the repair frequency reasonably with changing the intended service life and design parameters.

ACS Style

Sang-Hwa Jung; Hyun-Min Yang; Keun-Hyeok Yang; Seung-Jun Kwon. Maintenance for Repaired RC Column Exposed to Chloride Attack Based on Probability Distribution of Service Life. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials 2018, 12, 22 .

AMA Style

Sang-Hwa Jung, Hyun-Min Yang, Keun-Hyeok Yang, Seung-Jun Kwon. Maintenance for Repaired RC Column Exposed to Chloride Attack Based on Probability Distribution of Service Life. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials. 2018; 12 (1):22.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sang-Hwa Jung; Hyun-Min Yang; Keun-Hyeok Yang; Seung-Jun Kwon. 2018. "Maintenance for Repaired RC Column Exposed to Chloride Attack Based on Probability Distribution of Service Life." International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials 12, no. 1: 22.

Journal article
Published: 21 February 2018 in International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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Nuclear power plants are constructed very close to the marine environments for cooling water and the structures are more susceptible to chloride induced corrosion. Cracking in RC structures in mass concrete is unavoidable when they are exposed to chloride contaminated chemical environments. This study is focused on the evaluation of crack and time effect on chloride diffusion rate. Two types of concrete strength grade were taken for nuclear power plant construction and the crack was induced with varying from 0.05 to 1.35 mm of width. The tests for chloride diffusion coefficients from steady-state condition were performed. The influence of crack width on the chloride transmission behavior was discussed and analyzed over an exposure period to one year. The diffusion coefficients due to growing crack width increase in crack width but they decrease with increasing curing period, which yields 57.8–61.6% reduction at the age of 180 days and 21.5–26.6% of reduction at 365 days. Through the parameters of age and crack width which are obtained from regression analysis, the evaluation technique which can consider the effect of crack and time on diffusion is proposed for nuclear power plant concrete.

ACS Style

Sang-Hwa Jung; Hwa-Sung Ryu; Subbiah Karthick; Seung-Jun Kwon. Time and Crack Effect on Chloride Diffusion for Concrete with Fly Ash. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials 2018, 12, 14 .

AMA Style

Sang-Hwa Jung, Hwa-Sung Ryu, Subbiah Karthick, Seung-Jun Kwon. Time and Crack Effect on Chloride Diffusion for Concrete with Fly Ash. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials. 2018; 12 (1):14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sang-Hwa Jung; Hwa-Sung Ryu; Subbiah Karthick; Seung-Jun Kwon. 2018. "Time and Crack Effect on Chloride Diffusion for Concrete with Fly Ash." International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials 12, no. 1: 14.

Journal article
Published: 21 February 2018 in International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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Industrial wastes and recycled materials are being utilized in the construction industry for preserving the environment, saving of materials, and enhancing durability of the construction material. Blending of cement with supplementary cementitious materials like fly ash, rice husk ash, and silica fume makes concrete more durable. The main objective of this study is to make use of the rice husk ash and lime powder (LP) as a replacement of Portland pozzolana cement considering various replacement levels. The engineering and durability performance in concrete with LP were performed through compressive strength and void measurement. The microstructure in the concrete with LP was characterized through XRD, SEM/EDS, and TG/DTA. Optimum replacement ratio for rice husk ash and LP were obtained through pozzolanic reaction based CSH formation.

ACS Style

Sang-Hwa Jung; Velu Saraswathy; Subbiah Karthick; Palanivel Kathirvel; Seung-Jun Kwon. Microstructure Characteristics of Fly Ash Concrete with Rice Husk Ash and Lime Stone Powder. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials 2018, 12, 17 .

AMA Style

Sang-Hwa Jung, Velu Saraswathy, Subbiah Karthick, Palanivel Kathirvel, Seung-Jun Kwon. Microstructure Characteristics of Fly Ash Concrete with Rice Husk Ash and Lime Stone Powder. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials. 2018; 12 (1):17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sang-Hwa Jung; Velu Saraswathy; Subbiah Karthick; Palanivel Kathirvel; Seung-Jun Kwon. 2018. "Microstructure Characteristics of Fly Ash Concrete with Rice Husk Ash and Lime Stone Powder." International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials 12, no. 1: 17.

Research article
Published: 21 January 2018 in Advances in Materials Science and Engineering
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Prestressed concrete beams of size 150 × 150 × 1000 mm were designed, and two bonded cold-drawn 7 mm steel wires were stressed at 70% UTS under service conditions before concreting. The beams were cast with M40 grade concrete mix with various percentages of chlorides ranging from 0, 1, 2, and 3% by weight of cement and cured for 28 days. After 28 days, the stretching forces were released, the prestressing steel wire was allowed to regain its original length, the tensile stresses were transformed into a compressive stress in the concrete, and the stress corrosion behavior was assessed. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is due to the simultaneous action of stress, corrosive media, and material properties. The stress corrosion behavior of ungrouted pretensioned steel was assessed by using various electrochemical techniques such as electrochemical noise, open-circuit potential measurement, AC impedance, and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The same experiments were conducted for rebars embedded in the concrete beam with various percentages of chlorides ranging from 0, 1, 2, and 3% by weight of chloride. After 30 days of exposure, the beams were tested for their flexural strength measurements to find out the load-bearing capacity.

ACS Style

Velu Saraswathy; Han-Seung Lee; Subbiah Karthick; Seung-Jun Kwon. Stress Corrosion Behavior of Ungrouted Pretensioned Concrete Beams. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018, 2018, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Velu Saraswathy, Han-Seung Lee, Subbiah Karthick, Seung-Jun Kwon. Stress Corrosion Behavior of Ungrouted Pretensioned Concrete Beams. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. 2018; 2018 ():1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Velu Saraswathy; Han-Seung Lee; Subbiah Karthick; Seung-Jun Kwon. 2018. "Stress Corrosion Behavior of Ungrouted Pretensioned Concrete Beams." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018, no. : 1-11.

Research article
Published: 04 October 2017 in Advances in Materials Science and Engineering
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The relative performances of mechanical, permeability, and corrosion resistance properties of different concrete types were compared. Concrete types were made from ordinary Portland cement (OPC), Portland pozzolana cement (PPC), and Portland slag cement (PSC). Compressive strength test, effective porosity test, coefficient of water absorption, short-term accelerated impressed voltage test, and rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT) were conducted on M30 and M40 grades of concrete designed with OPC, PPC, and PSC cements for 28- and 90-day cured concrete types. Long-term studies such as microcell and electrochemical evaluation were carried out to understand the corrosion behaviour of rebar embedded in different concrete types. Better corrosion resistant properties were observed for PSC concrete by showing a minimum current flow, lowest free chloride contents, and lesser porosity. Besides, PSC concrete has shown less coefficient of water absorption, chloride diffusion coefficient (CDC), and lower corrosion rate and thereby the time taken for initiation of crack extended.

ACS Style

Velu Saraswathy; Subbiah Karthick; Han Seung Lee; Seung-Jun Kwon; Hyun-Min Yang. Comparative Study of Strength and Corrosion Resistant Properties of Plain and Blended Cement Concrete Types. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017, 2017, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Velu Saraswathy, Subbiah Karthick, Han Seung Lee, Seung-Jun Kwon, Hyun-Min Yang. Comparative Study of Strength and Corrosion Resistant Properties of Plain and Blended Cement Concrete Types. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. 2017; 2017 ():1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Velu Saraswathy; Subbiah Karthick; Han Seung Lee; Seung-Jun Kwon; Hyun-Min Yang. 2017. "Comparative Study of Strength and Corrosion Resistant Properties of Plain and Blended Cement Concrete Types." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017, no. : 1-14.

Research article
Published: 23 May 2017 in Advances in Materials Science and Engineering
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Corrosion occurs more rapidly under high tensile stress and this leads to several problems like degradation of serviceability and structural performance in PSC (prestressed concrete) structures. In this paper, impressed current method, so-called ICM, was applied to tendons under tensile loadings of 0.0, 20.0, 40.0, and 60.0% of ultimate load. With induction of 20 volts for 24 hours to tendon under tensile stress, loading was induced to failure and the ultimate load was evaluated with varying corrosion behaviors. The changing mechanical behaviors in the same corrosive conditions were evaluated under different initial prestressing levels. With increasing initial prestressing load, corrosion occurred more rapidly and corrosion amount also increased linearly. The ultimate load accordingly decreased with increasing initial prestressing and corrosion amount. The relationships between prestressing levels and corrosion behaviors were quantitatively obtained through regression analysis. The measured current during applied voltage and the related corrosion amounts were also dealt with in this work.

ACS Style

Bang-Yeon Lee; K. T. Koh; M. A. Ismail; Hwa-Sung Ryu; S. J. Kwon. Corrosion and Strength Behaviors in Prestressed Tendon under Various Tensile Stress and Impressed Current Conditions. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017, 2017, 1 -7.

AMA Style

Bang-Yeon Lee, K. T. Koh, M. A. Ismail, Hwa-Sung Ryu, S. J. Kwon. Corrosion and Strength Behaviors in Prestressed Tendon under Various Tensile Stress and Impressed Current Conditions. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. 2017; 2017 ():1-7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bang-Yeon Lee; K. T. Koh; M. A. Ismail; Hwa-Sung Ryu; S. J. Kwon. 2017. "Corrosion and Strength Behaviors in Prestressed Tendon under Various Tensile Stress and Impressed Current Conditions." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017, no. : 1-7.

Journal article
Published: 10 March 2017 in Sustainability
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Concrete is considered to be a construction material with high durability and excellent fire resistance. However, degradation occurs, leading to structural safety problems and expensive maintenance costs. Currently, durability design and its concepts are provided in the concrete specifications and structural design codes in many countries, but they vary in terms of the design methodologies and users’ demands. Reinforced concrete (RC) structures based on a reasonable durability design with a quantitative procedure can prevent unnecessary maintenance expenses and reduce environmental loads. This paper presents the current trends of durability design in South Korea and government support for infrastructure. In this work, the two representative durability design philosophies (deterministic and probabilistic approaches) are briefly summarized, and the current guidelines and related requirements for durability design in several countries are investigated. Durability design is now changing from simple material requirement control to performance-based design with quantitative parameters considering various exposure classifications and evaluation processes. RC structures based on reasonable durability design can make a great contribution to reducing maintenance costs and environmental effects like CO2 emissions.

ACS Style

Seung-Jun Kwon. Current Trends of Durability Design and Government Support in South Korea: Chloride Attack. Sustainability 2017, 9, 417 .

AMA Style

Seung-Jun Kwon. Current Trends of Durability Design and Government Support in South Korea: Chloride Attack. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (3):417.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Seung-Jun Kwon. 2017. "Current Trends of Durability Design and Government Support in South Korea: Chloride Attack." Sustainability 9, no. 3: 417.

Research article
Published: 08 March 2017 in Advances in Materials Science and Engineering
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The significance of concrete durability increases since RC (Reinforced Concrete) structures undergo degradation due to aggressive environmental conditions, which affects structural safety and serviceability. Steel corrosion is the major cause for the unexpected failure of RC structures. The main cause for the corrosion initiation is the ingress of chloride ions prevailing in the environment. Hence quantitative evaluation of chloride diffusion becomes very important to obtain a chloride diffusion coefficient and resistance to chloride ion intrusion. In the present investigation, 15 mix proportions with 3 water-to-binder ratios (0.37, 0.42, and 0.47) and 3 replacement ratios (0, 30, and 50%) were prepared for HPC (high-performance concrete) with fly-ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag. Chloride diffusion coefficient was measured under nonstationary condition. In order to evaluate the microstructure characteristics, porosity through MIP was also measured. The results of compressive strength, chloride diffusion, and porosity are compared with electrical charges. This paper deals with the results of the concrete samples exposed for only 2 months, but it is a part of the total test plan for 100 years. From the work, time-dependent diffusion coefficients in HPC and the key parameters for durability design are proposed.

ACS Style

Seung-Yup Jang; Subbiah Karthick; Seung-Jun Kwon. Investigation on Durability Performance in Early Aged High-Performance Concrete Containing GGBFS and FA. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017, 2017, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Seung-Yup Jang, Subbiah Karthick, Seung-Jun Kwon. Investigation on Durability Performance in Early Aged High-Performance Concrete Containing GGBFS and FA. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. 2017; 2017 ():1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Seung-Yup Jang; Subbiah Karthick; Seung-Jun Kwon. 2017. "Investigation on Durability Performance in Early Aged High-Performance Concrete Containing GGBFS and FA." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017, no. : 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 15 February 2017 in Sustainability
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Chloride attack is considered one of the most threatening deterioration mechanisms in concrete. Any cracks or other imperfections on the surface open up additional routes for chloride intrusion. This paper develops existing anisotropic (1-D) and isotropic (2-D) models for chloride diffusion in concrete with cracks by considering the crack shape and roughness. In order to verify the proposed model, concrete samples with crack widths from 0.0 to 0.4 mm were prepared and the chloride diffusion coefficients under steady-state conditions evaluated. The proposed model for a wedge-shaped model with roughness reduced chloride diffusion and provided more reasonable results than previous models based on rectangular shaped cracks with no roughness, which have tended to overestimate the effect. Our results revealed that including roughness in the model produced a 10%–20% reduction in chloride diffusion.

ACS Style

Keun-Hyeok Yang; Jitendra Kumar Singh; Bang-Yeon Lee; Seung-Jun Kwon. Simple Technique for Tracking Chloride Penetration in Concrete Based on the Crack Shape and Width under Steady-State Conditions. Sustainability 2017, 9, 282 .

AMA Style

Keun-Hyeok Yang, Jitendra Kumar Singh, Bang-Yeon Lee, Seung-Jun Kwon. Simple Technique for Tracking Chloride Penetration in Concrete Based on the Crack Shape and Width under Steady-State Conditions. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (2):282.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Keun-Hyeok Yang; Jitendra Kumar Singh; Bang-Yeon Lee; Seung-Jun Kwon. 2017. "Simple Technique for Tracking Chloride Penetration in Concrete Based on the Crack Shape and Width under Steady-State Conditions." Sustainability 9, no. 2: 282.