Due to the capabilities of non-destructive testing of inaccessible objects, GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) is used in geology, archeology, forensics and increasingly also in engineering tasks. The wide range of applications of the GPR method has been provided by the use of advanced technological solutions by equipment manufacturers, including multi-channel units. The acquisition of data along several profiles simultaneously allows time to be saved and quasi-continuous information to be collected about the subsurface situation. One of the most important aspects of data acquisition systems, including GPR, is the appropriate methodology and accuracy of the geoposition. This publication aims to discuss the results of GPR measurements carried out using the multi-channel Leica Stream C GPR (IDS GeoRadar Srl, Pisa, Italy). The significant results of the test measurement were presented the idea of which was to determine the achievable accuracy depending on the georeferencing method using a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receiver, also supported by time synchronization PPS (Pulse Per Second) and a total station. Methodology optimization was also an important aspect of the discussed issue, i.e., the effect of dynamic changes in motion trajectory on the positioning accuracy of echograms and their vectorization products was also examined. The standard algorithms developed for the dedicated software were used for post-processing of the coordinates and filtration of echograms, while the vectorization was done manually. The obtained results provided the basis for the confrontation of the material collected in urban conditions with the available cartographic data in terms of the possibility of verifying the actual location of underground utilities. The urban character of the area limited the possibility of the movement of Leica Stream C due to the large size of the instrument, however, it created the opportunity for additional analyses, including the accuracy of different location variants around high-rise buildings or the agreement of the amplitude distribution at the intersection of perpendicular profiles.

This article describes a case of using remote sensing during a static load test of a large bridge, which, because of its location, belongs to a critical city infrastructure. The bridge in question is the longest tram flyover in Poland. This is an extradosed-type concrete structure. It conducts a long tram line over 21 other active lines of an important railway station in the center of Cracow. The diagnostic of such bridges involving the load test method is difficult. Traditional, contact measurements of span displacements are not enough anymore. In such cases, remote sensing becomes an indispensable solution. This publication presents an example of using the close-range radar remote sensing technique of ground-based radar interferometry. However, the cross-sections of the huge bridge were observed using several methods. The aim was to confirm the conditions and efficiency of radar displacement measurements. They were therefore traditional contact measurements using mechanic sensors conducted, if possible, to the bottom of the span, for precise leveling and measurement using electronic total station. Comparing the results as well as the discussion held demonstrated the fundamental advantages of remote sensing methods over the other more traditional techniques.

Effective placement and compaction of the concrete mixture within the spans of prestressed bridges are essential for the proper anchoring and prestressing of tendons. The high density of reinforcement and location of the cable ducts present significant challenges, increasing the risk of void formation and structural irregularities, which can lead to failures during the prestressing process. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) emerges as a pivotal non-destructive testing method for diagnosing such complex prestressed structures. Utilizing high-frequency electromagnetic waves, GPR accurately detects and maps anomalies within hardened concrete, enabling precise identification of defect locations and their dimensions. The detailed imaging provided by GPR facilitates the development of targeted repair strategies and allows for the exclusion of concrete voids through selective invasive inspections in designated boreholes. This study presents the use of GPR for the investigation of anomalies and damage in prestressing tendons of a newly built concrete bridge. It underscores the critical role of GPR in enhancing the diagnostic and maintenance programs for prestressed bridge structures, thereby improving their overall integrity and longevity.

Ground-based radar interferometry (GBSAR) is a useful method to control the stability of engineering objects and elements of geographical spaces at risk of deformation or displacement. To secure accurate and credible measurement results, it is crucial to consider atmospheric conditions as they influence the corrections to distance measurements. These conditions are especially important considering the radar bandwidth used. Measurements for the stability of engineering objects are not always performed in locations where meteorological monitoring is prevalent; however, information about the range of variability in atmospheric corrections is always welcome. The authors present a hybrid method to estimate the probable need of atmospheric corrections, which allows partly eliminating false positive alarms of deformations as caused by atmospheric fluctuations. Unlike the numerous publications on atmospheric reductions focused on the current state of the atmosphere, the proposed solution is based on applying a classic machine learning algorithm designed for the SARIMAX (Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with covariate at time) time series data model for satellite data shared by NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) during the Landsat MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) mission before performing residual estimation during the monitoring phase. Example calculations (proof of concept) were made for ten-year satellite data covering a region for experimental flood bank stability observations as performed using the IBIS-L (Image by Interferometric Survey—Landslide) radar and for target monitoring data (ground measurements).

Effective placement and compaction of the concrete mixture within the spans of prestressed bridges are essential for the proper anchoring and prestressing of tendons. High density of reinforcement and location of the cable ducts present significant challenges, increasing the risk of void formation and structural irregularities, which can lead to failures during the prestressing process. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) emerges as a pivotal non-destructive testing method for diagnosing such complex prestressed structures. Utilizing high-frequency electromagnetic waves, GPR accurately detects and maps anomalies within hardened concrete, enabling precise identification of defect locations and their dimensions. The detailed imaging provided by GPR facilitates the development of targeted repair strategies and allows for the exclusion of concrete voids through selective invasive inspections in designated boreholes. This study presents the use of GPR for the investigation of anomalies and damage in prestressing tendons of a newly built concrete bridge. It underscores the critical role of GPR in enhancing the diagnostic and maintenance programs for prestressed bridge structures, thereby improving their overall integrity and longevity.