In recent years, there has been a proliferation of studies focusing on sustainable energy sources aimed at delivering reliable power with reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Among these endeavors, electrification of urban areas through incorporation of renewable energy sources (RESs) stands out as a pivotal application of RES. Increasingly, the integration of RESs like PV and wind into the power grid is being pursued as an alternative to traditional centralized power stations, offering a means to ensure continuous power supply during peak demand periods while simultaneously managing unit costs, thereby providing a systematic and readily accessible power supply to consumers. This paper presents a comprehensive examination of hybrid wind and PV with focus on achieving consistent DC bus-bar voltage through integration with microcontroller system via buck-boost converter. Additionally, hybrid system’s output voltage is tailored to accommodate necessary battery connections. However, given influence of environmental variables like fluctuations in solar irradiation and wind velocity on power output of PV and wind seamless integration of these sources becomes paramount. To address this challenge MATLAB model is developed to simulate grid integration of hybrid wind and PV, enabling a detailed analysis of integrated grid’s performance. Simulation results are then proposed with those obtained from conventional fossil fuel-based power generation methods. In this research underscores importance of integrating RES into existing power grids and highlights efficacy of hybrid wind and PV in meeting this objective. Findings presented herein contribute to advancing discourse on sustainable energy solutions, offering valuable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers.

Thermal performance of energy conversion systems is one of the most important goals to improve the system’s efficiency. Such thermal performance is strongly dependent on the thermophysical features of the applied fluids used in energy conversion systems. Thermal conductivity, specific heat in addition to dynamic viscosity are the properties that dramatically affect heat transfer characteristics. These features of hybrid nanofluids, as promising heat transfer fluids, are influenced by different constituents, including volume fraction, size of solid parts and temperature. In this article, the mentioned features of the nanofluids with hybrid nanostructures and the proposed models for these properties are reviewed. It is concluded that the increase in the volume fraction of solids causes improvement in thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity, while the trend of variations in the specific heat depends on the base fluid. In addition, the increase in temperature increases the thermal conductivity while it decreases the dynamic viscosity. Moreover, as stated by the reviewed works, different approaches have applicability for modeling these properties with high accuracy, while intelligent algorithms, including artificial neural networks, are able to reach a higher precision compared with the correlations. In addition to the used method, some other factors, such as the model architecture, influence the reliability and exactness of the proposed models.

In this article, a qualitative analysis of the mathematical model of novel corona virus named COVID‐19 under nonsingular derivative of fractional order is considered. The concerned model is composed of two compartments, namely, healthy and infected. Under the new nonsingular derivative, we, first of all, establish some sufficient conditions for existence and uniqueness of solution to the model under consideration. Because of the dynamics of the phenomenon when described by a mathematical model, its existence must be guaranteed. Therefore, via using the classical fixed point theory, we establish the required results. Also, we present the results of stability of Ulam’s type by using the tools of nonlinear analysis. For the semianalytical results, we extend the usual Laplace transform coupled with Adomian decomposition method to obtain the approximate solutions for the corresponding compartments of the considered model. Finally, in order to support our study, graphical interpretations are provided to illustrate the results by using some numerical values for the corresponding parameters of the model.

This research paper conducts an extensive exploration of onshore, offshore, and floating offshore wind turbines, pivotal components in the landscape of sustainable energy generation. The study thoroughly investigates various wind energy systems, shedding light on their distinct attributes, advantages, and limitations. The examination of onshore wind turbines encompasses aspects such as installation procedures, size considerations, wind dynamics, accessibility challenges, and visual impact assessments. Similarly, the analysis of offshore wind turbines covers considerations such as location selection, installation complexities, size variations, wind conditions, environmental impacts, and visual aesthetics. The paper also delves into the emerging technology of floating offshore wind turbines, highlighting their unique features, advantages, and technological advancements. A thorough comparative examination is conducted to assess the economic, environmental, and social aspects of onshore, offshore, and floating offshore wind turbines. The research paper concludes by offering insights into policy considerations, addressing research gaps, and outlining prospects for the seamless integration and advancement of these diverse wind energy systems. This comprehensive review aspires to contribute to the existing knowledge base in sustainable energy generation, fostering informed decision-making for a greener and more sustainable future.