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Lijie Qin
Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China

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Research article
Published: 16 March 2021 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Rice production consumes more water than the production of other crop species due to the specific growth requirements of this species. Accurately accounting for water consumption during rice production and analyzing the spatio-temporal changes in water consumption are thus necessary. Using the water footprint (WF) as an indicator and combining data from multi-sources, this paper explored the regional differences in rice WFs in Jilin Province at a spatial resolution of 1 km. The results showed that the blue WF was always larger than the green WF, and the total, green and blue WFs were lowest during the humid year. The pixels with high values of total, green and blue WFs were mainly distributed in the eastern region of Jilin Province. Compared with the traditional estimation of the WF based on the data of administrative regions, RS techniques can overcome the administrative boundary and provide near real-time data concerning specific agricultural parameters to extract more accurate results for WF models. The combination of RS data and statistical, observational, and survey data can thus overcome the limitations of weather conditions affecting RS, reduce the incorporation of parameters, and estimate WFs quickly and accurately. This study provides a framework to evaluate crop WFs with multi-source data.

ACS Style

Bo Li; Lijie Qin; Jianqin Wang; Yongcai Dang; Hongshi He. Multi-source data-based spatial variations of blue and green water footprints for rice production in Jilin Province, China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Bo Li, Lijie Qin, Jianqin Wang, Yongcai Dang, Hongshi He. Multi-source data-based spatial variations of blue and green water footprints for rice production in Jilin Province, China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; ():1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bo Li; Lijie Qin; Jianqin Wang; Yongcai Dang; Hongshi He. 2021. "Multi-source data-based spatial variations of blue and green water footprints for rice production in Jilin Province, China." Environmental Science and Pollution Research , no. : 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 24 December 2020 in Water
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Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and freshwater scarcity are central environmental concerns that are closely linked to crop production. The carbon footprint (CF) and water footprint (WF) of a crop can reflect the effects of crop production on GHG emissions and water use (WU), respectively. Studying the CFs and WFs associated with crop production will be conducive to understanding the environmental changes caused by agricultural activities, and exploring the relationship between CFs and WFs can provide a basis for strategies that reduce environmental pressures. We estimated the CF and WF of maize production in Jilin Province from 2004 to 2017 and analyzed their spatiotemporal characteristics. The results showed that the average CF and WF were 0.177 kg CO2eq/kg and 0.806 m3/kg from 2004 to 2017, respectively; 69% of the GHG emissions were due to the manufacture; transportation and application of fertilizer; and 84% of the water use was attributed to the green WF. The relationship between the CF and WF of maize production was significantly positive and indicated the possibility of simultaneous mitigation. Potential practices such as the optimization of fertilization and of agricultural machinery use and the incorporation of no-till technologies with the straw return are recommended to mitigate both GHG emissions and water use and achieve triple-win agriculture with low carbon use and water and energy savings

ACS Style

Li Jia; Lijie Qin; Huiyun Zhang; Jianqin Wang; Bo Li; Yongcai Dang. Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Carbon and Water FootPrints of Maize Production in Jilin Province, China. Water 2020, 13, 17 .

AMA Style

Li Jia, Lijie Qin, Huiyun Zhang, Jianqin Wang, Bo Li, Yongcai Dang. Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Carbon and Water FootPrints of Maize Production in Jilin Province, China. Water. 2020; 13 (1):17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li Jia; Lijie Qin; Huiyun Zhang; Jianqin Wang; Bo Li; Yongcai Dang. 2020. "Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Carbon and Water FootPrints of Maize Production in Jilin Province, China." Water 13, no. 1: 17.

Journal article
Published: 25 August 2020 in Sustainability
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Water consumption ensures crop production and grain security, and is influenced by many factors. Analyzing the impact factors of water consumption during crop production will be beneficial to the full use of water resources and crop growth. Jilin Province is one of the major crop production areas in China and is facing water shortages. Using the water footprint as an indicator, this study evaluated the water consumption of crop production in Jilin Province during 2000–2016, explored the impacts of climatic and agricultural input factors on the water consumption of crop production, and identified the most influential factors in years under different levels of rainfall. The results indicate that the crop water footprint exhibited a decreasing trend during 2000–2016, and the most influential factors of the crop water footprint changed over the years with different levels of rainfall. Precipitation and the effective irrigation area were the most influential factors in the drought year, and accumulated temperature, machinery power, and chemical fertilizer consumption were the most influential factors in normal and humid years. The most influential factors of the crop water footprint differed in different regions with the differences in natural and human interfered conditions. Identifying the impacts of the most influential factors on the water consumption of crop production would be conducive to optimizing farmland management and achieving sustainable agricultural production.

ACS Style

Xiaoxue Zheng; Lijie Qin; Hongshi He. Impacts of Climatic and Agricultural Input Factors on the Water Footprint of Crop Production in Jilin Province, China. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6904 .

AMA Style

Xiaoxue Zheng, Lijie Qin, Hongshi He. Impacts of Climatic and Agricultural Input Factors on the Water Footprint of Crop Production in Jilin Province, China. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (17):6904.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaoxue Zheng; Lijie Qin; Hongshi He. 2020. "Impacts of Climatic and Agricultural Input Factors on the Water Footprint of Crop Production in Jilin Province, China." Sustainability 12, no. 17: 6904.

Journal article
Published: 29 October 2019 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Grey water footprints (GWFs) can be used as an indicator to describe the influence of diffuse pollution on water environments and identify major contaminants. To improve the calculation of GWF, we conducted a field experiment with combinations of different slopes and fertilizer types on maize production in the black soil region of China. The goals of this study were to determine the actual amount of water used to dilute the pollutants; to explore the changes in the GWF under different slopes and fertilization types; and to identify the most critical pollutants and determine if they are consistent with those identified in previous studies. The results showed that the average GWFs of maize production were much different in 2016 and 2017. The GWFs of the 5° plots were much larger than those of the 1° plots and 3° plots, and the GWFs of the mineral fertilizer plots were larger than those of the organic manure plots in most cases. The loss rates of total nitrogen (TN) in the mineral fertilizer plots and the organic manure plots were all 0.2% in 2016 and 2.7% and 3.1% in 2017, respectively, which was much lower than 10% as reported in most articles. The most frequent critical pollutant was total nitrogen (TN), while total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were also critical pollutants in some cases, which differed somewhat from the results of previous studies. The uneven annual distribution of rainfall led to large interannual differences in the size of the GWFs. Therefore, using field observations, pollutant loss from agricultural ecosystems could be determined in line with local conditions, which should provide a reference for relevant measures to control diffuse pollution.

ACS Style

Hongying Li; Yufei Wang; Lijie Qin; Hongshi He; Tianyu Zhang; Jianqin Wang; Xiaoxue Zheng. Effects of different slopes and fertilizer types on the grey water footprint of maize production in the black soil region of China. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 246, 119077 .

AMA Style

Hongying Li, Yufei Wang, Lijie Qin, Hongshi He, Tianyu Zhang, Jianqin Wang, Xiaoxue Zheng. Effects of different slopes and fertilizer types on the grey water footprint of maize production in the black soil region of China. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 246 ():119077.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hongying Li; Yufei Wang; Lijie Qin; Hongshi He; Tianyu Zhang; Jianqin Wang; Xiaoxue Zheng. 2019. "Effects of different slopes and fertilizer types on the grey water footprint of maize production in the black soil region of China." Journal of Cleaner Production 246, no. : 119077.

Journal article
Published: 27 October 2019 in Remote Sensing
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The Songnen Plain (SNP) is an important grain production base, and is designated as an ecological red-line as a protected area in China. Natural ecosystems such as the ecological protection barrier play an important role in maintaining the productivity and sustainability of farmland. Carbon use efficiency (CUE), defined as the ratio of net primary productivity (NPP) to gross primary productivity (GPP), represents the ecosystem capacity of transferring carbon from the atmosphere to terrestrial biomass. The understanding of the CUE of natural ecosystems in protected farmland areas is vital to predicting the impact of global change and human disturbances on carbon budgets and evaluating ecosystem functions. To date, the changes in CUE at different time scales and their relationships with climatic factors have yet to be fully understood. CUE and the response to land surface phenology are also deserving attention. In this study, variations in ecosystem CUE in the SNP during 2001–2015 were investigated using Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) GPP and NPP data products estimated using the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford approach (CASA) model. The relationships between CUE and phenological and climate factors were explored. The results showed that ecosystem CUE fluctuated over time in the SNP. The lowest and highest CUE values mainly occurred in May and October, respectively. At seasonal scale, average CUE followed a descending order of Autumn > Summer > Spring. The CUE of mixed forest was greater than that of other ecosystems at both monthly and seasonal scales. Land surface phenology plays an important role in the regulation of CUE. The earlier start (SOS), the later end (EOS) and longer length (LOS) of the growing season would contribute increasing of CUE. Precipitation and temperature affected CUE positively in most areas of the SNP. These findings help explain the CUE of natural ecosystems in the protected farmland areas and improve our understanding of ecosystem carbon allocation dynamics in temperate semi-humid to semi-arid transitional region under climate and phenological fluctuations.

ACS Style

Bo Li; Fang Huang; Lijie Qin; Hang Qi; Ning Sun. Spatio-Temporal Variations of Carbon Use Efficiency in Natural Terrestrial Ecosystems and the Relationship with Climatic Factors in the Songnen Plain, China. Remote Sensing 2019, 11, 2513 .

AMA Style

Bo Li, Fang Huang, Lijie Qin, Hang Qi, Ning Sun. Spatio-Temporal Variations of Carbon Use Efficiency in Natural Terrestrial Ecosystems and the Relationship with Climatic Factors in the Songnen Plain, China. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11 (21):2513.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bo Li; Fang Huang; Lijie Qin; Hang Qi; Ning Sun. 2019. "Spatio-Temporal Variations of Carbon Use Efficiency in Natural Terrestrial Ecosystems and the Relationship with Climatic Factors in the Songnen Plain, China." Remote Sensing 11, no. 21: 2513.

Journal article
Published: 13 March 2019 in Water
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Freshwater resources are limited and uneven in their spatiotemporal distribution, and substantial increases in water demand from rapidly developing economies and concentrated populations place pressure on the available water. Research on the inequality of water footprint (WF) could provide countermeasures for the rational use and allocation of water resources. We evaluated the temporal and spatial inequality of WF using the Gini coefficient and imbalance index based on socioeconomic and environmental factors in Jilin Province. The results showed that from 2008 to 2015, the overall inequality of WF in Jilin Province was “relative equality”, and the inequalities between the WF and population, cultivated area were “high equality”; between the WF and gross domestic product (GDP) was “relative equality”; and between the WF and natural water endowment was “high inequality”. With respect to space, the differences of WF inequality were significant. In the west, the WF inequality changed greatly, from “relative equality” to “relative inequality” driven by population, GDP, cultivated area, and natural water endowment. In the middle, the WF inequality showed large internal differences with “high inequality” or “high equality” caused by GDP and natural water endowment. In the east, the WF inequality was relatively stable, at “high equality” or “neutral” affected by natural water endowment and population. The varied impact factors reflected the differences in natural resources and socioeconomic conditions in the various regions, and the results might provide a theoretical basis for guiding the rational allocation of water resources.

ACS Style

Jianqin Wang; Lijie Qin; Hongshi He. Assessing Temporal and Spatial Inequality of Water Footprint Based on Socioeconomic and Environmental Factors in Jilin Province, China. Water 2019, 11, 521 .

AMA Style

Jianqin Wang, Lijie Qin, Hongshi He. Assessing Temporal and Spatial Inequality of Water Footprint Based on Socioeconomic and Environmental Factors in Jilin Province, China. Water. 2019; 11 (3):521.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jianqin Wang; Lijie Qin; Hongshi He. 2019. "Assessing Temporal and Spatial Inequality of Water Footprint Based on Socioeconomic and Environmental Factors in Jilin Province, China." Water 11, no. 3: 521.

Article
Published: 04 January 2018 in Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
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Rice is a special crop, and its production differs from that of other crops because it requires a thin layer of water coverage for a long period. The calculation of the water footprint of rice production should differ from that of other crops due to the rice growing process. This study improved the calculation of blue and grey water footprints of rice production and analysed the variations of the water footprints for rice production under different rainfall years in Jilin Province. In the drought year the green water footprint was the lowest, and the blue water footprint was the highest among the three years, while in the humid year, the green water footprint was the highest, but the blue water footprint was not the lowest. The areas with higher water footprints were found in the east and west regions of Jilin Province, and areas with lower water footprints were found in the middle east and middle regions of Jilin Province. Blue water was the primary water resource for rice production, although more precipitation provided the highest green water in the humid year; and the spatial distribution of water footprints were not the same under different rainfall years.

ACS Style

Hongying Li; Lijie Qin; Hong S. He. Characteristics of the water footprint of rice production under different rainfall years in Jilin Province, China. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2018, 98, 3001 -3013.

AMA Style

Hongying Li, Lijie Qin, Hong S. He. Characteristics of the water footprint of rice production under different rainfall years in Jilin Province, China. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2018; 98 (8):3001-3013.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hongying Li; Lijie Qin; Hong S. He. 2018. "Characteristics of the water footprint of rice production under different rainfall years in Jilin Province, China." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 98, no. 8: 3001-3013.

Journal article
Published: 23 July 2015 in Water
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To effectively manage water resources in agricultural production, it is necessary to understand the spatiotemporal variation of the water footprint (WF) and the influences of agricultural inputs. Employing spatial autocorrelation analysis and a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model, we explored the spatial variations of the WF and their relationships with agricultural inputs from 1998 to 2012 in Northeast China. The results indicated that: (1) the spatial distribution of WFs for the 36 major maize production prefectures was heterogeneous in Northeast China; (2) a cluster of high WFs was found in southeast Liaoning Province, while a cluster of low WFs was found in central Jilin Province, and (3) spatial and temporal differentiation in the correlations between the WF of maize production and agricultural inputs existed according to the GWR model. These correlations increased over time. Our results suggested that localized strategies for reducing the WF should be formulated based on specific relationships between the WF and agricultural inputs.

ACS Style

Peili Duan; Lijie Qin; Yeqiao Wang; Hongshi He. Spatiotemporal Correlations between Water Footprint and Agricultural Inputs: A Case Study of Maize Production in Northeast China. Water 2015, 7, 4026 -4040.

AMA Style

Peili Duan, Lijie Qin, Yeqiao Wang, Hongshi He. Spatiotemporal Correlations between Water Footprint and Agricultural Inputs: A Case Study of Maize Production in Northeast China. Water. 2015; 7 (12):4026-4040.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peili Duan; Lijie Qin; Yeqiao Wang; Hongshi He. 2015. "Spatiotemporal Correlations between Water Footprint and Agricultural Inputs: A Case Study of Maize Production in Northeast China." Water 7, no. 12: 4026-4040.