As a consequence of increasing safety concerns, camera surveillance has been widely adopted as a way to monitor public spaces. One of the major challenges of camera surveillance is to design an optimal method for camera network placement in order to ensure the greater possible coverage. In addition, this method must consider the landscape of the monitored environment to take into account the existing objects that may influence the deployment of such a network. In this paper, a new Voronoi-based 3D GIS oriented approach named “HybVOR” is proposed for surveillance camera network placement. The “HybVOR” approach aims to achieve a coverage near 100% through three main phases. First, a Voronoi Diagram from buildings’ footprints is generated and cameras are placed on the Voronoi Edges. Second, the level of coverage is assessed by calculating a viewshed based on a raster Digital Surface Model of the region of interest. Finally, the visibility of the main buildings’ entrances is evaluated based on a 3D vector model that contains these features. The effectiveness of the “HybVOR” approach is demonstrated through a case study that corresponds to an area of interest in Jeddah Seaport in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

The orthometric height has an essential role in a variety of civil engineering projects and it is defined as the length of the curved plumbline from a point (on the earth surface) to its intersection with the geoid surface. Leveling process is considered as the most accurate technique for obtaining these heights. However, regardless of its potentials, it is tedious, costly, and time consuming. Recently many organizations and research centers have developed multi Global Geopotential Models (GGMs) depending on several types of available gravity and height datasets to estimate orthometric heights from GNSS measurements. In this study, we present an evaluation and assessment of the accuracy of five of recent and popular GGM_S: XGM2016, XGM2019e, EIGEN-6C4, GO_CONS_GCF_2_TIM_R6e, and EGM2008 using actual 145 GNSS/leveling points and 96 terrestrial gravity points. The goal of this research is to find the best fit model along the study area located along the coastal zones of Egypt with distances of about 1,970 km for further determination of geoid modeling at regional scale. The selection of these areas basically was due to their developmental, urban, and economical importance and their continuous need for protection works to fight against the coastal erosion caused by climate change and global warming. The results indicated that for geoid undulation, GO_CONS_GCF_2_TIM_R6e model is the best fit GGM for the estimation of geoid model along Mediterranean Sea coastal line, while XGM2019e_2159 model is the best suitable for coastal line of the Red Sea. And regarding the gravity anomalies, the most reliable GGMs for this study area are XGM2019e_2159 and EIGEN-6C4 for Bouguer and free-air gravity anomaly, respectively.

As-built mapping using terrestrial sensors is crucial for accurately documenting the final state of building structures. However, conventional methods often face limitations in urban environments, such as obstructions and the need for clear sightlines. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the low-cost Moasure ONE Inertial Measurement Unit sensor for producing as-built plans, addressing challenges associated with traditional surveying methods like total stations. The research investigates the Moasure ONE’s capabilities in terms of cost, time efficiency, flexibility, and productivity, while adhering to the USA Federal Geographic Data Committee and American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing accuracy standards. The methodology includes a statistical study, data manipulation, georeferencing, and quality assessment using ground control points. Results indicate that Moasure ONE can achieve a horizontal positional accuracy (RMSE _H1 ) of 17.7 cm, aligning with the required tolerances for detailed mapping. The findings suggest that Moasure ONE offers significant advantages over traditional methods, including reduced survey time and increased detail capture, making it a viable alternative for professional surveying tasks in construction and engineering projects.

Digital terrain models (DTMs) are essential elevation datasets that represent the morphology of the Earth’s surface and play a critical role in applications, such as urban planning, civil engineering, infrastructure design, and environmental assessment. However, the excessive cost remains the major challenge in obtaining accurate terrain models. Recent advancements in low-cost inertial navigation and motion-sensing technologies offer significant potential to enhance the cost-effectiveness of surveying projects. This study investigates the vertical accuracy and operational usability of a handheld inertial measurement unit (IMU) device (Moasure 2) for DTM generation in urban environments through the comparison with traditional total station and digital levels procedures. It also assesses the device compliance with The American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS) Positional Accuracy Standards. For this purpose, a comprehensive field survey was conducted in a small urban area characterized by varied terrain morphology. The vertical accuracy of the Moasure 2 was acceptable for many urban mapping applications based on a rigorous analysis of checkpoint data and error patterns, which were quantitatively assessed relative to reference surfaces. Profile-based validation showed that the elevation differences between similar terrain types were mainly within ±25 cm, with minimal bias and symmetric error distributions. The findings indicate that Moasure 2 can be a viable alternative tool for fast DTM generation in low-cost urban projects. It offers significant advantages in terms of portability, ease of use, and reduced fieldwork time compared to conventional methodologies. Furthermore, this study addresses the critical gap in the validation of the new IMU-based surveying technology and provides evidence for choosing appropriate equipment for urban terrain modeling.

The goal of this research is to identify the challenges and obstacles that hinder the development of a unified technical dictionary of Geomatics terms. The focus is on ensuring that synonyms are compatible in translation and Arabization, as they play a crucial role in comprehending the fundamental concepts of this field in classical Arabic. Geomatics is a scientific term for an engineering specialty that emerged from the development and integration of well-known scientific branches, but ambiguity surrounds this term, its function, and its importance to the public and even to those interested in spatial information about the Earth's surface. In order to strengthen classical Arabic as a language that works well for comprehension and communication in professional and educational environments, the research focused on the significance of having a unified technical dictionary of Geomatics terms. The Unified Dictionary Data Bank of the Arab Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization is one approved reference that was used to assess how familiar a sample of students from King Abdulaziz University's Department of Geomatics was with Arabic synonyms for the most well-known scientific and technical terms in this field. It was found that a variety of factors make it challenging to develop accurate, specialized synonyms. These include cultural references, dictionaries that don't keep up with technological advancements, the fact that Arabic synonyms often have different meanings and terminological variations, the lack of specialized Arabic sources, and the tendency to write and speak in a hybrid way.