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The research is aimed at comparing the kinematics (the movement pattern in the most important joints and accelerations of the playing hand) between female table tennis players coached in Poland (POL) and China (CHIN) during the performance of a topspin backhand stroke (so-called quick topspin). The study involved six female table tennis players at a high sports skill level, playing in Poland’s highest league. Three were national team members of Poland (age: 20.3 ± 1.9 ), while the other three were players from China (age: 20.0 ± 0.0 ). Kinematics was measured using MR3 myoMuscle Master Edition system—inertial measurement unit (IMU) system. The participants performed one task of topspin backhand as a response to a topspin ball, repeated 15 times. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was calculated using SPM1D in a Python package that offered a high-level interface to SPM1D. The SPM method allowed for the determination of differences between the Chinese and Polish female athletes. The differences found are probably mainly due to differences in the training methodologies caused by different coaching systems. The observed differences include, among others, greater use of the so-called small steps in order to adapt and be ready during the back to ready position and backswing phases, which gives the CHIN players slightly better conditions for preparation for the next plays. The CHIN players’ position compared to that of the POL players favours a quicker transition from the backhand to the forehand play. This difference is probably related to the difference in the dominant playing styles of the groups studied. Despite the differences in movement patterns in both groups, the exact value of playing hand was achieved. This may be a manifestation of the phenomenon of equifinality and compensation. All the differences found are probably mainly due to differences in the training methodologies caused by different coaching systems.
Ziemowit Bańkosz; Sławomir Winiarski. The Application of Statistical Parametric Mapping to Evaluate Differences in Topspin Backhand between Chinese and Polish Female Table Tennis Players. Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2021, 2021, 1 -11.
AMA StyleZiemowit Bańkosz, Sławomir Winiarski. The Application of Statistical Parametric Mapping to Evaluate Differences in Topspin Backhand between Chinese and Polish Female Table Tennis Players. Applied Bionics and Biomechanics. 2021; 2021 ():1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZiemowit Bańkosz; Sławomir Winiarski. 2021. "The Application of Statistical Parametric Mapping to Evaluate Differences in Topspin Backhand between Chinese and Polish Female Table Tennis Players." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2021, no. : 1-11.
Background: Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) is an innovative method based on the analysis of time series (data series) and is equivalent to statistical methods for numerical (discrete) data series. This study aimed to analyze the patterns of movement in the topspin backhand stroke in table tennis and to use SPM to compare these patterns between advanced female and male players. Methods: The research involved seven advanced male and six advanced female players. The kinematic parameters were measured using an inertial motion analysis system. The SPM was computed using the SPM1D Python package. Results: Our study made it possible to reproduce the pattern of movement in the joints during topspin backhand strokes in the studied athletes. During multiple comparisons, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) SPM test revealed many areas in the studied parameter series with statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.01). Conclusions: The study presents the movement patterns in the topspin backhand shot and describes the proximal-to-distal sequencing principle during this shot. The SPM study revealed differences between men and women in the contribution of thoracic rotation, external shoulder rotation, dorsal flexion, and supination in the wrist during the hitting phase. These differences may result from the anatomical gender differences or variations in other functionalities of individual body segments between the study groups. Another possible source for these discrepancies may reside in tactical requirements, especially the need for a more vigorous attack in men. The gender differences presented in this study can help in the individualization of the training process in table tennis.
Ziemowit Bańkosz; Sławomir Winiarski. Statistical Parametric Mapping Reveals Subtle Gender Differences in Angular Movements in Table Tennis Topspin Backhand. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 6996 .
AMA StyleZiemowit Bańkosz, Sławomir Winiarski. Statistical Parametric Mapping Reveals Subtle Gender Differences in Angular Movements in Table Tennis Topspin Backhand. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (19):6996.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZiemowit Bańkosz; Sławomir Winiarski. 2020. "Statistical Parametric Mapping Reveals Subtle Gender Differences in Angular Movements in Table Tennis Topspin Backhand." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19: 6996.
Background: The identification of gender differences in kinematics and coordination of movement in different body segments in sports may improve the training process by emphasizing the necessity of its differentiation, and consequently individualization, developing, and improving the technique in women and men. Indicating differences can also help in determining the risk of injury in order to prevent from them by diversifying training programs. However, there is no information regarding this problem in the existing literature pertaining to table tennis. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the differences in the values of selected angular and kinematic parameters during topspin forehand and topspin backhand shots between male and female table tennis players. Methods: Six male and six female advanced table tennis players performed topspin forehand and topspin backhand shots, both receiving a backspin ball. The angular parameters in four events (ready position, backswing, maximum acceleration, and forward) at chosen joints as well as the maximal acceleration of the playing hand were measured, using the myoMotion system, and were compared between male and female players. Results: Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were found in the magnitude of angular parameters and maximum hand acceleration between men and women. The movement pattern of topspin strokes performed by men takes into account, more than that in the case of women, movements that use large muscle groups and large joints (hip joints, trunk joints, shoulder joints in extension, and flexion). The difference in the values of maximal acceleration reached almost 50 m/s2 in topspin forehand (p < 0.01) and 20 m/s2 in backhand (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Differentiation of movement patterns can be a manifestation of movement optimization due to anthropological differences and limitations. The differences in the values of maximal acceleration suggest that women could use both sides to perform a topspin attack against the backspin ball, while men should seek opportunities to make a stronger shot with a forehand topspin.
Ziemowit Bańkosz; Sławomir Winiarski; Ivan Malagoli Lanzoni. Gender Differences in Kinematic Parameters of Topspin Forehand and Backhand in Table Tennis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 5742 .
AMA StyleZiemowit Bańkosz, Sławomir Winiarski, Ivan Malagoli Lanzoni. Gender Differences in Kinematic Parameters of Topspin Forehand and Backhand in Table Tennis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (16):5742.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZiemowit Bańkosz; Sławomir Winiarski; Ivan Malagoli Lanzoni. 2020. "Gender Differences in Kinematic Parameters of Topspin Forehand and Backhand in Table Tennis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16: 5742.
Background The current body of knowledge shows that there is very little research into the occurrence and scale of asymmetry or postural defects in table tennis. It is interesting which regions of the spine are exposed to the greatest changes in the shape of its curvatures and whether the asymmetrical position of the shoulder and pelvic girdles in table tennis players changes when adopting the ready position. Consequently, can overload occur in certain parts of the spine and can the asymmetry deepen as a response of adopting this position? The reply to these questions may be an indication of the need for appropriate compensatory or corrective measures. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of body position during play on the change in the shape of anterior–posterior spinal curvatures and trunk asymmetry in table tennis players. Methods To evaluate body posture the photogrammetric method based on the Moiré phenomenon with equipment by CQ electronic was applied. The study involved 22 female players practicing competitive table tennis (the age of 17 ± 4.5, with the average training experience of 7 ± 4.3 years, body mass of 47.8 ± 15.8, and body height of 161.2 ± 10.4). Each participant completed an author’s own questionnaire on spinal pain. The shape of curvatures in the sagittal and frontal plane was evaluated in the participant in the habitual standing position and in the table tennis ready position. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed and the significance of differences was tested using the Mann–Whitney U test. Results and Conclusions This study demonstrated the dominance of kyphotic body posture in table tennis players, which can be caused by many hours of using the ready position during playing. After adopting this position, there are significant differences in the angles of anterior and posterior spinal curvatures compared to the habitual posture. This may be the cause of overloads and pain complaints reported by the study participants. Adopting the ready position is also associated with an increase in asymmetry in the position (rotation) of the pelvis and spinous processes (frontal plane). Therefore, training programs should be extended with exercises that relieve the spine in the vertical line and exercises that improve symmetry of the work of the upper limbs, body trunk muscles and the pelvis.
Ziemowit Bańkosz; Katarzyna Barczyk-Pawelec. Habitual and ready positions in female table tennis players and their relation to the prevalence of back pain. PeerJ 2020, 8, e9170 .
AMA StyleZiemowit Bańkosz, Katarzyna Barczyk-Pawelec. Habitual and ready positions in female table tennis players and their relation to the prevalence of back pain. PeerJ. 2020; 8 ():e9170.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZiemowit Bańkosz; Katarzyna Barczyk-Pawelec. 2020. "Habitual and ready positions in female table tennis players and their relation to the prevalence of back pain." PeerJ 8, no. : e9170.
The study examined kinematic parameters and their inter- and intrasubject variability in the topspin forehand of seven top-level table tennis players. A wireless inertial measurement unit (IMU) system measured the movement of the playing hand to analyze the Ready position, Backswing, and Forward events, and a racket-mounted piezoelectric sensor captured the racket-ball Contact. In a four-phase cycle (Backswing, Hitting, Followthrough, and Back to Ready position), body sensors recorded the cycle and phase duration; angles in the sagittal plane at the shoulder, elbow, and wrist of the playing hand and at the knee joints; and acceleration of the playing hand at the moment of racket-ball contact. The coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated to determine the variability of kinematic parameters within and between players. The observed variability in stroke time duration was low (CV<20%) indicating constancy. The small-to-medium intraindividual variability of angles (CV<40%) indicates that each player used a broadly repeatable technique. The large intraindividual variability in movement was probably functional (i.e., motor adjustment and injury avoidance). Interindividual and intraindividual variability of knee and elbow angles was low; wrist extension was the most variable parameter (CV>40%) for all tasks, and shoulder joint variability was medium-to-large. Variability in hand acceleration was low (CV<20%). Individual players achieved relatively constant hand acceleration at the moment of contact, possibly because angular changes at one joint (e.g., shoulder) could be compensated for by changes at another (e.g., wrist). These findings can help to guide the teaching-learning process and to individualize the training process.
Ziemowit Bańkosz; Sławomir Winiarski. Using Wearable Inertial Sensors to Estimate Kinematic Parameters and Variability in the Table Tennis Topspin Forehand Stroke. Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2020, 2020, 1 -10.
AMA StyleZiemowit Bańkosz, Sławomir Winiarski. Using Wearable Inertial Sensors to Estimate Kinematic Parameters and Variability in the Table Tennis Topspin Forehand Stroke. Applied Bionics and Biomechanics. 2020; 2020 ():1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZiemowit Bańkosz; Sławomir Winiarski. 2020. "Using Wearable Inertial Sensors to Estimate Kinematic Parameters and Variability in the Table Tennis Topspin Forehand Stroke." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2020, no. : 1-10.
The aims of this study were to evaluate movement patterns of topspin forehand, to define the main principles of performing this shot, and to determine the essential differences in individual types of topspin forehand. In total, 10 female high-level athletes participated in this study. The BTS analysis system was used with a novel model for the range-of-motion measurement. An acoustic sensor was attached to the racket for identification of a ball–racket contact. Players, performing topspin forehand, attempt to achieve maximal racket velocity based on the principles of proximal-to-distal sequences and summation of speed with a stretch-shortening character of cycle. The essential differences between type of topspin forehand occurred in the range of motion. Increased power of topspin shot was accompanied by a significant increase in range of motion in most of the studied joints and body segments, in particular in the rotation movement of the upper body, pelvis and shoulders, flexion and rotation in the shoulder and elbow joints, and flexion and rotation in knee joints.
Ziemowit Bańkosz; Sławomir Winiarski. The Evaluation of Changes of Angles in Selected Joints During Topspin Forehand in Table Tennis. Motor Control 2018, 22, 314 -337.
AMA StyleZiemowit Bańkosz, Sławomir Winiarski. The Evaluation of Changes of Angles in Selected Joints During Topspin Forehand in Table Tennis. Motor Control. 2018; 22 (3):314-337.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZiemowit Bańkosz; Sławomir Winiarski. 2018. "The Evaluation of Changes of Angles in Selected Joints During Topspin Forehand in Table Tennis." Motor Control 22, no. 3: 314-337.
The aim of this study was to determine the correlations between angular velocities in individual joints and racket velocity for different topspin forehand and backhand strokes in table tennis. Ten elite female table tennis players participated, presenting different kinds of topspin forehands and backhands – after a no-spin ball (FH1, BH1), after a backspin ball (FH2, BH2) and “heavy” topspin (FH3, BH3). Range of motion was measured with the BTS Smart-E (BTS Bioengineering, Milan, Italy) motion analysis system with a specially developed marker placement protocol for the upper body parts and an acoustic sensor attached to the racket to identify ball-racket contact. In forehand strokes angular velocities of internal arm rotation and adduction in shoulder joint correlated with racket velocity. Racket velocity was correlated with angular velocities (hip extension on the playing side; hip flexion on the opposite side; ankle flexion) in the case of a topspin forehand performed with maximal force –”heavy” topspin (FH3). In backhand strokes the velocities of arm abduction and shoulder girdle rotation towards the playing side correlated with racket velocity. The angular velocity of internal arm rotation and adduction in shoulder joint may be important components of a coordinated stroke, whilst angular velocity can substantially affect the racket speed when one is changing the type of stroke.
Ziemowit Bańkosz; Sławomir Winiarski. Correlations between Angular Velocities in Selected Joints and Velocity of Table Tennis Racket during Topspin Forehand and Backhand. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 2018, 17, 330 -338.
AMA StyleZiemowit Bańkosz, Sławomir Winiarski. Correlations between Angular Velocities in Selected Joints and Velocity of Table Tennis Racket during Topspin Forehand and Backhand. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2018; 17 (2):330-338.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZiemowit Bańkosz; Sławomir Winiarski. 2018. "Correlations between Angular Velocities in Selected Joints and Velocity of Table Tennis Racket during Topspin Forehand and Backhand." Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 17, no. 2: 330-338.
Ziemowit Bankosz; Slawomir Winiarski. The kinematics of table tennis racquet. The differences between topspin strokes. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 2016, 1 .
AMA StyleZiemowit Bankosz, Slawomir Winiarski. The kinematics of table tennis racquet. The differences between topspin strokes. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 2016; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZiemowit Bankosz; Slawomir Winiarski. 2016. "The kinematics of table tennis racquet. The differences between topspin strokes." The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness , no. : 1.
Purpose. The aim of the study was to compare the spatial component of proprioceptive ability by reproducing a upper limb movement typical in table tennis and fencing. Methods. The research comprised 41 young males of which 12 were table tennis players, 14 fencers, and 15 not involved in any competitive sports as a control. The experiment was based on assessing the precision of pronation and supination of the forearm at the elbow joint in recreating a set movement range by use of a goniometer. Results and conclusions. The results point to a higher level of proprioceptive ability in fencers and table tennis players than the control group but only in respect to the tasks executed with the dominant limb. This is inferred to be the result from the specific character of both sports (i.e. the intensive use of one limb and the consequent laterality of that limb) causing higher sensitivity and proprioception. This may provide a link between swordplay, table tennis, and the level of proprioception. The research methodology used herein may be useful in monitoring fencing training. Although not unequivocally statistically significant, the results indicate the potential for further research in this area.
Ziemowit Bańkosz; Paweł Szumielewicz. Proprioceptive Ability of Fencing and Table Tennis Practioners. Human Movement 2014, 15, 1 .
AMA StyleZiemowit Bańkosz, Paweł Szumielewicz. Proprioceptive Ability of Fencing and Table Tennis Practioners. Human Movement. 2014; 15 (3):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZiemowit Bańkosz; Paweł Szumielewicz. 2014. "Proprioceptive Ability of Fencing and Table Tennis Practioners." Human Movement 15, no. 3: 1.
Katarzyna Barczyk-Pawelec; Ziemowit Bankosz; Małgorzata Derlich. Body postures and asymmetries in frontal and transverse planes in the trunk area in table tennis players. Biology of Sport 2012, 29, 127 -132.
AMA StyleKatarzyna Barczyk-Pawelec, Ziemowit Bankosz, Małgorzata Derlich. Body postures and asymmetries in frontal and transverse planes in the trunk area in table tennis players. Biology of Sport. 2012; 29 (2):127-132.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatarzyna Barczyk-Pawelec; Ziemowit Bankosz; Małgorzata Derlich. 2012. "Body postures and asymmetries in frontal and transverse planes in the trunk area in table tennis players." Biology of Sport 29, no. 2: 127-132.
The Kinesthetic Differentiation Ability of Table Tennis PlayersPurpose. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences between two groups of table tennis players (differing by their level of play) in terms of the kinesthetic differentiation ability of their so-called spatial component. Methods. The study was conducted using a goniometer which assessed the accuracy of performing an arm movement, specifically, the pronation and supination of the forearm at the elbow. The study analyzed the accuracy rate of performing this movement, where a smaller value indicated a higher level of kinesthetic differentiation ability. Results. In all four tasks, the more advanced (skill-wise) group of players obtained lower arithmetic mean and median values of accuracy than the group that played at a lower skill set. This may suggest the importance of the tested variable as an important component of table tennis. However, the tested groups did not significantly differ from each other in the accuracy of performing the studied movement. Nonetheless, the variability of the accuracy rate of the lower skill level group was considerably larger than the more advanced and skilled group. Conclusions. It can be assumed that the more advanced group is more homogeneous in terms of accuracy production. This could be the result of specific training exercises.
Ziemowit Bańkosz. The Kinesthetic Differentiation Ability of Table Tennis Players. Human Movement 2012, 13, 1 .
AMA StyleZiemowit Bańkosz. The Kinesthetic Differentiation Ability of Table Tennis Players. Human Movement. 2012; 13 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZiemowit Bańkosz. 2012. "The Kinesthetic Differentiation Ability of Table Tennis Players." Human Movement 13, no. 1: 1.