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Prostheses can help persons with trans-femoral amputation (TFA) regain normal function, but such individuals still exhibit gait deviations expressed in gait asymmetries. We apply a specialised tool, the Symmetry Function (SF), to evaluate the symmetry of walking in terms of kinematic and dynamic variables and to identify areas with large side deviations (exceeding defined ±5% threshold) in the movement cycle. Which movements and joints or GRF components revealed the most significant side deviations in the movement cycle? When exactly are they located in the gate cycle? In this retrospective observational study, an instrumented motion analysis system was used to register the gait of fourteen patients after unilateral TFA. Measurements involved evaluating the time series of gait variables characterising a range of motion and the ground reaction force components. Comparison of the prosthetic (involved) limb with the sound (uninvolved) limb in TFA patients was carried out on the basis of the Symmetry Function values. The Symmetry Function proved to be an effective tool to localise the regions of asymmetry and limb dominance in the full gait cycle. The difference between sides revealed by the Symmetry Function was the highest for the pelvis and the hip. In the sagittal plane, the pelvis was asymmetrically tilted, reaching the highest SF value of more than 25 % at 60 % cycle time. In the transverse plane, the pelvis was even more asymmetrically positioned throughout the entire gait cycle (50 % difference). The hip in the frontal plane reached a 60 % difference throughout the single support phase for the involved and then for the uninvolved limb. The Symmetry Function allows for the detection of gait asymmetries, temporal shifts in the gait phases and may assess the precise in time adaptation of prostheses and rehabilitation monitoring, especially in unilateral impairments.
Sławomir Winiarski; Alicja Rutkowska-Kucharska; Mateusz Kowal. Symmetry function – An effective tool for evaluating the gait symmetry of trans-femoral amputees. Gait & Posture 2021, 90, 9 -15.
AMA StyleSławomir Winiarski, Alicja Rutkowska-Kucharska, Mateusz Kowal. Symmetry function – An effective tool for evaluating the gait symmetry of trans-femoral amputees. Gait & Posture. 2021; 90 ():9-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSławomir Winiarski; Alicja Rutkowska-Kucharska; Mateusz Kowal. 2021. "Symmetry function – An effective tool for evaluating the gait symmetry of trans-femoral amputees." Gait & Posture 90, no. : 9-15.
The research is aimed at comparing the kinematics (the movement pattern in the most important joints and accelerations of the playing hand) between female table tennis players coached in Poland (POL) and China (CHIN) during the performance of a topspin backhand stroke (so-called quick topspin). The study involved six female table tennis players at a high sports skill level, playing in Poland’s highest league. Three were national team members of Poland (age: 20.3 ± 1.9 ), while the other three were players from China (age: 20.0 ± 0.0 ). Kinematics was measured using MR3 myoMuscle Master Edition system—inertial measurement unit (IMU) system. The participants performed one task of topspin backhand as a response to a topspin ball, repeated 15 times. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was calculated using SPM1D in a Python package that offered a high-level interface to SPM1D. The SPM method allowed for the determination of differences between the Chinese and Polish female athletes. The differences found are probably mainly due to differences in the training methodologies caused by different coaching systems. The observed differences include, among others, greater use of the so-called small steps in order to adapt and be ready during the back to ready position and backswing phases, which gives the CHIN players slightly better conditions for preparation for the next plays. The CHIN players’ position compared to that of the POL players favours a quicker transition from the backhand to the forehand play. This difference is probably related to the difference in the dominant playing styles of the groups studied. Despite the differences in movement patterns in both groups, the exact value of playing hand was achieved. This may be a manifestation of the phenomenon of equifinality and compensation. All the differences found are probably mainly due to differences in the training methodologies caused by different coaching systems.
Ziemowit Bańkosz; Sławomir Winiarski. The Application of Statistical Parametric Mapping to Evaluate Differences in Topspin Backhand between Chinese and Polish Female Table Tennis Players. Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2021, 2021, 1 -11.
AMA StyleZiemowit Bańkosz, Sławomir Winiarski. The Application of Statistical Parametric Mapping to Evaluate Differences in Topspin Backhand between Chinese and Polish Female Table Tennis Players. Applied Bionics and Biomechanics. 2021; 2021 ():1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZiemowit Bańkosz; Sławomir Winiarski. 2021. "The Application of Statistical Parametric Mapping to Evaluate Differences in Topspin Backhand between Chinese and Polish Female Table Tennis Players." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2021, no. : 1-11.
Background: After bilateral transfemoral amputation, people may experience limitations in everyday life due to limited mobility and prosthesis problems. Materials and method: The case study covered a 54-year-old man after bilateral traumatic amputation of his lower limbs. Transfemoral amputations were performed using the Caldwell method; disproportion in the length of stumps was 5 mm. The motion task was recorded using the SMART-E optoelectronic system (BTS Bioengineering, Milan, Italy) according to the standard Davis protocol (the Newington model). Biomechanical evaluation included the measurement of angle-time relationships, characterizing the range of motion (ROM) in lower limb joints and Ground Reaction Force (GRF). The analyzed tasks are walking with self selected speed, fast gait and walking in stubby prostheses. Results: Step width was the most similar to the gait of healthy persons walking with stubby prostheses (0.17 ± 0.01 m for healthy people, 29% higher for stubbies, 35% for prosthetic gait with self-selected gait speed and 41% for fast gait speed). Step width was the smallest when walking with stubbies. Conclusions: The reduction of body height allows to reduce the risk of fall. Higher metabolic cost of gait in people after amputation result from a greater need to maintain balance and posture, and to perform walking movement.
Żanna Fiodorenko-Dumas; Ilias Dumas; Mateusz Kowal; Adrianna Machnikowska; Ewa Gieysztor; Sławomir Winiarski; Małgorzata Paprocka-Borowicz. Using Stubby Prosthesis after Bilateral Transfemoral Amputation: A Biomechanical Case Study. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 3671 .
AMA StyleŻanna Fiodorenko-Dumas, Ilias Dumas, Mateusz Kowal, Adrianna Machnikowska, Ewa Gieysztor, Sławomir Winiarski, Małgorzata Paprocka-Borowicz. Using Stubby Prosthesis after Bilateral Transfemoral Amputation: A Biomechanical Case Study. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (8):3671.
Chicago/Turabian StyleŻanna Fiodorenko-Dumas; Ilias Dumas; Mateusz Kowal; Adrianna Machnikowska; Ewa Gieysztor; Sławomir Winiarski; Małgorzata Paprocka-Borowicz. 2021. "Using Stubby Prosthesis after Bilateral Transfemoral Amputation: A Biomechanical Case Study." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8: 3671.
Background Above-knee amputations (AKAs) contribute to gait asymmetry. The level of asymmetry is affected by the type of knee prosthetic module. There is limited evidence suggesting that more technically advanced solutions (microprocessor modules; MicPK) are superior to less advanced ones (mechanical modules; MechPK). The study aimed to evaluate the variable range of hip and pelvic joint movements during gait and look for differentiating areas with an increased level of asymmetry of the gait cycle in individuals who underwent an AKA and are equipped with MicPK or MechPK. Methods Twenty-eight individuals participated in the study; 14 were assigned to a study group of individuals who underwent a unilateral AKA, and the other 14 were healthy participants as a control group. The movement task was recorded using the optoelectronic SMART-E system following the standard Davis protocol (the Newington model). A new method of quantifying gait symmetry using the symmetry function (SF) is proposed. SF is an integral measure of absolute differences in time-standardized signals between sides throughout the whole cycle of motion variability. Results In the frontal plane, there were significant differences between groups in the asymmetry of the range of movement in the hip joint of the intact limb. In the middle of the support phase, the intact limb was more adducted in individuals with MicPK and less abducted in people with MechPK (differences in mean 180%, p < 0.000; max 63%, p < 0.000; min 65%, p < 0.000). In the sagittal plane, the range of asymmetry of the flexion and thigh extension of the intact limb was similar to and only slightly different from the physiological gait. In the transverse plane, higher asymmetry values were noted for individuals with MicPK. In the final stage of the swing phase, the thigh was more rotated both externally and internally. The size of the asymmetry, when compared to gait of healthy individuals, reached 50% (differences in mean 115%, p < 0.232; max 62% p < 0.26; min 50, p < 0.154). Conclusions In the study group, the assessed ranges of pelvic and thigh movement in the hip joint differed only in the frontal plane. Individuals who underwent a unilateral above-knee amputation may gain less from using MicPK than anticipated.
Mateusz Kowal; Sławomir Winiarski; Ewa Gieysztor; Anna Kołcz; Karolina Walewicz; Wojciech Borowicz; Alicja Rutkowska-Kucharska; Małgorzata Paprocka-Borowicz. Symmetry function in gait pattern analysis in patients after unilateral transfemoral amputation using a mechanical or microprocessor prosthetic knee. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 2021, 18, 1 -12.
AMA StyleMateusz Kowal, Sławomir Winiarski, Ewa Gieysztor, Anna Kołcz, Karolina Walewicz, Wojciech Borowicz, Alicja Rutkowska-Kucharska, Małgorzata Paprocka-Borowicz. Symmetry function in gait pattern analysis in patients after unilateral transfemoral amputation using a mechanical or microprocessor prosthetic knee. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation. 2021; 18 (1):1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMateusz Kowal; Sławomir Winiarski; Ewa Gieysztor; Anna Kołcz; Karolina Walewicz; Wojciech Borowicz; Alicja Rutkowska-Kucharska; Małgorzata Paprocka-Borowicz. 2021. "Symmetry function in gait pattern analysis in patients after unilateral transfemoral amputation using a mechanical or microprocessor prosthetic knee." Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 18, no. 1: 1-12.
Background: Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) is an innovative method based on the analysis of time series (data series) and is equivalent to statistical methods for numerical (discrete) data series. This study aimed to analyze the patterns of movement in the topspin backhand stroke in table tennis and to use SPM to compare these patterns between advanced female and male players. Methods: The research involved seven advanced male and six advanced female players. The kinematic parameters were measured using an inertial motion analysis system. The SPM was computed using the SPM1D Python package. Results: Our study made it possible to reproduce the pattern of movement in the joints during topspin backhand strokes in the studied athletes. During multiple comparisons, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) SPM test revealed many areas in the studied parameter series with statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.01). Conclusions: The study presents the movement patterns in the topspin backhand shot and describes the proximal-to-distal sequencing principle during this shot. The SPM study revealed differences between men and women in the contribution of thoracic rotation, external shoulder rotation, dorsal flexion, and supination in the wrist during the hitting phase. These differences may result from the anatomical gender differences or variations in other functionalities of individual body segments between the study groups. Another possible source for these discrepancies may reside in tactical requirements, especially the need for a more vigorous attack in men. The gender differences presented in this study can help in the individualization of the training process in table tennis.
Ziemowit Bańkosz; Sławomir Winiarski. Statistical Parametric Mapping Reveals Subtle Gender Differences in Angular Movements in Table Tennis Topspin Backhand. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 6996 .
AMA StyleZiemowit Bańkosz, Sławomir Winiarski. Statistical Parametric Mapping Reveals Subtle Gender Differences in Angular Movements in Table Tennis Topspin Backhand. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (19):6996.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZiemowit Bańkosz; Sławomir Winiarski. 2020. "Statistical Parametric Mapping Reveals Subtle Gender Differences in Angular Movements in Table Tennis Topspin Backhand." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19: 6996.
Background: The identification of gender differences in kinematics and coordination of movement in different body segments in sports may improve the training process by emphasizing the necessity of its differentiation, and consequently individualization, developing, and improving the technique in women and men. Indicating differences can also help in determining the risk of injury in order to prevent from them by diversifying training programs. However, there is no information regarding this problem in the existing literature pertaining to table tennis. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the differences in the values of selected angular and kinematic parameters during topspin forehand and topspin backhand shots between male and female table tennis players. Methods: Six male and six female advanced table tennis players performed topspin forehand and topspin backhand shots, both receiving a backspin ball. The angular parameters in four events (ready position, backswing, maximum acceleration, and forward) at chosen joints as well as the maximal acceleration of the playing hand were measured, using the myoMotion system, and were compared between male and female players. Results: Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were found in the magnitude of angular parameters and maximum hand acceleration between men and women. The movement pattern of topspin strokes performed by men takes into account, more than that in the case of women, movements that use large muscle groups and large joints (hip joints, trunk joints, shoulder joints in extension, and flexion). The difference in the values of maximal acceleration reached almost 50 m/s2 in topspin forehand (p < 0.01) and 20 m/s2 in backhand (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Differentiation of movement patterns can be a manifestation of movement optimization due to anthropological differences and limitations. The differences in the values of maximal acceleration suggest that women could use both sides to perform a topspin attack against the backspin ball, while men should seek opportunities to make a stronger shot with a forehand topspin.
Ziemowit Bańkosz; Sławomir Winiarski; Ivan Malagoli Lanzoni. Gender Differences in Kinematic Parameters of Topspin Forehand and Backhand in Table Tennis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 5742 .
AMA StyleZiemowit Bańkosz, Sławomir Winiarski, Ivan Malagoli Lanzoni. Gender Differences in Kinematic Parameters of Topspin Forehand and Backhand in Table Tennis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (16):5742.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZiemowit Bańkosz; Sławomir Winiarski; Ivan Malagoli Lanzoni. 2020. "Gender Differences in Kinematic Parameters of Topspin Forehand and Backhand in Table Tennis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16: 5742.
Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated significant asymmetries in unilateral amputee gait. The underlying dissimilarities between prosthetic and intact limbs have not yet been widely examined. To gain more insight into the functionality of asymmetries, we propose a new tool, the symmetry function (SF), to evaluate the symmetry of walking in terms of kinematic and dynamic variables of patients after unilateral transfemoral amputation and to identify areas with the largest side deviations in the movement cycle. Methods: An instrumented motion analysis system was used to register the gait of fourteen patients after unilateral trans-femoral amputation (TFA). Measurements involved evaluating the time series of gait variables characterizing a range of motion and the time series of the ground reaction force components. Comparison of the involved limb with the uninvolved limb in TFA patients was carried out on the basis of the SF values.Results: The symmetry function proved to be an excellent tool to localize the regions of asymmetry and their positive or negative directions in the full gait cycle. The difference between sides revealed by the symmetry function was the highest for the pelvis and the hip. In the sagittal plane, the pelvis was asymmetrically tilted, reaching the highest SF value of more than 25% at 60% cycle time. In the transverse plane, the pelvis was even more asymmetrically positioned throughout the entire gait cycle (50% difference on average). The hip in the frontal plane reached a 60% difference in SF throughout the single support phase for the prosthetic and then for the intact limb. Conclusions: The symmetry function allows for the detection of gait asymmetries and shifts in the center of gravity and may assess the precise in time adaptation of prostheses and rehabilitation monitoring, especially in unilateral impairments.Trial registration: The trial registration number (TRN): 379991 issued by the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) on 07.05.2020 (retrospectively registered).
Slawomir Winiarski; Alicja Rutkowska-Kucharska; Mateusz Kowal. Symmetry function as a new tool for evaluating the symmetry of gait in transfemoral amputees. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleSlawomir Winiarski, Alicja Rutkowska-Kucharska, Mateusz Kowal. Symmetry function as a new tool for evaluating the symmetry of gait in transfemoral amputees. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSlawomir Winiarski; Alicja Rutkowska-Kucharska; Mateusz Kowal. 2020. "Symmetry function as a new tool for evaluating the symmetry of gait in transfemoral amputees." , no. : 1.
The study examined kinematic parameters and their inter- and intrasubject variability in the topspin forehand of seven top-level table tennis players. A wireless inertial measurement unit (IMU) system measured the movement of the playing hand to analyze the Ready position, Backswing, and Forward events, and a racket-mounted piezoelectric sensor captured the racket-ball Contact. In a four-phase cycle (Backswing, Hitting, Followthrough, and Back to Ready position), body sensors recorded the cycle and phase duration; angles in the sagittal plane at the shoulder, elbow, and wrist of the playing hand and at the knee joints; and acceleration of the playing hand at the moment of racket-ball contact. The coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated to determine the variability of kinematic parameters within and between players. The observed variability in stroke time duration was low (CV<20%) indicating constancy. The small-to-medium intraindividual variability of angles (CV<40%) indicates that each player used a broadly repeatable technique. The large intraindividual variability in movement was probably functional (i.e., motor adjustment and injury avoidance). Interindividual and intraindividual variability of knee and elbow angles was low; wrist extension was the most variable parameter (CV>40%) for all tasks, and shoulder joint variability was medium-to-large. Variability in hand acceleration was low (CV<20%). Individual players achieved relatively constant hand acceleration at the moment of contact, possibly because angular changes at one joint (e.g., shoulder) could be compensated for by changes at another (e.g., wrist). These findings can help to guide the teaching-learning process and to individualize the training process.
Ziemowit Bańkosz; Sławomir Winiarski. Using Wearable Inertial Sensors to Estimate Kinematic Parameters and Variability in the Table Tennis Topspin Forehand Stroke. Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2020, 2020, 1 -10.
AMA StyleZiemowit Bańkosz, Sławomir Winiarski. Using Wearable Inertial Sensors to Estimate Kinematic Parameters and Variability in the Table Tennis Topspin Forehand Stroke. Applied Bionics and Biomechanics. 2020; 2020 ():1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZiemowit Bańkosz; Sławomir Winiarski. 2020. "Using Wearable Inertial Sensors to Estimate Kinematic Parameters and Variability in the Table Tennis Topspin Forehand Stroke." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2020, no. : 1-10.
Purpose. We propose a new concept of symmetry, the symmetry function, as a continuous function of the percentage of differences between sides of body movement and normalised throughout the whole range of motion. The method is used to assess the dynamical symmetry of gait of patients after unilateral total hip replacement (asymmetric group) and healthy people (symmetric group) and also to reveal discrepancies between normal and abnormal movement patterns. Methods. The gait of twelve male patients (49.7±2.8 y), six weeks after unilateral total hip replacement (uTHR), was analysed against the gait of thirteen healthy men (36.1±3.1 y). The speed of healthy men was matched to the speed of the patients. Comparison of the affected limb in uTHR patients with the healthy limb of able-bodied men was carried out on the basis of the highest symmetry values in the sagittal plane. Results. In uTHR patients, the symmetry function provides information on the symmetry of movements in the whole range of motion in contrast to symmetry indices which are calculated for selected parameters or peak values. Research revealed average asymmetric discrepancies for pelvic tilt up to 250% for the entire gait cycle with a peak of approx. 400% at the end of the loading response and terminal swing phases. Asymmetry of gait observed in other joints was below 200% of the mean range of motion. Conclusions. Regions of the greatest asymmetry in pathological movements are usually different from the region of the greatest range of motion. Therefore, it is insufficient to measure symmetry only for selected regions during motion. The symmetry function is a simple method which can complement other robust methods in time series data evaluation and interpretation.
Slawomir Winiarski; Alicja Rutkowska-Kucharska; Andrzej Pozowski; Krzysztof Aleksandrowicz. A New Method of Evaluating the Symmetry of Movement Used to Assess the Gait of Patients after Unilateral Total Hip Replacement. Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2019, 2019, 1 -11.
AMA StyleSlawomir Winiarski, Alicja Rutkowska-Kucharska, Andrzej Pozowski, Krzysztof Aleksandrowicz. A New Method of Evaluating the Symmetry of Movement Used to Assess the Gait of Patients after Unilateral Total Hip Replacement. Applied Bionics and Biomechanics. 2019; 2019 ():1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSlawomir Winiarski; Alicja Rutkowska-Kucharska; Andrzej Pozowski; Krzysztof Aleksandrowicz. 2019. "A New Method of Evaluating the Symmetry of Movement Used to Assess the Gait of Patients after Unilateral Total Hip Replacement." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2019, no. : 1-11.
Normal gait pattern is the key component in the investigation of pathological gait patterns. In computer motion analysis there is a need to include data from participants with different somatic structures to develop a normative database or to limit the database results to a specific population. The aim of this study was to determine kinematic gait patterns for young, active women walking with low, preferred, and self-selected speeds with regard to their somatic characteristics. Laboratory-based gait analysis was performed on 1320 gait cycles taken from 20 young, active women walking with three different speeds. Comprehensive anthropometric measurements and descriptive statistics were used to describe spatiotemporal and angular variables at each walking condition. The results demonstrated some significant differences in young, active women walking between different speeds and compared to the literature. This suggests that there is a need to include data from participants with different somatic structures to develop a normative database or limit the database results to a specific population. Detailed linear and angular kinematic variables allow for proper adjustment of parameters depending on the gait speed of people with locomotion disorders.
Slawomir Winiarski; Jadwiga Pietraszewska; Bogdan Pietraszewski. Three-Dimensional Human Gait Pattern: Reference Data for Young, Active Women Walking with Low, Preferred, and High Speeds. BioMed Research International 2019, 2019, 1 -7.
AMA StyleSlawomir Winiarski, Jadwiga Pietraszewska, Bogdan Pietraszewski. Three-Dimensional Human Gait Pattern: Reference Data for Young, Active Women Walking with Low, Preferred, and High Speeds. BioMed Research International. 2019; 2019 ():1-7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSlawomir Winiarski; Jadwiga Pietraszewska; Bogdan Pietraszewski. 2019. "Three-Dimensional Human Gait Pattern: Reference Data for Young, Active Women Walking with Low, Preferred, and High Speeds." BioMed Research International 2019, no. : 1-7.
Many studies have shown that unilateral transfemoral amputation involves asymmetric gait. Transfemoral amputation leads to muscle atrophy in a tight stump resulting in asymmetry in muscle torque between the amputated and intact limb. This research is aimed at verifying if a relationship between torque values of hip joint flexors and extensors and gait asymmetry in patients with TFA exists. Fourteen adult subjects with unilateral TFA took part in the experiment. Gait symmetry was evaluated based on the ground reaction force (GRF). Measurements of muscle torque of hip flexors and extensors were taken with a Biodex System. All measurements were taken under isokinetic (60°/s and 120°/s) and isometric conditions. The symmetry index of vertical GRF components was from 7.5 to 11.5%, and anterio-posterior GRF from 6.2 to 9.3%. The symmetry index for muscle torque was from 24.3 to 44% for flexors, from 39 to 50.5% for extensors, and from 28.6 to 50% in the flexor/extensor ratio. Gait asymmetry correlated with muscle torque in hip joint extensors. Therapy which enhances muscle torque may be an effective form of patient therapy. The patient needs to undergo evaluation of their muscle strength and have the therapy programme adjusted to their level of muscle torque deficit.
Alicja Rutkowska-Kucharska; Mateusz Kowal; Sławomir Winiarski. Relationship between Asymmetry of Gait and Muscle Torque in Patients after Unilateral Transfemoral Amputation. Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2018, 2018, 1 -9.
AMA StyleAlicja Rutkowska-Kucharska, Mateusz Kowal, Sławomir Winiarski. Relationship between Asymmetry of Gait and Muscle Torque in Patients after Unilateral Transfemoral Amputation. Applied Bionics and Biomechanics. 2018; 2018 ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlicja Rutkowska-Kucharska; Mateusz Kowal; Sławomir Winiarski. 2018. "Relationship between Asymmetry of Gait and Muscle Torque in Patients after Unilateral Transfemoral Amputation." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2018, no. : 1-9.
Slawomir Winiarski; Krzysztof Aleksandrowicz. Development of the Dynamical Asymmetry Function for detection of regions of asymmetry. Gait & Posture 2017, 57, 291 -292.
AMA StyleSlawomir Winiarski, Krzysztof Aleksandrowicz. Development of the Dynamical Asymmetry Function for detection of regions of asymmetry. Gait & Posture. 2017; 57 ():291-292.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSlawomir Winiarski; Krzysztof Aleksandrowicz. 2017. "Development of the Dynamical Asymmetry Function for detection of regions of asymmetry." Gait & Posture 57, no. : 291-292.
The aim of this research was to determine the features of a step workout technique which may be related to motor system overloading in step aerobics. Subjects participating in the research were instructors (n=15) and students (n=15) without any prior experience in step aerobics. Kinematic and kinetic data was collected with the use of the BTS SMART system comprised of 6 calibrated video cameras and two Kistler force plates. The subjects’ task was to perform basic steps. The following variables were analyzed: vertical, anteroposterior, and mediolateral ground reaction forces; foot flexion and abduction and adduction angles; knee joint flexion angle; and trunk flexion angle in the sagittal plane. The angle of a foot adduction recorded for the instructors was significantly smaller than that of the students. The knee joint angle while stepping up was significantly higher for the instructors compared to that for the students. Our research confirmed that foot dorsal flexion and adduction performed while stepping up increased load on the ankle joint. Both small and large angles of knee flexion while stepping up and down resulted in knee joint injuries. A small trunk flexion angle in the entire cycle of step workout shut down dorsal muscles, which stopped suppressing the load put on the spine.
Alicja Rutkowska-Kucharska; Katarzyna Wysocka; Sławomir Winiarski; Agnieszka Szpala; Małgorzata Sobera. An Investigation into the Relation between the Technique of Movement and Overload in Step Aerobics. Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2017, 2017, 1 -7.
AMA StyleAlicja Rutkowska-Kucharska, Katarzyna Wysocka, Sławomir Winiarski, Agnieszka Szpala, Małgorzata Sobera. An Investigation into the Relation between the Technique of Movement and Overload in Step Aerobics. Applied Bionics and Biomechanics. 2017; 2017 ():1-7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlicja Rutkowska-Kucharska; Katarzyna Wysocka; Sławomir Winiarski; Agnieszka Szpala; Małgorzata Sobera. 2017. "An Investigation into the Relation between the Technique of Movement and Overload in Step Aerobics." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2017, no. : 1-7.
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most effective methods of treatment of severe hip osteoarthritis (HOA). In many cases pathological gait patterns persist despite properly conducted surgery and disturb the normal wear of the artificial joint surfaces. The aim of the study was to conduct functional and biomechanical assessment of gait in a patient after bilateral THA due to severe degenerative changes in the hip. The assessment focused on the gait parameters which significantly deviate from a normal gait pattern at various stages of treatment. Physiotherapeutic assessment of the patient included measurements of the range of motion in lower limb joints, the Timed Up and Go test, and pain assessment. Biomechanical assessment involved measurements of spatiotemporal gait parameters and the dynamic range of motion using BTS Smart-E motion analysis system. Although clinical examinations after both the first and second procedure suggested recovery of the patient's physical function, biomechanical assessment of her gait after the second procedure indicated the presence of deviations from a normal gait pattern. Secondary to a limited range of internal/external hip rotation, extension, and abduction, corresponding indices were still in the pathological range.
Sławomir Winiarski; Krzysztof Aleksandrowicz; Sławomir Jarząb; Andrzej Pozowski; Alicja Rutkowska-Kucharska. Assessment of gait after bilateral hip replacement. Case study. Ortopedia Traumatologia Rehabilitacja 2014, 16, 1 .
AMA StyleSławomir Winiarski, Krzysztof Aleksandrowicz, Sławomir Jarząb, Andrzej Pozowski, Alicja Rutkowska-Kucharska. Assessment of gait after bilateral hip replacement. Case study. Ortopedia Traumatologia Rehabilitacja. 2014; 16 (2):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSławomir Winiarski; Krzysztof Aleksandrowicz; Sławomir Jarząb; Andrzej Pozowski; Alicja Rutkowska-Kucharska. 2014. "Assessment of gait after bilateral hip replacement. Case study." Ortopedia Traumatologia Rehabilitacja 16, no. 2: 1.
Sławomir Winiarski; Karolina Dubiel-Wuchowicz; Alicja Rutkowska-Kucharska. Symmetry of support scull and vertical position stability in synchronized swimming. Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics 2013, 15, 1 .
AMA StyleSławomir Winiarski, Karolina Dubiel-Wuchowicz, Alicja Rutkowska-Kucharska. Symmetry of support scull and vertical position stability in synchronized swimming. Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics. 2013; 15 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSławomir Winiarski; Karolina Dubiel-Wuchowicz; Alicja Rutkowska-Kucharska. 2013. "Symmetry of support scull and vertical position stability in synchronized swimming." Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics 15, no. 1: 1.
Bogdan Pietraszewski; Sławomir Winiarski; Sebastian Jaroszczuk. Three-dimensional human gait pattern - reference data for normal men. Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics 2012, 14, 1 .
AMA StyleBogdan Pietraszewski, Sławomir Winiarski, Sebastian Jaroszczuk. Three-dimensional human gait pattern - reference data for normal men. Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics. 2012; 14 (3):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBogdan Pietraszewski; Sławomir Winiarski; Sebastian Jaroszczuk. 2012. "Three-dimensional human gait pattern - reference data for normal men." Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics 14, no. 3: 1.
Slawomir Winiarski; Andrzej Czamara. Evaluation of gait kinematics and symmetry during the first two stages of physiotherapy after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics 2012, 14, 1 .
AMA StyleSlawomir Winiarski, Andrzej Czamara. Evaluation of gait kinematics and symmetry during the first two stages of physiotherapy after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics. 2012; 14 (2):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSlawomir Winiarski; Andrzej Czamara. 2012. "Evaluation of gait kinematics and symmetry during the first two stages of physiotherapy after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction." Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics 14, no. 2: 1.
Sławomir Winiarski; Alicja Rutkowska-Kucharska. Estimated ground reaction force in normal and pathological gait. Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics 2009, 11, 1 .
AMA StyleSławomir Winiarski, Alicja Rutkowska-Kucharska. Estimated ground reaction force in normal and pathological gait. Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics. 2009; 11 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSławomir Winiarski; Alicja Rutkowska-Kucharska. 2009. "Estimated ground reaction force in normal and pathological gait." Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics 11, no. 1: 1.
Jarosław Skolimowski; Slawomir Winiarski; Joanna Anwajler; Beata Skolimowska; Katarzyna Barczyk; Krzysztof Dudek. Bioelectric activity of selected muscle groups in people with impingement syndrome. Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics 2009, 11, 1 .
AMA StyleJarosław Skolimowski, Slawomir Winiarski, Joanna Anwajler, Beata Skolimowska, Katarzyna Barczyk, Krzysztof Dudek. Bioelectric activity of selected muscle groups in people with impingement syndrome. Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics. 2009; 11 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJarosław Skolimowski; Slawomir Winiarski; Joanna Anwajler; Beata Skolimowska; Katarzyna Barczyk; Krzysztof Dudek. 2009. "Bioelectric activity of selected muscle groups in people with impingement syndrome." Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics 11, no. 1: 1.
Jarosław Skolimowski; Slawomir Winiarski; Ewa Demczuk-Włodarczyk; Katarzyna Barczyk; Beata Skolimowska; Krzysztof Dudek. Principles of physiotherapeutic management of shoulder impingement syndrome. Ortopedia Traumatologia Rehabilitacja 2008, 10, 1 .
AMA StyleJarosław Skolimowski, Slawomir Winiarski, Ewa Demczuk-Włodarczyk, Katarzyna Barczyk, Beata Skolimowska, Krzysztof Dudek. Principles of physiotherapeutic management of shoulder impingement syndrome. Ortopedia Traumatologia Rehabilitacja. 2008; 10 (5):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJarosław Skolimowski; Slawomir Winiarski; Ewa Demczuk-Włodarczyk; Katarzyna Barczyk; Beata Skolimowska; Krzysztof Dudek. 2008. "Principles of physiotherapeutic management of shoulder impingement syndrome." Ortopedia Traumatologia Rehabilitacja 10, no. 5: 1.