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The present study aims to investigate the treatment efficiency of soil flushing using waste lemon extract for samples collected from contaminated farmland, in which the copper concentration was measured as 2487 ± 139 mg/kg. The flushing solution, containing 9.9 g/L citric acid, was prepared from the waste lemon extraction process. The soil-flushing treatment using a solution containing commercial citric acids of 10 g/L was also conducted for comparison. Additionally, the collected soil was mixed with crushed waste lemons and the mixture was subjected to a composting process for subsequent stabilization study. After 120-min batch experiments, the desorbed copper concentration for waste lemon-extract experiment was 36.9 mg/L, which was higher than that (28.6 mg/L) for commercial citric solution experiment. The reduction in soil copper concentration (1504 mg/kg) treated by waste lemon-extract flushing was more than that treated by commercial citric solution (1256 mg/kg) at the comparable citric acid concentration. More metals were removed by waste lemon-extract flushing. This is because the waste lemon-extract solution contains additional co-dissolved organic substances with a longer flushing time, which allows more exchange reactions between adsorbed metals and flushing solution. For the treatment with waste lemon extract, the soil pH values were 4.56, 5.70 and 6.29 before, after flushing and after compost treatment, respectively. The observed variation in soil pH also showed that waste lemon extract might be a better flushing agent, while flushing with commercial citric solution decreased the pH in the soil environment. The plant copper availability dropped from 677 mg/kg to 156 mg/kg after waste lemon-extract flushing and stabilization with composted waste lemon. Therefore, the use of waste lemon extract for soil flushing not only removed toxic metals from the soil but also prevented the occurrence of soil acidification, an often-observed phenomenon using an acidic solution in conventional soil flushing. After soil flushing, the application of composted waste lemon could stabilize the toxic metals and increase the pH to a range suitable for plant growth.
Pei-Wen Zhang; Ya-Zhen Huang; Chihhao Fan; Tsun-Kuo Chang. Application of Waste Lemon Extract to Toxic Metal Removal through Gravitational Soil Flushing and Composting Stabilization. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5751 .
AMA StylePei-Wen Zhang, Ya-Zhen Huang, Chihhao Fan, Tsun-Kuo Chang. Application of Waste Lemon Extract to Toxic Metal Removal through Gravitational Soil Flushing and Composting Stabilization. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (14):5751.
Chicago/Turabian StylePei-Wen Zhang; Ya-Zhen Huang; Chihhao Fan; Tsun-Kuo Chang. 2020. "Application of Waste Lemon Extract to Toxic Metal Removal through Gravitational Soil Flushing and Composting Stabilization." Sustainability 12, no. 14: 5751.
In order to provide the real-time monitoring for identifying the sources of pollution and improving the irrigation water quality management, the integration of continuous automatic sampling techniques and cloud technologies is essential. In this study, we have established an automatic real-time monitoring system for improving the irrigation water quality management, especially for heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Cr. As a part of this work, we have first provided several examples on the basic water quality parameters (e.g., pH and electrical conductance) to demonstrate the capacity of data correction by the smart monitoring system, and then evaluated the trend and variance of water quality parameters for different types of monitoring stations. By doing so, the threshold (to initiate early warming) of different water quality parameters could be dynamically determined by the system, and the authorities could be immediately notified for follow-up actions. We have also provided and discussed the representative results from the real-time automatic monitoring system of heavy metals from different monitoring stations. Finally, we have illustrated the implications of the developed smart monitoring system for ensuring the safety of irrigation water in the near future, including integration with automatic sampling for establishing information exchange platform, estimating fluxes of heavy metals to paddy fields, and combining with green technologies for nonpoint source pollution control.
Wei-Jhan Syu; Tsun-Kuo Chang; Shu-Yuan Pan. Establishment of an Automatic Real-Time Monitoring System for Irrigation Water Quality Management. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 737 .
AMA StyleWei-Jhan Syu, Tsun-Kuo Chang, Shu-Yuan Pan. Establishment of an Automatic Real-Time Monitoring System for Irrigation Water Quality Management. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (3):737.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei-Jhan Syu; Tsun-Kuo Chang; Shu-Yuan Pan. 2020. "Establishment of an Automatic Real-Time Monitoring System for Irrigation Water Quality Management." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3: 737.
Many factories were built and scattered around the farmlands in Taiwan due to inappropriate land use planning. Illegal effluent discharge of high concentration of metals from the nearby factories has been threatening the farmlands, causing damages to agricultural production, food safety, and human health. Sampling was mostly responsible for monitoring the water quality of the agricultural environment; however, the analysis is of high cost and time consuming. Due to uneasy controlled environmental factors (i.e., illegal effluents) and time-consuming and expensive traditional analysis techniques (i.e., atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)), we develop a fast-screening method, which is the combination of ion exchange resins and the portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy to identify the source of contaminants in a mixed industrial and agricultural area in Taoyuan County, Taiwan. The time-lapse ion exchange resin sachet (TIERS) is a non-woven bag that is filled with resins and placed in the irrigation channels for continuously absorbing the metal and trace elements in water. The standardization ratios of Cu/Sr and Zn/Sr were calculated as the pollutant indicators for fast-screening the highly polluted sites of exceedance probability of 2.27% in the monitoring area. The TIERS is verified to detect the metal and trace element concentration in an efficient and sufficient way.
Po-Kang Shih; Li-Chi Chiang; Sheng-Chi Lin; Tsun-Kuo Chang; Wei-Chan Hsu. Application of Time-Lapse Ion Exchange Resin Sachets (TIERS) for Detecting Illegal Effluent Discharge in Mixed Industrial and Agricultural Areas, Taiwan. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3129 .
AMA StylePo-Kang Shih, Li-Chi Chiang, Sheng-Chi Lin, Tsun-Kuo Chang, Wei-Chan Hsu. Application of Time-Lapse Ion Exchange Resin Sachets (TIERS) for Detecting Illegal Effluent Discharge in Mixed Industrial and Agricultural Areas, Taiwan. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (11):3129.
Chicago/Turabian StylePo-Kang Shih; Li-Chi Chiang; Sheng-Chi Lin; Tsun-Kuo Chang; Wei-Chan Hsu. 2019. "Application of Time-Lapse Ion Exchange Resin Sachets (TIERS) for Detecting Illegal Effluent Discharge in Mixed Industrial and Agricultural Areas, Taiwan." Sustainability 11, no. 11: 3129.
In order to guarantee high-quality agricultural products and food safety, efforts must be made to manage and maintain healthy agricultural environments under the myriad of risks that they face. Three central system components of sustainable agricultural management schemes are real-time monitoring, decision-making, and remote access. Information and Communications Technology (ICT) systems are a convenient means of providing both these and other functions, such as wireless sensor networking, mobile phone applications, etc., to agricultural management schemes. ICT systems have significantly improved in recent years and have been widely used in many fields, including environmental monitoring and management. Moreover, ICT could benefit agricultural environment management by providing a platform for collaboration between researchers and stakeholders, thereby improving agricultural practices and environments. This article reviews and discusses the way in which ICT can efficiently improve monitoring systems and risk assessments of agricultural environment monitoring, as well as the technological and methodological improvements of ICT systems. Finally, we develop and apply an ICT system, referred to as the agricultural environment protection system—comprised of a cloud, six E-platforms, three mobile devices, automatic monitoring devices, indigenous wireless sensor nodes, and gateways in agricultural networks—to a case study in the Taoyuan irrigation district, which acts as a pilot area in Taiwan. Through the system, we use all available information from the interdisciplinary structured cloud database to classify the focal area into different agricultural environmental risk zones. We also conducted further analysis based on a hierarchical approach in order to classify the agricultural environments in the study area, to allocate additional sampling with resin packages and mobile devices, as well as to assist decision makers and stakeholders. The main contributions that the system provides include a technical innovation platform (suitable for integrating innovations), economic benefits, and societal benefits.
Yu-Pin Lin; Tsun-Kuo Chang; Chihhao Fan; Johnathen Anthony; Joy R. Petway; Wan-Yu Lien; Chiu-Ping Liang; Yi-Fong Ho. Applications of Information and Communication Technology for Improvements of Water and Soil Monitoring and Assessments in Agricultural Areas—A Case Study in the Taoyuan Irrigation District. Environments 2017, 4, 6 .
AMA StyleYu-Pin Lin, Tsun-Kuo Chang, Chihhao Fan, Johnathen Anthony, Joy R. Petway, Wan-Yu Lien, Chiu-Ping Liang, Yi-Fong Ho. Applications of Information and Communication Technology for Improvements of Water and Soil Monitoring and Assessments in Agricultural Areas—A Case Study in the Taoyuan Irrigation District. Environments. 2017; 4 (1):6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu-Pin Lin; Tsun-Kuo Chang; Chihhao Fan; Johnathen Anthony; Joy R. Petway; Wan-Yu Lien; Chiu-Ping Liang; Yi-Fong Ho. 2017. "Applications of Information and Communication Technology for Improvements of Water and Soil Monitoring and Assessments in Agricultural Areas—A Case Study in the Taoyuan Irrigation District." Environments 4, no. 1: 6.
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and treatment efficiency of the Horizontal Sub-Surface Flow Constructed Wetland treatment system (HSF-CW) in an arid climate. Seventeen sub-surface, horizontal-flow HSF-CW units have been operated for approximately three years to improve the quality of partially-treated municipal wastewater. The studied design parameters included two sizes of volcanic tuff media (i.e., fine or coarse), two different bed dimensions (i.e., long and short), and three plantation types (i.e., reed, kenaf, or no vegetation as a control). The effluent Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), and phosphorus from all of the treatments were significantly lower as compared to the influent and demonstrated a removal efficiency of 55%, 51%, 67%, and 55%, respectively. There were significant increases in Electrical Conductivity (EC), sulfate, and calcium in the effluent of most HSF-CWs due to evaporative concentration and mineral dissolution from the media. The study suggests that unplanted beds with either fine or coarse media are the most suitable combinations among all of the studied designs based on their treatment efficiency and less water loss in arid conditions.
Abeer Albalawneh; Tsun-Kuo Chang; Chi-Su Chou; Sireen Naoum. Efficiency of a Horizontal Sub-Surface Flow Constructed Wetland Treatment System in an Arid Area. Water 2016, 8, 51 .
AMA StyleAbeer Albalawneh, Tsun-Kuo Chang, Chi-Su Chou, Sireen Naoum. Efficiency of a Horizontal Sub-Surface Flow Constructed Wetland Treatment System in an Arid Area. Water. 2016; 8 (2):51.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbeer Albalawneh; Tsun-Kuo Chang; Chi-Su Chou; Sireen Naoum. 2016. "Efficiency of a Horizontal Sub-Surface Flow Constructed Wetland Treatment System in an Arid Area." Water 8, no. 2: 51.
In this study, we reviewed greywater characteristics and various treatment technologies with the aim of coming up with the schematic of greywater recycling system designed specifically for restricted agricultural irrigation reuse. Characteristics of greywater are highly variable; greywater amount varies from 50% to 80% of the wastewater volume produced by households. All types of greywater show good biodegradability in terms of COD: BOD5 ratios. The ratio of BOD5/COD in greywater ranged from 0.31 to 0.71. Most countries apply the same standards to reclaimed municipal wastewater as they do to greywater. However, some countries have established specialized standards for greywater reuse. Technologies used for greywater treatment are classified into physical, chemical, biological, and natural systems, or a combination of these. Using physical greywater treatment processes solely as the main treatment method is insufficient for greywater treatment, chemical greywater treatment processes are attractive for single household low-strength greywater treatment systems, as the variability in the strength and flow of the greywater did not affect their treatment performance. Constructed wetland can be regarded as the most environmentally friendly and cost-effective technology for greywater treatment and reuses. Finally, the study suggests the possible greywater recycling scheme for agricultural irrigation reuse purposes.
Abeer Albalawneh; Tsun-Kuo Chang. REVIEW OF THE GREYWATER AND PROPOSED GREYWATER RECYCLING SCHEME FOR AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION REUSES. International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 2015, 3, 16 -35.
AMA StyleAbeer Albalawneh, Tsun-Kuo Chang. REVIEW OF THE GREYWATER AND PROPOSED GREYWATER RECYCLING SCHEME FOR AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION REUSES. International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH. 2015; 3 (12):16-35.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbeer Albalawneh; Tsun-Kuo Chang. 2015. "REVIEW OF THE GREYWATER AND PROPOSED GREYWATER RECYCLING SCHEME FOR AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION REUSES." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 12: 16-35.
Jordan is characterized as a “water scarce” country. Therefore, conserving ecosystem services such as water regulation and soil retention is challenging. In Jordan, rainwater harvesting has been adapted to meet those challenges. However, the spatial composition and configuration features of a target landscape are rarely considered when selecting a rainwater-harvesting site. This study aimed to introduce landscape spatial features into the schemes for selecting a proper water-harvesting site. Landscape metrics analysis was used to quantify 10 metrics for three potential landscapes (i.e., Watershed 104 (WS 104), Watershed 59 (WS 59), and Watershed 108 (WS 108)) located in the Jordanian Badia region. Results of the metrics analysis showed that the three non–vegetative land cover types in the three landscapes were highly suitable for serving as rainwater harvesting sites. Furthermore, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to prioritize the fitness of the three target sites by comparing their landscape metrics. Results of AHP indicate that the non-vegetative land cover in the WS 104 landscape was the most suitable site for rainwater harvesting intervention, based on its dominance, connectivity, shape, and low degree of fragmentation. Our study advances the water harvesting network design by considering its landscape spatial pattern.
Abeer Albalawneh; Tsun-Kuo Chang; Chun-Wei Huang; Safa Mazahreh. Using Landscape Metrics Analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process to Assess Water Harvesting Potential Sites in Jordan. Environments 2015, 2, 415 -434.
AMA StyleAbeer Albalawneh, Tsun-Kuo Chang, Chun-Wei Huang, Safa Mazahreh. Using Landscape Metrics Analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process to Assess Water Harvesting Potential Sites in Jordan. Environments. 2015; 2 (4):415-434.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbeer Albalawneh; Tsun-Kuo Chang; Chun-Wei Huang; Safa Mazahreh. 2015. "Using Landscape Metrics Analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process to Assess Water Harvesting Potential Sites in Jordan." Environments 2, no. 4: 415-434.
Drought condition in many places leads to the imperative use of greywater for irrigation. There is a serious concern on the impact of such prolonged uses on soil sustainability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term impacts of greywater irrigation on soil electrical conductivity (EC) and other soil quality parameters in field conditions. Six locations were monitored in this study where home gardens have been irrigated with treated greywater for 2 years. Results showed a general reduction in EC levels of soil samples along all depth intervals at all locations. The average soil EC before greywater irrigation was 0.97 dS/m and decreased to 0.41 dS/m, which may be due to the use of greywater as well as the rainwater effect. The reduction in soil EC and irrigation water quantity shows positive correlation (correlation coefficient r = 0.64). Calcium precipitation might also have a major role in soil EC reduction. Soil calcium content was 81 mg L−1 before using treated greywater and decreased to 43 mg L−1 after 2 years of treated greywater usage, which might have been caused by calcium carbonates (CaCO3) precipitation. The results of other soil chemical analyses clearly show that using treated greywater for irrigation has reduced the concentration of organic matters, K, Cd, Pb, P, Mg, Cl, Na, exchangeable sodium percentage, and sodium adsorption ratio after 2 years of application. Zn concentration increased from 11 to 15 mg L−1, and soil pH became slightly higher from 7.6 to 7.8.
Abeer Albalawneh; Tsun-Kuo Chang; Chi-Su Chou. Impacts on soil quality from long-term irrigation with treated greywater. Paddy and Water Environment 2015, 14, 289 -297.
AMA StyleAbeer Albalawneh, Tsun-Kuo Chang, Chi-Su Chou. Impacts on soil quality from long-term irrigation with treated greywater. Paddy and Water Environment. 2015; 14 (2):289-297.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbeer Albalawneh; Tsun-Kuo Chang; Chi-Su Chou. 2015. "Impacts on soil quality from long-term irrigation with treated greywater." Paddy and Water Environment 14, no. 2: 289-297.
Leaded gasoline in Taiwan was gradually phased out from 1983 to 2000. However, it is unclear whether unleaded gasoline still contributes to atmospheric lead (Pb) exposure in urban areas. In this study, Pb isotopic compositions of unleaded gasolines, with octane numbers of 92, 95, 98, and diesel from two local suppliers in Taipei were determined by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with a two-sigma uncertainty of ± 0.02 %. Lead isotopic ratios of vehicle exhaust (208Pb/207Pb: 2.427, 206Pb/207Pb: 1.148, as estimated from petroleum fuels) overlap with the reported aerosol data. This agreement indicates that local unleaded petroleum fuels, containing 10–45 ng·Pb·g−1, are merely one contributor among various sources to urban aerosol Pb. Additionally, the distinction between the products of the two companies is statistically significant in their individual 208Pb/206Pb ratios (p-value < 0.001, t test). Lead isotopic characterization appears to be applicable as a “fingerprinting” tool for tracing the sources of Pb pollution.
Pei-Hsuan Yao; Guey-Shin Shyu; Ying-Fang Chang; Yu-Chen Chou; Chuan-Chou Shen; Chi-Su Chou; Tsun-Kuo Chang. Lead Isotope Characterization of Petroleum Fuels in Taipei, Taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2015, 12, 4602 -4616.
AMA StylePei-Hsuan Yao, Guey-Shin Shyu, Ying-Fang Chang, Yu-Chen Chou, Chuan-Chou Shen, Chi-Su Chou, Tsun-Kuo Chang. Lead Isotope Characterization of Petroleum Fuels in Taipei, Taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2015; 12 (5):4602-4616.
Chicago/Turabian StylePei-Hsuan Yao; Guey-Shin Shyu; Ying-Fang Chang; Yu-Chen Chou; Chuan-Chou Shen; Chi-Su Chou; Tsun-Kuo Chang. 2015. "Lead Isotope Characterization of Petroleum Fuels in Taipei, Taiwan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12, no. 5: 4602-4616.
Agricultural actions usually involve a decision process collaborating different decision makers and officers. Different decision process may encounter different difficulties depending on the type of actions. In order to make efficient progress in actions, a support system for decision making should be constructed to include not only supporting information for the decision, but also tools for decision management. For such decision support and management system, enhancement in task communication, data summarizing and subtask management should be the focus of the development. In this study, we used MAKOCI (Multi-Agent Knowledge Oriented CyberInfrastructure) as a geospatial platform to convey customized decision knowledge, working procedures, and data processing capability, where ontology and multi-agent are implemented to facilitate modularized application design. A case study on detection and responses of agricultural heavy-metal contamination is given in this study to exemplify the functions of the decision support system designed. By the proposed design, the spatial decision support system facilitates hierarchical task definition and cross-government communications, in addition to supporting spatial and non-spatial decisional information. The decision progress can consequently be enhanced by monitoring, communication and management of actions among partaking users of the system.
Meng-Ying Li; Chih-Hong Sun; Min-Fang Lien; Tsun-Kuo Chang. A design of spatial decision support system to enhance decision progress in agricultural actions. 2014 The Third International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics 2014, 1 -5.
AMA StyleMeng-Ying Li, Chih-Hong Sun, Min-Fang Lien, Tsun-Kuo Chang. A design of spatial decision support system to enhance decision progress in agricultural actions. 2014 The Third International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics. 2014; ():1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMeng-Ying Li; Chih-Hong Sun; Min-Fang Lien; Tsun-Kuo Chang. 2014. "A design of spatial decision support system to enhance decision progress in agricultural actions." 2014 The Third International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics , no. : 1-5.
Some specific types of cancer still pose a severe threat to the health of Taiwanese women. This study focuses on determining the geographical locations of hot spots and causal factors related to the major categories of cancers in Taiwanese women. Cancer mortality data from 1972 to 2001 of 346 townships in Taiwan were obtained from the Atlas of Cancer Mortality. Principal component analysis was conducted to determine the primary categories of female cancers. The spatial patterns of hot spots and cold spots for each major cancer category were identified using the local indicator of spatial association. Finally, the regional differences between the hot spots and cold spots were compared to confirm the possible factors causing cancer throughout Taiwan. A total of 21 cancer types in women were divided into seven major categories, which accounted for 68.0% of the total variance. The results from the spatial autocorrelation analysis showed significant spatial clusters of the cancer categories. Based on the overall consistency of results between this study and those of previous research, this study further identified the high-risk locations and some specific risk factors for major cancer types among Taiwanese women.
Chi-Ting Chiang; Ie-Bin Lian; Ying-Fang Chang; Tsun-Kuo Chang. Geospatial Disparities and the Underlying Causes of Major Cancers for Women in Taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2014, 11, 5613 -5627.
AMA StyleChi-Ting Chiang, Ie-Bin Lian, Ying-Fang Chang, Tsun-Kuo Chang. Geospatial Disparities and the Underlying Causes of Major Cancers for Women in Taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2014; 11 (6):5613-5627.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChi-Ting Chiang; Ie-Bin Lian; Ying-Fang Chang; Tsun-Kuo Chang. 2014. "Geospatial Disparities and the Underlying Causes of Major Cancers for Women in Taiwan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11, no. 6: 5613-5627.
In this study, a deconvolution procedure was used to create a variogram of oral cancer (OC) rates. Based on the variogram, area-to-point (ATP) Poisson kriging and p-field simulation were used to downscale and simulate, respectively, the OC rate data for Taiwan from the district scale to a 1 km × 1 km grid scale. Local cluster analysis (LCA) of OC mortality rates was then performed to identify OC mortality rate hot spots based on the downscaled and the p-field-simulated OC mortality maps. The relationship between OC mortality and land use was studied by overlapping the maps of the downscaled OC mortality, the LCA results, and the land uses. One thousand simulations were performed to quantify local and spatial uncertainties in the LCA to identify OC mortality hot spots. The scatter plots and Spearman’s rank correlation yielded the relationship between OC mortality and concentrations of the seven metals in the 1 km cell grid. The correlation analysis results for the 1 km scale revealed a weak correlation between OC mortality rate and concentrations of the seven studied heavy metals in soil. Accordingly, the heavy metal concentrations in soil are not major determinants of OC mortality rates at the 1 km scale at which soils were sampled. The LCA statistical results for local indicator of spatial association (LISA) revealed that the sites with high probability of high-high (high value surrounded by high values) OC mortality at the 1 km grid scale were clustered in southern, eastern, and mid-western Taiwan. The number of such sites was also significantly higher on agricultural land and in urban regions than on land with other uses. The proposed approach can be used to downscale and evaluate uncertainty in mortality data from a coarse scale to a fine scale at which useful additional information can be obtained for assessing and managing land use and risk.
Wei-Chih Lin; Yu-Pin Lin; Yung-Chieh Wang; Tsun-Kuo Chang; Li-Chi Chiang. Assessing and Mapping Spatial Associations among Oral Cancer Mortality Rates, Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Soil, and Land Use Types Based on Multiple Scale Data. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2014, 11, 2148 -2168.
AMA StyleWei-Chih Lin, Yu-Pin Lin, Yung-Chieh Wang, Tsun-Kuo Chang, Li-Chi Chiang. Assessing and Mapping Spatial Associations among Oral Cancer Mortality Rates, Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Soil, and Land Use Types Based on Multiple Scale Data. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2014; 11 (2):2148-2168.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei-Chih Lin; Yu-Pin Lin; Yung-Chieh Wang; Tsun-Kuo Chang; Li-Chi Chiang. 2014. "Assessing and Mapping Spatial Associations among Oral Cancer Mortality Rates, Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Soil, and Land Use Types Based on Multiple Scale Data." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11, no. 2: 2148-2168.
A study conducted in 2006 showed that over 100 ha of rice paddies in Beitou, Taiwan, irrigated over the years using water mixed with hot spring, was heavily polluted by arsenic. Thus, the objective of the present study is to measure arsenic content in different parts of rice and paddy soils, and eventually explain the arsenic distribution in ratoon rice, including its relationship to the soil. Arsenic levels of rice in grains, straws, roots, and soils were obtained from 15 rice paddies, selected based on different arsenic soil concentrations ranging from 67 to 438 mg kg−1 (n = 15). The mean arsenic content in grains was measured at 0.20 mg kg−1 (n = 60) and the highest grain arsenic of the survey was at 1.183 mg kg−1. Meanwhile, the mean total arsenic levels were 244 mg kg−1 (n = 28) in root and 4.4 mg kg−1 (n = 28) in straw. In comparison, regression of topsoil arsenic levels with rice grains (r 2 = 0.00) and straws (r 2 = 0.56) were less significant compared to that with rice roots (r 2 = 0.93), and the mean arsenic level in rice from root to grain was also shown to have a decreasing trend. Though concentrations of arsenic in compositive rice grain each field did not exceed food hygiene concentration limit, arsenic level in root strongly depended on arsenic concentrations of soil suggesting that the high arsenic concentration may have the potential for translocation from root to grain which ultimately effects on the human health.
S.-C. Lin; Tsun-Kuo Chang; Wen-Dar Huang; Huusheng Lur; Gueyshin Shyu. Accumulation of arsenic in rice plant: a study of an arsenic-contaminated site in Taiwan. Paddy and Water Environment 2013, 13, 11 -18.
AMA StyleS.-C. Lin, Tsun-Kuo Chang, Wen-Dar Huang, Huusheng Lur, Gueyshin Shyu. Accumulation of arsenic in rice plant: a study of an arsenic-contaminated site in Taiwan. Paddy and Water Environment. 2013; 13 (1):11-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS.-C. Lin; Tsun-Kuo Chang; Wen-Dar Huang; Huusheng Lur; Gueyshin Shyu. 2013. "Accumulation of arsenic in rice plant: a study of an arsenic-contaminated site in Taiwan." Paddy and Water Environment 13, no. 1: 11-18.
In 2002, the Environmental Protection Administration of Taiwan began a detailed survey of heavy metals in soils, to determine the scope of the contaminated lands in the Changhua County’s agricultural fields. It was found that agricultural lands have been seriously polluted with Cr, Hg, Cu, Ni, and Zn, due to industrial wastewaters. This study, characterized the processes associated with heavy metal pollution by analyzing heavy metal contents in sediments within two periods, 2002 and 2010. This study employed geostatistical and multivariate statistics to obtain spatio-temporal variations of heavy metal pollution in paddy fields. The results indicate that, changes in industrial types have been altered the characteristics of pollutions, such as reducing the number of plants in industries (i.e., electroplating, surface treatments, metal works, chemicals, papermaking, etc.). Their wastewaters contained a large number of Ni, making the pollution composition of driven factors have been changed that can be indicated in this study. Pollution distribution and irrigation systems are positively correlated and concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn were inversely proportional to the scale of irrigation channels.
B.-Y. Cheng; W.-T. Fang; G.-S. Shyu; Tsun-Kuo Chang. Distribution of heavy metals in the sediments of agricultural fields adjacent to urban areas in Central Taiwan. Paddy and Water Environment 2012, 11, 343 -351.
AMA StyleB.-Y. Cheng, W.-T. Fang, G.-S. Shyu, Tsun-Kuo Chang. Distribution of heavy metals in the sediments of agricultural fields adjacent to urban areas in Central Taiwan. Paddy and Water Environment. 2012; 11 (1):343-351.
Chicago/Turabian StyleB.-Y. Cheng; W.-T. Fang; G.-S. Shyu; Tsun-Kuo Chang. 2012. "Distribution of heavy metals in the sediments of agricultural fields adjacent to urban areas in Central Taiwan." Paddy and Water Environment 11, no. 1: 343-351.
Chi-Ting Chiang; Tsun-Kuo Chang; Ie-Bin Lian; Che-Chun Su; Kuo-Yang Tsai; Yaw-Huei Hwang. Environmental Factors Identified in the Etiology of Oral Cancers in Taiwan. Oral Cancer 2012, 1 .
AMA StyleChi-Ting Chiang, Tsun-Kuo Chang, Ie-Bin Lian, Che-Chun Su, Kuo-Yang Tsai, Yaw-Huei Hwang. Environmental Factors Identified in the Etiology of Oral Cancers in Taiwan. Oral Cancer. 2012; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChi-Ting Chiang; Tsun-Kuo Chang; Ie-Bin Lian; Che-Chun Su; Kuo-Yang Tsai; Yaw-Huei Hwang. 2012. "Environmental Factors Identified in the Etiology of Oral Cancers in Taiwan." Oral Cancer , no. : 1.
Meandering through the most densely populated metropolitan areas of Taipei, Taiwan, the Danshui River and its tributaries have undergone the construction of 14 wetlands since 2004, as a means to improve water quality. This study was conducted to examine the functional capabilities associated with treating non-point source pollution through these riparian wetlands. Trend analysis was used to differentiate dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, ammonia, and Escherichia coli, among 13 sampling sites using both functions of a Mann–Kendall test and a seasonal Mann–Kendall test. The results show that water quality in Taipei metropolitan rivers has been improving since increasing the number of constructed wetlands and connecting households to the public sewage system. The concentration of pollutants such as those influencing biochemical oxygen demand have gradually declined in drought seasons because riparian wetlands contribute a base flow to dilute riverine pollutants. This paper indicates that the creation of treatment systems influences dissolved oxygen conditions at the municipal scale, suggesting that constructed wetlands could stabilize water quality during extreme hydrological events and improve water quality particularly in times of drought.
B.-Y. Cheng; T.-C. Liu; G.-S. Shyu; Tsun-Kuo Chang; W.-T. Fang. Analysis of trends in water quality: constructed wetlands in metropolitan Taipei. Water Science and Technology 2011, 64, 2143 -2150.
AMA StyleB.-Y. Cheng, T.-C. Liu, G.-S. Shyu, Tsun-Kuo Chang, W.-T. Fang. Analysis of trends in water quality: constructed wetlands in metropolitan Taipei. Water Science and Technology. 2011; 64 (11):2143-2150.
Chicago/Turabian StyleB.-Y. Cheng; T.-C. Liu; G.-S. Shyu; Tsun-Kuo Chang; W.-T. Fang. 2011. "Analysis of trends in water quality: constructed wetlands in metropolitan Taipei." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 11: 2143-2150.
Quantifying how soil pollution and a long-term land-use perspective (i.e. human activity) are related is a highly effective means of managing soil resources in central Taiwan. By defining hazard zone as the heavy metal contents that exceed the corresponding control standard, this study estimates not only the spatial patterns of hazardous probability based on only the observed heavy metal data using indicator kriging (IK), but also those that consider auxiliary variables by logistic regression (LR) and regression kriging (RK). Estimation results indicate that the hazard pattern estimated by the IK and RK is more fragmented than those estimated by LR. Moreover, the LR and RK, can determine how a pollution source and a pathway are related. Based on the results, the hazard area is strongly correlated with the locations of industrial plants and irrigation systems in the study area. These methods provide an effective means of exploring hazard risks efficiently for future monitoring of soil contamination. The LR and RK methods not only identify natural and human factors of soil pollutions, but also enhance delineations of identifying hazardous area of soil pollution. Particularly, the RK considers the spatial residuals to improve the goodness of fit in the LR.
Yu-Pin Lin; Bai-You Cheng; Hone-Jay Chu; Tsun-Kuo Chang; Hwa-Lung Yu. Assessing how heavy metal pollution and human activity are related by using logistic regression and kriging methods. Geoderma 2011, 163, 275 -282.
AMA StyleYu-Pin Lin, Bai-You Cheng, Hone-Jay Chu, Tsun-Kuo Chang, Hwa-Lung Yu. Assessing how heavy metal pollution and human activity are related by using logistic regression and kriging methods. Geoderma. 2011; 163 (3-4):275-282.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu-Pin Lin; Bai-You Cheng; Hone-Jay Chu; Tsun-Kuo Chang; Hwa-Lung Yu. 2011. "Assessing how heavy metal pollution and human activity are related by using logistic regression and kriging methods." Geoderma 163, no. 3-4: 275-282.
Soil pollutant concentrations such as heavy metal Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn were collected at 1082 sampling sites in Changhua county of Taiwan. This study applies a spatial autocorrelation analysis for identifying multiple soil pollution hotspots based on original and re-sampling data in the study area. Results show that the multiple hotspots for four heavy metals and are strongly related to the locations of industrial plants and irrigation systems in the study area. Soil pollution hotspots are clearly defined based on the LISA (local indicators of spatial association) cluster maps. The cluster maps show a clear spatial autocorrelation of soil pollutants in cLHS samples, especially for Cr. Furthermore, the maps explore the spatial patterns of hazards and capture the hotspot areas without exhaustive sampling in the study area.
HoneJay Chu; Yu-Pin Lin; Tsun-Kuo Chang. Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis of Soil Pollution Data in Central Taiwan. 2011 International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications 2011, 219 -222.
AMA StyleHoneJay Chu, Yu-Pin Lin, Tsun-Kuo Chang. Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis of Soil Pollution Data in Central Taiwan. 2011 International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications. 2011; ():219-222.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHoneJay Chu; Yu-Pin Lin; Tsun-Kuo Chang. 2011. "Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis of Soil Pollution Data in Central Taiwan." 2011 International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications , no. : 219-222.
In Taiwan many factors, whether geological parent materials, human activities, and climate change, can affect the groundwater quality and its stability. This work combines factor analysis and kriging with information entropy theory to interpret the stability of groundwater quality variation in Taiwan between 2005 and 2007. Groundwater quality demonstrated apparent differences between the northern and southern areas of Taiwan when divided by the Wu River. Approximately 52% of the monitoring wells in southern Taiwan suffered from progressing seawater intrusion, causing unstable groundwater quality. Industrial and livestock wastewaters also polluted 59.6% of the monitoring wells, resulting in elevated EC and TOC concentrations in the groundwater. In northern Taiwan, domestic wastewaters polluted city groundwater, resulting in higher NH3-N concentration and groundwater quality instability was apparent among 10.3% of the monitoring wells. The method proposed in this study for analyzing groundwater quality inspects common stability factors, identifies potential areas influenced by common factors, and assists in elevating and reinforcing information in support of an overall groundwater management strategy.
Guey-Shin Shyu; Bai-You Cheng; Chi-Ting Chiang; Pei-Hsuan Yao; Tsun-Kuo Chang. Applying Factor Analysis Combined with Kriging and Information Entropy Theory for Mapping and Evaluating the Stability of Groundwater Quality Variation in Taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2011, 8, 1084 -1109.
AMA StyleGuey-Shin Shyu, Bai-You Cheng, Chi-Ting Chiang, Pei-Hsuan Yao, Tsun-Kuo Chang. Applying Factor Analysis Combined with Kriging and Information Entropy Theory for Mapping and Evaluating the Stability of Groundwater Quality Variation in Taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2011; 8 (4):1084-1109.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuey-Shin Shyu; Bai-You Cheng; Chi-Ting Chiang; Pei-Hsuan Yao; Tsun-Kuo Chang. 2011. "Applying Factor Analysis Combined with Kriging and Information Entropy Theory for Mapping and Evaluating the Stability of Groundwater Quality Variation in Taiwan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 8, no. 4: 1084-1109.
Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers in Taiwan. Changhua County, in central Taiwan, has an extremely high prevalence of oral cancer, along with a high concentration of metal-related industries and soil metal contamination. The aim of this study was to clarify the possible association between metals and oral cancer within this specific area. This study recruited 101 oral cancer patients and 104 controls from the Changhua Christian Hospital. All subjects completed a questionnaire that asked about demographic information; cigarette, alcohol, and betel quid use; and environmental and occupational exposure history. Blood samples were collected and tested for metal concentrations with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A multiple logistic regression model illustrated that oral cancer was significantly associated with the blood levels of nickel and chromium (both with P < 0.0001) after controlling for potential confounders. This study suggested a potential role of these two metals in the mechanism of oral cancer development.
Tzu-Hsuen Yuan; Ie-Bin Lian; Kuo-Yang Tsai; Tsun-Kuo Chang; Chi-Ting Chiang; Che-Chun Su; Yaw-Huei Hwang. Possible association between nickel and chromium and oral cancer: A case–control study in central Taiwan. Science of The Total Environment 2011, 409, 1046 -1052.
AMA StyleTzu-Hsuen Yuan, Ie-Bin Lian, Kuo-Yang Tsai, Tsun-Kuo Chang, Chi-Ting Chiang, Che-Chun Su, Yaw-Huei Hwang. Possible association between nickel and chromium and oral cancer: A case–control study in central Taiwan. Science of The Total Environment. 2011; 409 (6):1046-1052.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTzu-Hsuen Yuan; Ie-Bin Lian; Kuo-Yang Tsai; Tsun-Kuo Chang; Chi-Ting Chiang; Che-Chun Su; Yaw-Huei Hwang. 2011. "Possible association between nickel and chromium and oral cancer: A case–control study in central Taiwan." Science of The Total Environment 409, no. 6: 1046-1052.