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If the current policy explores the utilization of active ingredients in use quickly and to the maximum, the same does not occur with the ban on the registration of products highly dangerous to both health and the environment. The current policy does not aim at reducing pesticide toxicity and ecotoxicity, required to reduce environmental contamination and human exposure. To this end, it is essential to adjust scientific evaluation parameters concerning lower concentration tolerance limits to modernity standards, in addition to banning products for which there is scientific evidence of carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic actions. In ecotoxicology, reducing the applicable concentration limits is paramount for preserving bees, birds, and other forms of domestic and wildlife. When evaluating active ingredients, it is imperative to prioritize more biodegradable molecules with low potential for environmental mobilization through volatilization and leaching, preserving both air and water quality. Another goal, among others, is a program for the generalized reduction of successfully implemented in several countries. Brazil, a tropical agriculture leader, should stand out by incorporating sustainability while preserving both health and the environment.
Tomaz Langenbach; Luiz Caldas; Tácio De Campos; Fábio Correia; Nelson Lorenz; Daniele Marinho; Denise Mano; Luiz Meirelles; Manildo Oliveira; Claudio Parente; João Torres; Leonardo Vicente; Eliana Vieira. Perspectives on Sustainable Pesticide Control in Brazil. World 2021, 2, 295 -301.
AMA StyleTomaz Langenbach, Luiz Caldas, Tácio De Campos, Fábio Correia, Nelson Lorenz, Daniele Marinho, Denise Mano, Luiz Meirelles, Manildo Oliveira, Claudio Parente, João Torres, Leonardo Vicente, Eliana Vieira. Perspectives on Sustainable Pesticide Control in Brazil. World. 2021; 2 (2):295-301.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTomaz Langenbach; Luiz Caldas; Tácio De Campos; Fábio Correia; Nelson Lorenz; Daniele Marinho; Denise Mano; Luiz Meirelles; Manildo Oliveira; Claudio Parente; João Torres; Leonardo Vicente; Eliana Vieira. 2021. "Perspectives on Sustainable Pesticide Control in Brazil." World 2, no. 2: 295-301.
Farmer populations living in houses inside vegetable gardens are exposed to indoor pesticide pollution. The pulverization drift and volatile pesticides transported by wind are important sources of indoor pollution, which can be mitigated by hedgerows. This study was the first attempt in Brazil to investigate the efficiency of six different hedgerow species in decreasing pesticide residues in air. In the sprayed pesticide fluid was introduced a fluorescent compound (p‐aminobenzoic acid or PABA) that traced the pesticide in the water. Samples were collected in Petri dishes positioned on stakes at different heights in front and behind hedgerows. Data indicated barrier efficiency of up to 99%. Simulation of non‐target drift contamination with herbicide concentrations show reduced senescence effects on leaves and no threat to survival. Hedgerows are a feasible, simple, and cheap, techniques which may be easily used by farmers, independently of external support and efficiently mitigating indoor pesticide pollution, thus protecting human health.
T. Langenbach; A.H. Mager; M.M. Campos; A. De Falco; R. Aucélio; L.Q.A. Caldas. HEDGEROW MITIGATION TO PREVENT PESTICIDE EXPOSURE OF A POPULATION LIVING IN A RURAL AREA. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleT. Langenbach, A.H. Mager, M.M. Campos, A. De Falco, R. Aucélio, L.Q.A. Caldas. HEDGEROW MITIGATION TO PREVENT PESTICIDE EXPOSURE OF A POPULATION LIVING IN A RURAL AREA. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleT. Langenbach; A.H. Mager; M.M. Campos; A. De Falco; R. Aucélio; L.Q.A. Caldas. 2021. "HEDGEROW MITIGATION TO PREVENT PESTICIDE EXPOSURE OF A POPULATION LIVING IN A RURAL AREA." Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management , no. : 1.
More than four billion of tons of pesticides are used annually in agriculture worldwide. Part of it drifts down after pulverization, but a volatilized portion moves upwards. Pulverized pesticide applications are controlled by different parameters of fan and climate conditions. This can be mitigated with buffer zones, hedgerows and forest strips. Volatilization is determined by physicochemical parameters of the product and adsorption capacity to soils and leaves, and climate conditions. Prevention is the only efficient approach by banning high vapor pressure active ingredients. Volatilized pesticides are transported by air streams. Subsequently products are retained by mountains or eventually moved further by wind and descend in rain returning them to soil or vegetation. All regions of the planet are submitted to air pollution and nowadays pristine environments are very rare. These pollutants have hazardous effects on environment and toxic effects to skin and when they reach the blood stream directly via the lungs, are more intense to humans than from ingestion. The challenge of this overview highlights sustainability to avoid airborne pesticides by different strategies such as reduction of amounts sprayed through integrated pest management and mainly replacement of hazardous chemical pesticides by harmless ones or by biological control.
Tomaz Langenbach; Tácio M.P. de Campos; Luiz Querino Caldas. Why Airborne Pesticides Are So Dangerous. Air Quality [Working Title] 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleTomaz Langenbach, Tácio M.P. de Campos, Luiz Querino Caldas. Why Airborne Pesticides Are So Dangerous. Air Quality [Working Title]. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTomaz Langenbach; Tácio M.P. de Campos; Luiz Querino Caldas. 2021. "Why Airborne Pesticides Are So Dangerous." Air Quality [Working Title] , no. : 1.
Pesticide air pollution by spraying was evaluated under different temperature, humidity and wind climatic conditions in Brazil. Field experiments were performed with application towards the soil and in guava orchards, where spray dispersion was monitored by adding p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), a fluorescent substance, as a tracer to the water contained in the spray tanks. Samples were collected with filter membranes (Whatman 180025), and the PABA was extracted from the filters by shaking with water in a Petri dish and measured in a spectrofluorometer. A spray aimed towards the soil with filters positioned on the ground and hung at different heights did not show different upward dispersion as observed when lateral pulverization was conducted. In this case, a tractor with a sprayer moved through a 3 m high and 6 m wide frame with filter membranes mounted at 60 cm intervals. Spray dispersion patterns were modified by guava leaf resistance. No influence of temperature and humidity was observed in this short-lived spraying process. Nevertheless, wind drift can occur during airborne dispersion and is an important pesticide pollution source which requires control. Droplets with PABA powered by assisted spraying upwards returned to the ground by gravity and, therefore, did not constitute a vertical source of atmospheric pollution.
Tomaz Langenbach; Denise Mano; Maize M. Campos; Alessandra L.M.C. Cunha; Tácio M.P. De Campos. Pesticide dispersion by spraying under tropical conditions. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 2017, 52, 843 -849.
AMA StyleTomaz Langenbach, Denise Mano, Maize M. Campos, Alessandra L.M.C. Cunha, Tácio M.P. De Campos. Pesticide dispersion by spraying under tropical conditions. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B. 2017; 52 (12):843-849.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTomaz Langenbach; Denise Mano; Maize M. Campos; Alessandra L.M.C. Cunha; Tácio M.P. De Campos. 2017. "Pesticide dispersion by spraying under tropical conditions." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 52, no. 12: 843-849.
Atrazine (2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine) is a persistent herbicide used on some crops and it has been found both in ground and surface water and drainage systems. This work studied the behaviour of atrazine during a sewage treatment process by activated sludge. The process was conducted on a laboratory scale using an under fed-batch system with a hydraulic retention time of 24 hours. After this period, the raw sewage (with atrazine) was changed and another batch was begun (the sludge age was 7 days old). Radiolabel molecules (14C-atrazine) were used for to trace their fate and to measure to the 14C-CO2 and the residues of atrazine were analysed by HPLC/UV. Initially about 50% of radioactivity was sorbed by the settled sludge but it was desorbed with successive additions of raw sewage without atrazine. The final balance of radioactivity showed that 98% of the atrazine was released into the treated effluent, probably without any biodegradation. Therefore, other organic micropollutants with similar characteristics to atrazine may behave a similar way.
Jaime L. M. Oliveira; Edir M. Ferreira; Denise Da P. Silva; Márcia Dezotti; Tomaz Langenbach. Fate of the herbicide 14C-atrazine during sewage treatment on a lab-scale bioreactor. Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 2013, 8, 27 -33.
AMA StyleJaime L. M. Oliveira, Edir M. Ferreira, Denise Da P. Silva, Márcia Dezotti, Tomaz Langenbach. Fate of the herbicide 14C-atrazine during sewage treatment on a lab-scale bioreactor. Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science. 2013; 8 (2):27-33.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaime L. M. Oliveira; Edir M. Ferreira; Denise Da P. Silva; Márcia Dezotti; Tomaz Langenbach. 2013. "Fate of the herbicide 14C-atrazine during sewage treatment on a lab-scale bioreactor." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 8, no. 2: 27-33.
Organic micropollutants are often found in domestic and industrial effluents. Thus, it is important to learn their fate, the metabolites generated and their sorption during biological treatment processes. This work investigated the biodegradation of 14C-dicofol organochloride during wastewater aerobic treatment and sludge anaerobic biodigestion. The performance of these processes was evaluated by physical-chemical parameters. Radioactivity levels were monitored in both treatments, and residues of dicofol (DCF) and dichlorobenzophenone (DBP) were quantified by HPLC/UV. The efficiency of the aerobic and anaerobic processes was slightly reduced in the presence of DCF and DBP. After aerobic treatment, only 0.1% of DCF was mineralized, and 57% of radioactivity remained sorbed on biological sludge as DBP. After 18 days of anaerobiosis, only 3% of DCF and 5% of DBP were detected in the sludge. However, 70% of radioactivity remained in the sludge, probably as other metabolites. Dicofol was biodegraded in the investigated process, but not mineralized.
Jaime L. Da M. Oliveira; Denise P. Silva; Edir M. Martins; Tomaz Langenbach; Marcia Dezotti. Biodegradation of 14C-dicofol in wastewater aerobic treatment and sludge anaerobic biodigestion. Environmental Technology 2011, 33, 695 -701.
AMA StyleJaime L. Da M. Oliveira, Denise P. Silva, Edir M. Martins, Tomaz Langenbach, Marcia Dezotti. Biodegradation of 14C-dicofol in wastewater aerobic treatment and sludge anaerobic biodigestion. Environmental Technology. 2011; 33 (6):695-701.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaime L. Da M. Oliveira; Denise P. Silva; Edir M. Martins; Tomaz Langenbach; Marcia Dezotti. 2011. "Biodegradation of 14C-dicofol in wastewater aerobic treatment and sludge anaerobic biodigestion." Environmental Technology 33, no. 6: 695-701.
A pouca informação sobre o movimento de pesticidas em solos brasileiros com manejo de plantio direto torna o conhecimento desse assunto de grande relevância na avaliação de risco de contaminação do solo e de lençóis de água. Os experimentos simularam chuvas intensas com fluxo contínuo por meio de uma nova técnica para a determinação simultânea das propriedades de advecção, difusão e sorção, representando o transporte de contaminantes ao longo do perfil de solo estudado. Os resultados mostraram que as propriedades físico-químicas não se correlacionam com a permeabilidade do solo e a lixiviação da atrazina. A condutividade 10 vezes maior no plantio direto (PD) e sistema natural (SN) do que no sistema convencional (SC) e solo subsuperficial (SUB) sugere que o processo de advecção ocorre predominantemente através dos macroporos por fluxo preferencial, que são destruídos na aração do SC. Dessa forma, a condição de fluxo contínuo, representando fortes chuvas, faz com que a lixiviação em PD seja maior que em SC, contrariando dados da literatura em experimentos de campo com chuvas intermitentes, os quais mostraram menor lixiviação em PD comparado ao SC. Os riscos de contaminação dos lençóis de água não são determinados apenas pelo manejo do solo, mas também pelas condições pluviométricas intensas nos trópicos, com perspectivas de ainda serem maiores nos cenários de mudanças climáticas.
Fabio Veríssimo Correia; Tomaz Langenbach; Tácio Mauro Campos. Avaliação do transporte de atrazina em solos sob diferentes condições de manejo agrícola. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 2010, 34, 525 -534.
AMA StyleFabio Veríssimo Correia, Tomaz Langenbach, Tácio Mauro Campos. Avaliação do transporte de atrazina em solos sob diferentes condições de manejo agrícola. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo. 2010; 34 (2):525-534.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabio Veríssimo Correia; Tomaz Langenbach; Tácio Mauro Campos. 2010. "Avaliação do transporte de atrazina em solos sob diferentes condições de manejo agrícola." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 34, no. 2: 525-534.
The fate of organochlorine 14C-dicofol in activated sludge process was investigated. Results showed that the major part of radioactivity remained adsorbed on biological sludge. Consequently, its final disposal deserves special attention. The small amounts of dicofol, biotransformed or not, which remained in the treated effluent could contaminate receiving bodies. A dinâmica do organoclorado 14C-dicofol no processo de lodos ativados foi investigada. Os resultados mostraram que a maior parte da radioatividade ficou adsorvida no lodo biológico. Consequentemente, o seu descarte final merece atenção especial. Pequenas quantidades de dicofol, biotransformadas ou não, permanecem no efluente tratado podendo contaminar os corpos receptores
Jaime L. M. Oliveira; Tomaz Langenbach; Marcia Dezotti. Fate of organochlorine 14C-dicofol in a lab-scale wastewater treatment. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 2008, 39, 311 -313.
AMA StyleJaime L. M. Oliveira, Tomaz Langenbach, Marcia Dezotti. Fate of organochlorine 14C-dicofol in a lab-scale wastewater treatment. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology. 2008; 39 (2):311-313.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaime L. M. Oliveira; Tomaz Langenbach; Marcia Dezotti. 2008. "Fate of organochlorine 14C-dicofol in a lab-scale wastewater treatment." Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 39, no. 2: 311-313.
The fate of organochlorine 14C-dicofol in activated sludge process was investigated. Results showed that the major part of radioactivity remained adsorbed on biological sludge. Consequently, its final disposal deserves special attention. The small amounts of dicofol, biotransformed or not, which remained in the treated effluent could contaminate receiving bodies.
Jaime L. M. Oliveira; Tomaz Langenbach; Márcia Dezotti. Fate of organochlorine 14C-dicofol in a lab-scale wastewater treatment. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 2008, 39, 311 -313.
AMA StyleJaime L. M. Oliveira, Tomaz Langenbach, Márcia Dezotti. Fate of organochlorine 14C-dicofol in a lab-scale wastewater treatment. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology. 2008; 39 (2):311-313.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaime L. M. Oliveira; Tomaz Langenbach; Márcia Dezotti. 2008. "Fate of organochlorine 14C-dicofol in a lab-scale wastewater treatment." Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 39, no. 2: 311-313.
The fate of (14)C atrazine was investigated using microcosms and an undisturbed Red-Yellow Latossol (Oxisol) under simulated rainfall conditions of 200 mm water month(-1). Experiments were carried out using microcosm cores, the first with an uncovered surface soil; the second set with uncovered subsurface soil; the third with subsurface soil covered with 3 cm of cow manure and the last with subsurface soil covered with 5 cm of grass straw. Average values for the amount of atrazine leached after 60 days were as follows: surface soil 1.6%; subsurface 47.3%; subsurface plus manure 17.3% and subsurface plus straw 24.8%. In the surface soil, 53% of the (14)C atrazine remained within the upper 1 cm, while in the subsurface microcosms the atrazine was more evenly distributed. The authors report that surface soil was retained atrazine and its metabolites for 60 days. The addition of a straw or manure covering to exposed subsoil helped to retard atrazine leaching.
Tomaz Langenbach; Fábio V. Correia; Andrew Macrae; Eurípedes A. Vargas; Tácio M.P. Campos. Atrazine leaching through surface and subsurface of a tropical Oxisol. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 2008, 43, 214 -218.
AMA StyleTomaz Langenbach, Fábio V. Correia, Andrew Macrae, Eurípedes A. Vargas, Tácio M.P. Campos. Atrazine leaching through surface and subsurface of a tropical Oxisol. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B. 2008; 43 (3):214-218.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTomaz Langenbach; Fábio V. Correia; Andrew Macrae; Eurípedes A. Vargas; Tácio M.P. Campos. 2008. "Atrazine leaching through surface and subsurface of a tropical Oxisol." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 43, no. 3: 214-218.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a influência do tipo de sistema de manejo sobre o potencial de adsorção do herbicida atrazina no solo. Os resultados de coeficiente de adsorção mostram que as isotermas de adsorção de atrazina nos solos sob sistema convencional (SC), mata (SN) e solo subsuperficial (SUB) ajustaram-se ao modelo de Freundlich. Já para o plantio direto (PD), o modelo não correspondeu ao comportamento do herbicida. A adsorção aumentou em função do tempo de contado da atrazina com os solos sob PD e SN, diminuindo os riscos de lixiviação com o tempo. O fator que promoveu maior potencial de adsorção no solo sob PD não foi exclusivamente o teor de matéria orgânica (MO), mas a qualidade desse componente no solo. O maior potencial de adsorção e a dessorção nula no sistema PD indicaram maior potencial na redução da lixiviação e da contaminação dos lençóis d’água. Esses resultados recomendam o PD como tecnologia capaz de reduzir o impacto ambiental de atrazina e provavelmente de outros pesticidas.
Fábio Veríssimo Correia; Fábio Martins Mercante; Amoacy Carvalho Fabrício; Tacio Mauro Pereira De Campos; Eurípedes Vargas Jr; Tomaz Langenbach. ADSORÇÃO DE ATRAZINA EM SOLO TROPICAL SOB PLANTIO DIRETO E CONVENCIONAL. Pesticidas: Revista de Ecotoxicologia e Meio Ambiente 2007, 17, 1 .
AMA StyleFábio Veríssimo Correia, Fábio Martins Mercante, Amoacy Carvalho Fabrício, Tacio Mauro Pereira De Campos, Eurípedes Vargas Jr, Tomaz Langenbach. ADSORÇÃO DE ATRAZINA EM SOLO TROPICAL SOB PLANTIO DIRETO E CONVENCIONAL. Pesticidas: Revista de Ecotoxicologia e Meio Ambiente. 2007; 17 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFábio Veríssimo Correia; Fábio Martins Mercante; Amoacy Carvalho Fabrício; Tacio Mauro Pereira De Campos; Eurípedes Vargas Jr; Tomaz Langenbach. 2007. "ADSORÇÃO DE ATRAZINA EM SOLO TROPICAL SOB PLANTIO DIRETO E CONVENCIONAL." Pesticidas: Revista de Ecotoxicologia e Meio Ambiente 17, no. : 1.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a lixiviação e o potencial de contaminação de lençóis de água com atrazina, em solos sob manejo de plantio direto (PD) e convencional (PC). Foram realizados experimentos em campo e em colunas com Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro distroférrico, submetido ao manejo PD e PC, em Dourados, MS, Brasil. Os valores de condutividade hidráulica e potencial mátrico, determinados com o permeâmetro de Guelph no PD, demonstram fluxo contínuo de água no solo. A maior condutividade na superfície, associada ao potencial mátrico negativo, demonstrou descontinuidade hidrológica, na comparação das camadas subjacentes, verificada no PC em relação ao PD. No entanto, o PD apresentou deslocamento vertical de atrazina menor que o PC. Os resultados mostraram que as perdas de atrazina por lixiviação ocorreram mais intensamente com as primeiras chuvas, logo após a aplicação do produto. O PD apresentou maior concentração de atrazina em comparação ao PC, tendo reduzido as perdas por lixiviação. Os dados indicam que a tecnologia de plantio direto pode reduzir o impacto ambiental provocado pelos pesticidas.
Fabio Veríssimo Correia; Fabio Martins Mercante; Amoacy Carvalho Fabrício; Tácio Mauro Pereira De Campos; Eurípedes Amaral Vargas Júnior; Tomaz Langenbach. Infiltração de atrazina em latossolo submetido aos sistemas de plantio direto e convencional. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 2007, 42, 1617 -1625.
AMA StyleFabio Veríssimo Correia, Fabio Martins Mercante, Amoacy Carvalho Fabrício, Tácio Mauro Pereira De Campos, Eurípedes Amaral Vargas Júnior, Tomaz Langenbach. Infiltração de atrazina em latossolo submetido aos sistemas de plantio direto e convencional. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira. 2007; 42 (11):1617-1625.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabio Veríssimo Correia; Fabio Martins Mercante; Amoacy Carvalho Fabrício; Tácio Mauro Pereira De Campos; Eurípedes Amaral Vargas Júnior; Tomaz Langenbach. 2007. "Infiltração de atrazina em latossolo submetido aos sistemas de plantio direto e convencional." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 42, no. 11: 1617-1625.