Recently, there has been dynamic development of electromobility. This trend is predicted to grow exponentially, which will contribute to the creation of an extensive infrastructure of electric car charging points. For distribution network operators, this implies that in addition to the increase in demand for power and electricity, the number of converter systems connected to their networks will also increase. It is therefore necessary to determine the potential impact of electric vehicle charging systems on electricity quality. To this end, the authors of the present study developed simulation models based on measurements of the actual charger and the data provided by the manufacturers of the equipment and using simulation models widely described in the literature. On the basis of the study results, the impact of electric car chargers on electric power quality was assessed, and attention was given to the opportunities offered by the development of charging systems with vehicle-to-grid (V2G) functionality. Changes in technical standards aimed at selecting power supply cables by considering their heating under the influence of higher current harmonics generated by converter systems were proposed.

The article presents the opportunities and threats that result from the development of electromobility. The possible use of e-mobility for reactive power regulation, shaping the daily load curve and the advantages of vehicle to grid (V2G) systems cooperating with the distribution network are discussed. Moreover, attention was drawn to the lack of legal regulations regarding the connection of chargers with bidirectional energy flow to the network, and the potential impact of electromobility on the quality of the power supply.

Electric vehicles will be an integral part of the smart grid in the future. The chargers that come with the V2G (vehicle to grid) service provide bidirectional electrical energy flow between the cars and the grid. Although this functionality has many advantages, the current paper presents doubts about the safety of the people involved in the operation and maintenance of electrical power equipment. It also signals the necessity to develop security requirements and connection conditions for the electrical distribution grid.