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Lavandula pubescens, belonging to the Labiatae family, is a newly discovered strongly aromatic species of lavender that is potentially beneficial for human health. Given the economic importance of lavender species, we sought in this study to characterize the terpenoid biosynthesis of L. pubescens by obtaining transcriptomic and metabolic datasets. Transcriptome analysis of L. pubescens grown aseptically in tissue culture medium yielded 124,233 unigenes with an average length of 470 bp and N50 value of 522 bp from 9,476,122,928 raw reads. In order to provide relevant biological information, the unigenes were annotated using the following public databases: National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) nucleotide (NT) and non-redundant protein (NR), Brassica (BRAD), Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR), Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), and Gene Ontology (GO). NR annotation results revealed that L. pubescens is genetically closely related to Sesamum indicum. On the basis of the transcriptome data, a total of 14 cDNA clones encoding the terpene biosynthetic genes LpDXS, LpMCT, LpMCS, LpHDR, LpIDI, LpAACT, LpHMGS, LpHMGR, LpMVK, LpPMK, LpMVD, LpGPPS, LpSQS, and LpGGPPS were identified in L. pubescens. These were quantified in the roots, stems, and leaves of L. pubescens using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), which revealed that the gene expression levels were higher in the leaves and stems than in the roots, which was found to be consistent with the levels of ursolic and oleanolic acids in the different organs using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A total of 48 hydrophilic metabolites were identified and quantified in the organs using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS). Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of an ethyl acetate extract of L. pubescens leaves was examined using different methods to determine the potential therapeutic properties. A reducing power assay revealed that the absorbance values increased in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay indicated the strong activity (60.4 ± 0.9%) of the ethyl acetate extract at a concentration of 100 µg/mL, which also showed strong hydrogen peroxide (57.4 ± 2.7%), superoxide radical (62.1 ± 0.7%), and hydroxyl radical (58.6 ± 0.4%) scavenging activities.
Chang Park; Hyeon Yeo; Ye Park; Ye Kim; Chanung Park; Jae Kim; Sang Park. Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome and Metabolome and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities in Lavandula pubescens. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 1027 .
AMA StyleChang Park, Hyeon Yeo, Ye Park, Ye Kim, Chanung Park, Jae Kim, Sang Park. Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome and Metabolome and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities in Lavandula pubescens. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (7):1027.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang Park; Hyeon Yeo; Ye Park; Ye Kim; Chanung Park; Jae Kim; Sang Park. 2021. "Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome and Metabolome and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities in Lavandula pubescens." Antioxidants 10, no. 7: 1027.
This study aimed to elucidate the variations in primary and secondary metabolites during Lycoris radiata flower development using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS). The result showed that seven carotenoids, seven phenolic acids, three anthocyanins, and galantamine were identified in the L. radiata flowers. Most secondary metabolite levels gradually decreased according to the flower developmental stages. A total of 51 metabolites, including amines, sugars, sugar intermediates, sugar alcohols, amino acids, organic acids, phenolic acids, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, were identified and quantified using GC-TOFMS. Among the hydrophilic compounds, most amino acids increased during flower development; in contrast, TCA cycle intermediates and sugars decreased. In particular, glutamine, asparagine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid, which represent the main inter- and intracellular nitrogen carriers, were positively correlated with the other amino acids and were negatively correlated with the TCA cycle intermediates. Furthermore, quantitation data of the 51 hydrophilic compounds were subjected to partial least-squares discriminant analyses (PLS-DA) to assess significant differences in the metabolites of L. radiata flowers from stages 1 to 4. Therefore, this study will serve as the foundation for a biochemical approach to understand both primary and secondary metabolism in L. radiata flower development.
Chang Park; Hyeon Yeo; Ye Kim; Bao Nguyen; Ye Park; Ramaraj Sathasivam; Jae Kim; Sang Park. Profiles of Secondary Metabolites (Phenolic Acids, Carotenoids, Anthocyanins, and Galantamine) and Primary Metabolites (Carbohydrates, Amino Acids, and Organic Acids) during Flower Development in Lycorisradiata. Biomolecules 2021, 11, 248 .
AMA StyleChang Park, Hyeon Yeo, Ye Kim, Bao Nguyen, Ye Park, Ramaraj Sathasivam, Jae Kim, Sang Park. Profiles of Secondary Metabolites (Phenolic Acids, Carotenoids, Anthocyanins, and Galantamine) and Primary Metabolites (Carbohydrates, Amino Acids, and Organic Acids) during Flower Development in Lycorisradiata. Biomolecules. 2021; 11 (2):248.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang Park; Hyeon Yeo; Ye Kim; Bao Nguyen; Ye Park; Ramaraj Sathasivam; Jae Kim; Sang Park. 2021. "Profiles of Secondary Metabolites (Phenolic Acids, Carotenoids, Anthocyanins, and Galantamine) and Primary Metabolites (Carbohydrates, Amino Acids, and Organic Acids) during Flower Development in Lycorisradiata." Biomolecules 11, no. 2: 248.
Adiponectin, an adipose tissue-derived hormone, plays integral roles in lipid and glucose metabolism in peripheral tissues, such as the skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and liver. Moreover, it has also been shown to have an impact on metabolic processes in the central nervous system. Astrocytes comprise the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system and actively participate in metabolic processes between blood vessels and neurons. However, the ability of adiponectin to control nutrient metabolism in astrocytes has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of adiponectin on multiple metabolic processes in hypothalamic astrocytes. Adiponectin enhanced glucose uptake, glycolytic processes and fatty acid oxidation in cultured primary hypothalamic astrocytes. In line with these findings, we also found that adiponectin treatment effectively enhanced synthesis and release of monocarboxylates. Overall, these data suggested that adiponectin triggers catabolic processes in astrocytes, thereby enhancing nutrient availability in the hypothalamus.
Nuri Song; Da Yeon Jeong; Thai Hien Tu; Byong Seo Park; Hye Rim Yang; Ye Jin Kim; Jae Kwang Kim; Joon Tae Park; Jung-Yong Yeh; Sunggu Yang; Jae Geun Kim. Adiponectin Controls Nutrient Availability in Hypothalamic Astrocytes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 1587 .
AMA StyleNuri Song, Da Yeon Jeong, Thai Hien Tu, Byong Seo Park, Hye Rim Yang, Ye Jin Kim, Jae Kwang Kim, Joon Tae Park, Jung-Yong Yeh, Sunggu Yang, Jae Geun Kim. Adiponectin Controls Nutrient Availability in Hypothalamic Astrocytes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (4):1587.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNuri Song; Da Yeon Jeong; Thai Hien Tu; Byong Seo Park; Hye Rim Yang; Ye Jin Kim; Jae Kwang Kim; Joon Tae Park; Jung-Yong Yeh; Sunggu Yang; Jae Geun Kim. 2021. "Adiponectin Controls Nutrient Availability in Hypothalamic Astrocytes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4: 1587.
Quantitative HPLC analysis was performed on six different species of Lycoris herbs to investigate variation in phytochemical content, especially galantamine and phenylpropanoid-derived compounds. The contents of these compounds differed widely among the Lycoris species, with L. radiata and L. chinensis containing the lowest and highest galantamine contents, respectively. Specifically, the galantamine content of L. radiata was 62.5% higher than that of L. chinensis. Following L. radiata, L. sanguinea contained the next highest galantamine content, which was 59.1% higher than that of L. chinensis. Furthermore, a total of 12 phenylpropanoid-derived compounds were found in the different Lycoris species, where L. sanguinea, L. squamigera, and L. uydoensis had the largest accumulation of these compounds. The total phenylpropanoid content of L. sanguinea was the highest, while that of L. radiata was the lowest. Seven of the phenylpropanoid-derived compounds, rutin, quercetin, catechin, epicatechin gallate, chlorogenic acid, benzoic acid, and kaempferol, were dominant. L. sanguinea, L. uydoensis, and L. squamigera showed amounts of these seven compounds that were 5–6 times greater than those of the other species in the study. To the best of our knowledge, our results provide the most detailed phytochemical information on these species to date, which is valuable for future applications using these medicinal plants.
Hyeon Ji Yeo; Ye Jin Kim; Bao Van Nguyen; Ye Eun Park; Chang Ha Park; Haeng Hoon Kim; Jae Kwang Kim; Sang Un Park. Comparison of Secondary Metabolite Contents and Metabolic Profiles of Six Lycoris Species. Horticulturae 2021, 7, 5 .
AMA StyleHyeon Ji Yeo, Ye Jin Kim, Bao Van Nguyen, Ye Eun Park, Chang Ha Park, Haeng Hoon Kim, Jae Kwang Kim, Sang Un Park. Comparison of Secondary Metabolite Contents and Metabolic Profiles of Six Lycoris Species. Horticulturae. 2021; 7 (1):5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHyeon Ji Yeo; Ye Jin Kim; Bao Van Nguyen; Ye Eun Park; Chang Ha Park; Haeng Hoon Kim; Jae Kwang Kim; Sang Un Park. 2021. "Comparison of Secondary Metabolite Contents and Metabolic Profiles of Six Lycoris Species." Horticulturae 7, no. 1: 5.
The effects of black ginseng, which has many kinds of biological activities, on dogs was investigated. Serum samples of beagle dogs, which were fed with black ginseng for 8 weeks, were measured using high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry. Acquired NMR data from the serum of dogs fed for 0, 4, and 8 weeks were analyzed by metabolic profiling and multivariate statistical analysis. In statistical analysis and biomarker analysis results of metabolite profiles, formate, glutamine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, proline, and valine had variable importance in projection (VIP) scores above 1.0 and excellent area under the curve (AUC) values of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves above 0.9. In the result of multivariate statistical analysis, the score plot showed the discrimination between before and after feeding of black ginseng. These differences in metabolic profiles are considered to be due to the involvement of metabolic processes following black ginseng administration, such as enhancing immunity and energy metabolism. Through metabolomics analysis, we confirmed the biological efficacy of black ginseng in dogs and also confirmed that metabolomics can be applied to the pet health industry.
Dahye Yoon; Ye Jin Kim; Wan-Kyu Lee; Bo-Ram Choi; Seon Min Oh; Young-Seob Lee; Jae Kwang Kim; Dae Young Lee. Metabolic Changes in Serum Metabolome of Beagle Dogs Fed Black Ginseng. Metabolites 2020, 10, 517 .
AMA StyleDahye Yoon, Ye Jin Kim, Wan-Kyu Lee, Bo-Ram Choi, Seon Min Oh, Young-Seob Lee, Jae Kwang Kim, Dae Young Lee. Metabolic Changes in Serum Metabolome of Beagle Dogs Fed Black Ginseng. Metabolites. 2020; 10 (12):517.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDahye Yoon; Ye Jin Kim; Wan-Kyu Lee; Bo-Ram Choi; Seon Min Oh; Young-Seob Lee; Jae Kwang Kim; Dae Young Lee. 2020. "Metabolic Changes in Serum Metabolome of Beagle Dogs Fed Black Ginseng." Metabolites 10, no. 12: 517.
Black ginseng (BG) has better health benefits than white ginseng. The intake of BG changes the levels of metabolites, such as amino acids, fatty acids, and other metabolites. However, there is no research on the effect of BG extract intake on the metabolic profile of dog serum. In this study, serum metabolic profiling was conducted to investigate metabolic differences following the intake of BG extracts in beagle dogs. The beagle dogs were separated into three groups and fed either a regular diet (RD, control), RD with a medium concentration of BG extract (BG-M), or RD with a high concentration of BG extract (BG-H). Differences were observed among the three groups after the dogs ingested the experimental diet for eight weeks. The concentrations of alanine, leucine, isoleucine, and valine changed with the intake of BG extracts. Furthermore, levels of glycine and β-alanine increased in the BG-H group compared to the control and BG-M groups, indicating that BG extracts are associated with anti-inflammatory processes. Our study is the first to demonstrate the potential anti-inflammatory effect of BG extract in beagle dogs. Glycine and β-alanine are proposed as candidate serum biomarkers in dogs that can discriminate between the effects of ingesting BG-H.
Ye Jin Kim; Dae Young Lee; Ho-Eun Park; Dahye Yoon; Bumkyu Lee; Jae Kim; Kyung-Hoan Im; Young-Seob Lee; Wan-Kyu Lee; Jae Kim. Serum Metabolic Profiling Reveals Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Intake of Black Ginseng Extracts in Beagle Dogs. Molecules 2020, 25, 3759 .
AMA StyleYe Jin Kim, Dae Young Lee, Ho-Eun Park, Dahye Yoon, Bumkyu Lee, Jae Kim, Kyung-Hoan Im, Young-Seob Lee, Wan-Kyu Lee, Jae Kim. Serum Metabolic Profiling Reveals Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Intake of Black Ginseng Extracts in Beagle Dogs. Molecules. 2020; 25 (16):3759.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYe Jin Kim; Dae Young Lee; Ho-Eun Park; Dahye Yoon; Bumkyu Lee; Jae Kim; Kyung-Hoan Im; Young-Seob Lee; Wan-Kyu Lee; Jae Kim. 2020. "Serum Metabolic Profiling Reveals Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Intake of Black Ginseng Extracts in Beagle Dogs." Molecules 25, no. 16: 3759.
Intake of probiotic cheese improves the intestinal health of humans and animals. However, metabolic changes in the intestines of dogs in response to the ingestion of probiotic cheese have not been evaluated. Thus, we aimed to determine the metabolic changes in healthy beagle dogs fed queso blanco cheese with added Lactobacillus reuteri KACC 92293 and Bifidobacterium longum KACC 91563 (QCLB) and to identify potential fecal biomarkers to distinguish the metabolic changes based on intake of probiotic cheese through metabolomics approaches. The dogs were randomly divided into three groups and fed a regular diet without any cheese (control), a diet with queso blanco cheese (QC), or one with QCLB for eight weeks. The concentrations of acetic, propionic, and 4-aminobutyric acids were increased in the QCLB group compared to those in the control group. Additionally, higher levels of propionic acid and lower levels of xylose were found in the QCLB group compared to those in the QC group. This is the first report on the identification of metabolic changes in beagle dogs fed queso blanco cheese with added L. reuteri KACC 92293 and B. longum KACC 91563. We also found that metabolomics approaches can be useful for identifying potential fecal markers in dogs fed probiotic cheese.
Ye Jin Kim; Ho-Eun Park; Wan-Kyu Lee; Jun-Sang Ham; Sang Un Park; Jae Geun Kim; Kyung-Hoan Im; Jae Kwang Kim. Investigations on Metabolic Changes in Beagle Dogs Fed Probiotic Queso Blanco Cheese and Identification of Candidate Probiotic Fecal Biomarkers Using Metabolomics Approaches. Metabolites 2020, 10, 305 .
AMA StyleYe Jin Kim, Ho-Eun Park, Wan-Kyu Lee, Jun-Sang Ham, Sang Un Park, Jae Geun Kim, Kyung-Hoan Im, Jae Kwang Kim. Investigations on Metabolic Changes in Beagle Dogs Fed Probiotic Queso Blanco Cheese and Identification of Candidate Probiotic Fecal Biomarkers Using Metabolomics Approaches. Metabolites. 2020; 10 (8):305.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYe Jin Kim; Ho-Eun Park; Wan-Kyu Lee; Jun-Sang Ham; Sang Un Park; Jae Geun Kim; Kyung-Hoan Im; Jae Kwang Kim. 2020. "Investigations on Metabolic Changes in Beagle Dogs Fed Probiotic Queso Blanco Cheese and Identification of Candidate Probiotic Fecal Biomarkers Using Metabolomics Approaches." Metabolites 10, no. 8: 305.
Degenerative diseases, which can develop during aging, are underlined by inflammatory processes. Hypothalamic inflammation triggered by elevation in circulating fatty acid levels is directly coupled to metabolic disorders. The present study aimed to investigate and characterize the hypothalamic inflammation and composition of fatty acids in the hypothalami of aged mice. We verified that inflammation and microglial activation occur in the hypothalami of aged mice by performing quantitative real-time PCR and using immunohistochemistry methods. In addition, we observed increased levels of various saturated fatty acids in the hypothalami of aged mice, whereas no major changes in the levels of circulating fatty acids were detected using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. Collectively, our current findings suggest that increases in saturated fatty acid levels are coupled to hypothalamic inflammation and thereby cause perturbations in energy metabolism during the aging process.
Ye Jin Kim; Thai Hien Tu; Sunggu Yang; Jae Kim; Jae Kim. Characterization of Fatty Acid Composition Underlying Hypothalamic Inflammation in Aged Mice. Molecules 2020, 25, 3170 .
AMA StyleYe Jin Kim, Thai Hien Tu, Sunggu Yang, Jae Kim, Jae Kim. Characterization of Fatty Acid Composition Underlying Hypothalamic Inflammation in Aged Mice. Molecules. 2020; 25 (14):3170.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYe Jin Kim; Thai Hien Tu; Sunggu Yang; Jae Kim; Jae Kim. 2020. "Characterization of Fatty Acid Composition Underlying Hypothalamic Inflammation in Aged Mice." Molecules 25, no. 14: 3170.
The effects of Queso Blanco cheese containing Bifidobacterium longum KACC 91563 was studied on the intestinal microbiota and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in healthy companion dogs. There were three experimental groups with five healthy dogs each: a control group, not fed with any cheese, and groups fed with Queso Blanco cheese with (QCB) or without B. longum KACC 91563 (QC) for 8 weeks. Fecal samples were collected 5 times before, during, and after feeding with cheese. Intestinal microbiota was analyzed using two non-selective agar plates (BL and TS) and five selective agar plates (BS, NN, LBS, TATAC, and MacConkey). SPME-GC-MS method was applied to confirm SCFAs and indole in dog feces. The six intestinal metabolites such as acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric, isovaleric acid and indole were identified in dog feces. Administration of B. longum KACC 91563 (QCB) for 8 weeks significantly increased the beneficial intestinal bacteria such as Bifidobacterium (8.4±0.55) and reduced harmful bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae and Clostridium (p<0.05). SCFA such as acetic and propionic acid were significantly higher in the QCB group than in the Control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that administration of Queso Blanco cheese containing B. longum KACC 91563 had positive effects on intestinal microbiota and metabolites in companion dogs. These results suggest that Queso Blanco cheese containing B. longum KACC 91563 could be used as a functional food for companion animals and humans.
Ho-Eun Park; Ye Jin Kim; Kyung-Hyo Do; Jae Kwang Kim; Jun-Sang Ham; Wan-Kyu Lee. Effects of Queso Blanco Cheese Containing Bifidobacterium longum KACC 91563 on the Intestinal Microbiota and Short Chain Fatty Acid in Healthy Companion Dogs. Korean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources 2018, 38, 1261 -1272.
AMA StyleHo-Eun Park, Ye Jin Kim, Kyung-Hyo Do, Jae Kwang Kim, Jun-Sang Ham, Wan-Kyu Lee. Effects of Queso Blanco Cheese Containing Bifidobacterium longum KACC 91563 on the Intestinal Microbiota and Short Chain Fatty Acid in Healthy Companion Dogs. Korean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources. 2018; 38 (6):1261-1272.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHo-Eun Park; Ye Jin Kim; Kyung-Hyo Do; Jae Kwang Kim; Jun-Sang Ham; Wan-Kyu Lee. 2018. "Effects of Queso Blanco Cheese Containing Bifidobacterium longum KACC 91563 on the Intestinal Microbiota and Short Chain Fatty Acid in Healthy Companion Dogs." Korean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources 38, no. 6: 1261-1272.
Twenty-eight metabolites were extracted from nine Brassicaceae of Korean origin (broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, Chinese cabbage, kale, kohlrabi, pak choi, radish sprouts, and red cabbage) and analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. Principal components analysis (PCA), orthogonal projection to latent structure-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), Pearson’s correlation analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), and batch learning self-organizing map analysis (BL-SOM) were used to visualize metabolite pattern differences among Brassicaceae samples. The PCA score plots from the metabolic data sets provided a clear distinction between Brassica species and radish sprouts (genus Raphanus L.). Additionally, B. oleracea L. varieties were differentiated from B. rapa L. varieties by PCA and OPLS-DA score plots. HCA and BL-SOM of these metabolites clustered metabolites that are metabolically related. This study demonstrates that plants’ characterization by multivariate statistical analysis using metabolic profiling allows distinguishing their phenotypes and identifying desired characteristics.
Kyoung Bok Lee; Ye Jin Kim; Hyo Jin Kim; Jaehyuk Choi; Jae Kwang Kim. Phytochemical profiles of Brassicaceae vegetables and their multivariate characterization using chemometrics. Applied Biological Chemistry 2018, 61, 131 -144.
AMA StyleKyoung Bok Lee, Ye Jin Kim, Hyo Jin Kim, Jaehyuk Choi, Jae Kwang Kim. Phytochemical profiles of Brassicaceae vegetables and their multivariate characterization using chemometrics. Applied Biological Chemistry. 2018; 61 (2):131-144.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKyoung Bok Lee; Ye Jin Kim; Hyo Jin Kim; Jaehyuk Choi; Jae Kwang Kim. 2018. "Phytochemical profiles of Brassicaceae vegetables and their multivariate characterization using chemometrics." Applied Biological Chemistry 61, no. 2: 131-144.