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Staphylococcus aureus is an important bacterial pathogen causing bovine mastitis, but little is known about the virulence factor and the inflammatory responses in the mammary infection. Staphylococcal enterotoxin C (SEC) is the most frequent toxin produced by S. aureus, isolated from bovine mastitis. To investigate the pathogenic activity of SEC in the inflammation of the mammary gland and the immune responses in an animal model, mouse mammary glands were injected with SEC, and the clinical signs, inflammatory cell infiltration, and proinflammatory cytokine production in the mammary glands were assessed. SEC induced significant inflammatory reactions in the mammary gland, in a dose-dependent manner. SEC-injected mammary glands showed a severe inflammation with inflammatory cell infiltration and tissue damage. In addition, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 production in the SEC-injected mammary glands were significantly higher than those in the PBS control glands. Furthermore, the SEC-induced inflammation and tissue damage in the mammary gland were specifically inhibited by anti-SEC antibody. These results indicated, for the first time, that SEC can directly cause inflammation, proinflammatory cytokine production, and tissue damage in mammary glands, suggesting that SEC might play an important role in the development of mastitis associated with S. aureus infection. This finding offers an opportunity to develop novel treatment strategies for reduction of mammary tissue damage in mastitis.
Rendong Fang; Jingchun Cui; Tengteng Cui; Haiyong Guo; Hisaya K. Ono; Chun-Ho Park; Masashi Okamura; Akio Nakane; Dong-Liang Hu. Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C Is an Important Virulence Factor for Mastitis. Toxins 2019, 11, 141 .
AMA StyleRendong Fang, Jingchun Cui, Tengteng Cui, Haiyong Guo, Hisaya K. Ono, Chun-Ho Park, Masashi Okamura, Akio Nakane, Dong-Liang Hu. Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C Is an Important Virulence Factor for Mastitis. Toxins. 2019; 11 (3):141.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRendong Fang; Jingchun Cui; Tengteng Cui; Haiyong Guo; Hisaya K. Ono; Chun-Ho Park; Masashi Okamura; Akio Nakane; Dong-Liang Hu. 2019. "Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C Is an Important Virulence Factor for Mastitis." Toxins 11, no. 3: 141.
Salmonella and Campylobacter cause foodborne enteritis mainly via the consumption of raw/undercooked contaminated poultry meat and products. Broiler flocks are primarily colonized with these bacteria; however, the underlying etiology remains unclear. The present study was conducted in order to obtain further information on the prevalence and genotypic distribution of Salmonella and Campylobacter in free-living crows and broiler flocks in a region for 2 years, thereby facilitating estimations of the potential risk of transmission of C. jejuni from crows to broiler flocks. Salmonella serovars Bredeney and Derby were isolated from 8 and 3 out of 123 captured crows, respectively, both of which are not common in broiler chickens. Campylobacter were isolated from all 89 crows tested and C. jejuni was prevalent (85 crows). Pulsed field gel electrophoresis showed broad diversity in the crow isolates of C. jejuni. However, 3 crow isolates and 2 broiler isolates showing similar banding patterns were assigned to different sequence types in multi-locus sequence typing. These results indicate that crows do not share Salmonella serovars with broilers, and harbor various genotypes of C. jejuni that differ from those of broiler flocks. Thus, our results indicate that crows are not a potential vector of these bacteria to broiler flocks in this region.
Masashi Okamura; Miyuki Kaneko; Shinjiro Ojima; Hiroki Sano; Junji Shindo; Hiroaki Shirafuji; Satomi Yamamoto; Taishi Tanabe; Yasuhiro Yoshikawa; Dong-Liang Hu. Differential Distribution of Salmonella Serovars and Campylobacter spp. Isolates in Free-Living Crows and Broiler Chickens in Aomori, Japan. Microbes and Environments 2018, 33, 77 -82.
AMA StyleMasashi Okamura, Miyuki Kaneko, Shinjiro Ojima, Hiroki Sano, Junji Shindo, Hiroaki Shirafuji, Satomi Yamamoto, Taishi Tanabe, Yasuhiro Yoshikawa, Dong-Liang Hu. Differential Distribution of Salmonella Serovars and Campylobacter spp. Isolates in Free-Living Crows and Broiler Chickens in Aomori, Japan. Microbes and Environments. 2018; 33 (1):77-82.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMasashi Okamura; Miyuki Kaneko; Shinjiro Ojima; Hiroki Sano; Junji Shindo; Hiroaki Shirafuji; Satomi Yamamoto; Taishi Tanabe; Yasuhiro Yoshikawa; Dong-Liang Hu. 2018. "Differential Distribution of Salmonella Serovars and Campylobacter spp. Isolates in Free-Living Crows and Broiler Chickens in Aomori, Japan." Microbes and Environments 33, no. 1: 77-82.
Vibrio vulnificus causes rapid disseminating septicemia by oral infection in infected individuals who have an underlying disease, especially chronic liver diseases. Although the elucidation of specific risk factors for V. vulnificus infection in patients with liver diseases is of urgent importance, no appropriate experimental animal model that mimics the liver diseases in this bacterial infection has been available so far. To discover these risk factors, we generated a liver disordered mouse by performing bile duct ligation (BDL). Hepatitis developed in the BDL mice; however, this did not affect mortality in mice after orogastric administration of V. vulnificus, suggesting that the liver disorders caused by the BDL were not risk factors for V. vulnificus septicemia. When the dead and surviving mice were compared, V. vulnificus could be detected from the spleen only in the dead group. Furthermore, significantly higher numbers of V. vulnificus were detected from the intestines in the dead group than in the surviving group ( P < 0.001). These findings suggested that proliferation of the challenge inoculum in the intestine was needed for the oral infection with V. vulnificus, and that the elimination of V. vulnificus in the liver and/or spleen plays a critical role in survival of the host.
Takashige Kashimoto; Chiemi Iwasaki; Masanori Gojo; Hiroyuki Sugiyama; Kazuki Yoshioka; Yuji Yamamoto; Masashi Okamura; Nobuyuki Susa; Shunji Ueno. Vibrio vulnificus detected in the spleen leads to fatal outcome in a mouse oral infection model. FEMS Microbiology Letters 2015, 362, 1 .
AMA StyleTakashige Kashimoto, Chiemi Iwasaki, Masanori Gojo, Hiroyuki Sugiyama, Kazuki Yoshioka, Yuji Yamamoto, Masashi Okamura, Nobuyuki Susa, Shunji Ueno. Vibrio vulnificus detected in the spleen leads to fatal outcome in a mouse oral infection model. FEMS Microbiology Letters. 2015; 362 (7):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTakashige Kashimoto; Chiemi Iwasaki; Masanori Gojo; Hiroyuki Sugiyama; Kazuki Yoshioka; Yuji Yamamoto; Masashi Okamura; Nobuyuki Susa; Shunji Ueno. 2015. "Vibrio vulnificus detected in the spleen leads to fatal outcome in a mouse oral infection model." FEMS Microbiology Letters 362, no. 7: 1.
Vaccination of poultry is one promising strategy to mitigate Salmonella infection in poultry and, in turn, humans as well. We evaluated the efficacy of outer membrane protein A (OmpA) as a novel vaccine candidate against Salmonella in poultry. Native OmpA purified from Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis was mixed with adjuvant and administered intramuscularly to 41-d-old chicks. The vaccinated birds showed no decrease in cecal excretion and tissue colonization compared with the unvaccinated birds after oral challenge with 109 cfu of the homologous strain at 28 d postimmunization. However, this vaccination induced an increased level of serum anti-OmpA IgG. Similar results were obtained in the replication experiments using a recombinant OmpA with single and double doses. For the development of more effective component vaccines for avian salmonellosis, the vaccine efficacy of outer membrane proteins other than OmpA and route of immunization other than parenteral administration should be evaluated with regard to protection and immune responses, including mucosal IgA.
M. Okamura; M. Ueda; Y. Noda; Y. Kuno; T. Kashimoto; K. Takehara; M. Nakamura. Immunization with outer membrane protein A from Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis induces humoral immune response but no protection against homologous challenge in chickens. Poultry Science 2012, 91, 2444 -2449.
AMA StyleM. Okamura, M. Ueda, Y. Noda, Y. Kuno, T. Kashimoto, K. Takehara, M. Nakamura. Immunization with outer membrane protein A from Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis induces humoral immune response but no protection against homologous challenge in chickens. Poultry Science. 2012; 91 (10):2444-2449.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Okamura; M. Ueda; Y. Noda; Y. Kuno; T. Kashimoto; K. Takehara; M. Nakamura. 2012. "Immunization with outer membrane protein A from Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis induces humoral immune response but no protection against homologous challenge in chickens." Poultry Science 91, no. 10: 2444-2449.
Masashi Okamura; Wakako Matsumoto; Fumio Seike; Yuuya Tanaka; Chie Teratani; Maki Tozuka; Takashige Kashimoto; Kazuaki Takehara; Masayuki Nakamura; Yasuhiro Yoshikawa. Efficacy of Soluble Recombinant FliC Protein from Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis as a Potential Vaccine Candidate Against Homologous Challenge in Chickens. Avian Diseases Digest 2012, 7, 1 .
AMA StyleMasashi Okamura, Wakako Matsumoto, Fumio Seike, Yuuya Tanaka, Chie Teratani, Maki Tozuka, Takashige Kashimoto, Kazuaki Takehara, Masayuki Nakamura, Yasuhiro Yoshikawa. Efficacy of Soluble Recombinant FliC Protein from Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis as a Potential Vaccine Candidate Against Homologous Challenge in Chickens. Avian Diseases Digest. 2012; 7 (2):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMasashi Okamura; Wakako Matsumoto; Fumio Seike; Yuuya Tanaka; Chie Teratani; Maki Tozuka; Takashige Kashimoto; Kazuaki Takehara; Masayuki Nakamura; Yasuhiro Yoshikawa. 2012. "Efficacy of Soluble Recombinant FliC Protein from Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis as a Potential Vaccine Candidate Against Homologous Challenge in Chickens." Avian Diseases Digest 7, no. 2: 1.
FliC, the flagellin antigen of Salmonella Enteritidis, was tested as a vaccine candidate for protective effect against a homologous challenge in chickens. After immunization with recombinant FliC (rFliC) or administration of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 56 days old, the chickens were challenged with 10(9) colony-forming units of Salmonella Enteritidis at 76 days old. The vaccinated birds showed significantly decreased bacterial counts in the liver and cecal contents compared to those administered PBS at 7 days postchallenge, but the protection was partial. The replication experiment also showed a similar result. In both experiments, vaccination induced an increased level of serum anti-rFliC IgG, which was also reactive to the native flagella. The intestinal IgA level was slightly higher in the vaccinated birds than in the control. However, neither the proliferative response nor interferon-gamma secretion of splenic cells upon stimulation with rFliC was induced. Therefore, the effect of rFliC as a vaccine is limited, and further improvement is needed.
Masashi Okamura; Wakako Matsumoto; Fumio Seike; Yuuya Tanaka; Chie Teratani; Maki Tozuka; Takashige Kashimoto; Kazuaki Takehara; Masayuki Nakamura; Yasuhiro Yoshikawa. Efficacy of Soluble Recombinant FliC Protein from Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis as a Potential Vaccine Candidate Against Homologous Challenge in Chickens. Avian Diseases 2012, 56, 354 -358.
AMA StyleMasashi Okamura, Wakako Matsumoto, Fumio Seike, Yuuya Tanaka, Chie Teratani, Maki Tozuka, Takashige Kashimoto, Kazuaki Takehara, Masayuki Nakamura, Yasuhiro Yoshikawa. Efficacy of Soluble Recombinant FliC Protein from Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis as a Potential Vaccine Candidate Against Homologous Challenge in Chickens. Avian Diseases. 2012; 56 (2):354-358.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMasashi Okamura; Wakako Matsumoto; Fumio Seike; Yuuya Tanaka; Chie Teratani; Maki Tozuka; Takashige Kashimoto; Kazuaki Takehara; Masayuki Nakamura; Yasuhiro Yoshikawa. 2012. "Efficacy of Soluble Recombinant FliC Protein from Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis as a Potential Vaccine Candidate Against Homologous Challenge in Chickens." Avian Diseases 56, no. 2: 354-358.
On-farm vaccination of chickens against Campylobacter jejuni is considered a potentially effective countermeasure to decrease campylobacteriosis via consumption of contaminated chicken meat, but is not yet available. In this study, 2 groups of Jidori chicks were immunized subcutaneously with a formalin-killed C. jejuni with 2 different adjuvants. Other chicks served as the unvaccinated control group. Both vaccines induced high levels of anti-Campylobacter IgG but did not decrease bacterial excretion in cecal droppings and bacterial load in the liver and spleen after oral challenge with 10(5) CFU of the homologous strain. Further study is needed to address the observed irrelevance and to develop a novel effective vaccine against C. jejuni.
Masashi Okamura; Ayumi Tominaga; Michihiro Ueda; Rumiko Ohshima; Masahide Kobayashi; Mari Tsukada; Eriko Yokoyama; Kazuaki Takehara; Kazuhiro Deguchi; Takashi Honda; Masayuki Nakamura. Irrelevance between the Induction of Anti-Campylobacter Humoral Response by a Bacterin and the Lack of Protection against Homologous Challenge in Japanese Jidori Chickens. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 2012, 74, 75 -78.
AMA StyleMasashi Okamura, Ayumi Tominaga, Michihiro Ueda, Rumiko Ohshima, Masahide Kobayashi, Mari Tsukada, Eriko Yokoyama, Kazuaki Takehara, Kazuhiro Deguchi, Takashi Honda, Masayuki Nakamura. Irrelevance between the Induction of Anti-Campylobacter Humoral Response by a Bacterin and the Lack of Protection against Homologous Challenge in Japanese Jidori Chickens. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science. 2012; 74 (1):75-78.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMasashi Okamura; Ayumi Tominaga; Michihiro Ueda; Rumiko Ohshima; Masahide Kobayashi; Mari Tsukada; Eriko Yokoyama; Kazuaki Takehara; Kazuhiro Deguchi; Takashi Honda; Masayuki Nakamura. 2012. "Irrelevance between the Induction of Anti-Campylobacter Humoral Response by a Bacterin and the Lack of Protection against Homologous Challenge in Japanese Jidori Chickens." Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 74, no. 1: 75-78.
Although various cultured cells are used for propagating influenza A viruses, the types of cells which can support replication of and plaque production by low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses without supplementary trypsin are limited. In this study, the infectivity and growth kinetics of as well as plaque production by LPAI viruses in Caco-2 cells were investigated. The suitability of this cell line for virus isolation was examined and compared with virus isolation in embryonated chicken eggs. Generation of Caco-2 mediated viral variants, if any, was assessed phenotypically and genotypically. It was found that Caco-2 cells can readily support continued replication of LPAI viruses without supplementary trypsin. Viruses replicate to high titer compared to embryonated chicken eggs, and more efficiently than in MDCK cells, without trypsin. Also, LPAI viruses produced plaques in Caco-2 cells. However, these cells were found to be less sensitive than embryonated chicken eggs for virus isolation. Notably, no phenotypic and genotypic changes of the viruses were observed during viral passages (at least up to 10th passage) in Caco-2 cells. These findings indicate that Caco-2 cells may provide an appropriate substrate for studying and cultivating AIVs.
Alam Jahangir; Sakchai Ruenphet; Kazuya Hara; Dany Shoham; Nadia Sultana; Masashi Okamura; Masayuki Nakamura; Kazuaki Takehara. Evaluation of human intestinal epithelial differentiated cells (Caco-2) for replication, plaque formation and isolation of avian influenza viruses. Journal of Virological Methods 2010, 169, 232 -238.
AMA StyleAlam Jahangir, Sakchai Ruenphet, Kazuya Hara, Dany Shoham, Nadia Sultana, Masashi Okamura, Masayuki Nakamura, Kazuaki Takehara. Evaluation of human intestinal epithelial differentiated cells (Caco-2) for replication, plaque formation and isolation of avian influenza viruses. Journal of Virological Methods. 2010; 169 (1):232-238.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlam Jahangir; Sakchai Ruenphet; Kazuya Hara; Dany Shoham; Nadia Sultana; Masashi Okamura; Masayuki Nakamura; Kazuaki Takehara. 2010. "Evaluation of human intestinal epithelial differentiated cells (Caco-2) for replication, plaque formation and isolation of avian influenza viruses." Journal of Virological Methods 169, no. 1: 232-238.
The present study investigated the potential of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Salmonella Typhimurium) definitive type 104 (DT104) to contaminate eggs in vivo. Of 10 strains of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104, none caused egg contamination when hens were inoculated orally. Three passages of the strains through recovery from the reproductive organs of intravenously infected laying hens resulted in no egg contamination after oral infection of the hens. Feed and water withdrawal for 24 h at 5 and 10 d after oral infection with Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 slightly decreased egg production but did not lead to egg contamination. Finally, oral infection of pullets at the onset of lay (approximately 50% of egg production) resulted in egg contamination (1.7%) in 2 wk. In conclusion, the Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 strains used in the present study have a low possibility of causing egg contamination; however, because infection at the onset of lay can cause egg contamination, the introduction of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 into the layer houses should be prevented, especially when hens start laying eggs.
M. Okamura; M. Sonobe; S. Obara; T. Kubo; T. Nagai; M. Noguchi; K. Takehara; M. Nakamura. Potential egg contamination by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium definitive type 104 following experimental infection of pullets at the onset of lay. Poultry Science 2010, 89, 1629 -1634.
AMA StyleM. Okamura, M. Sonobe, S. Obara, T. Kubo, T. Nagai, M. Noguchi, K. Takehara, M. Nakamura. Potential egg contamination by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium definitive type 104 following experimental infection of pullets at the onset of lay. Poultry Science. 2010; 89 (8):1629-1634.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Okamura; M. Sonobe; S. Obara; T. Kubo; T. Nagai; M. Noguchi; K. Takehara; M. Nakamura. 2010. "Potential egg contamination by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium definitive type 104 following experimental infection of pullets at the onset of lay." Poultry Science 89, no. 8: 1629-1634.
Intercontinental movements of northern pintail (Anas acuta) ducks wintering in Japan create a high-risk of both incursion and dispersion of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) that circulate in the ducks' breeding grounds in Siberia and Alaska. This predisposition is likely amplified by bi-directional conveyance of AIVs between Japan and China. In this study, H5N2 viruses were characterized by means of HA cleavage site sequencing and found to be low pathogenic. Through entire genome analysis, as well as in ovo and in vitro pathogenicity tests, one isolate - A/northern pintail/Akita/714/06 H5N2 (Akita/714/06 H5N2) - was characterized. Comparative molecular analysis revealed that genes of this virus have 97.5-99.6% and 96.7-100% likeness at nucleotide and at amino acid level, respectively, with genes of different subtypes of viruses isolated from China, Korea, Russia, and Italy. Phylogenetically, Akita/714/06 (H5N2) clustered with viruses isolated from Eurasian countries. Partial affinity to a recent Korean porcine strain is noticeable. Related evolutionary, ecological, and phenotypic aspects were discussed, thereby signifying the importance of the described pathogen-host-ecosystem interfaces.
Alam Jahangir; Sakchai Ruenphet; Dany Shoham; Masashi Okamura; Masayuki Nakamaura; Kazuaki Takehara. Phenotypic, genetic, and phylogeographical characterization of avian influenza virus subtype H5N2 isolated from northern pintail (Anas acuta) in Japan. Virus Research 2009, 145, 329 -333.
AMA StyleAlam Jahangir, Sakchai Ruenphet, Dany Shoham, Masashi Okamura, Masayuki Nakamaura, Kazuaki Takehara. Phenotypic, genetic, and phylogeographical characterization of avian influenza virus subtype H5N2 isolated from northern pintail (Anas acuta) in Japan. Virus Research. 2009; 145 (2):329-333.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlam Jahangir; Sakchai Ruenphet; Dany Shoham; Masashi Okamura; Masayuki Nakamaura; Kazuaki Takehara. 2009. "Phenotypic, genetic, and phylogeographical characterization of avian influenza virus subtype H5N2 isolated from northern pintail (Anas acuta) in Japan." Virus Research 145, no. 2: 329-333.
The present study developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay that amplifies the fragments of O4 Salmonella enterica-specific gene rfbJ and evaluates the potential use in detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST). The detection limit of the LAMP assay was 10(3) CFU/ml, which was lower than that of the PCR assay with the same target gene (10(5) CFU/ml), confirmed by electrophoresis. The increased turbidity of the final products of LAMP was also observed with more than 10(3) CFU/ml. Furthermore, the LAMP assay took only 60 min for a reaction, while the PCR assay needed 80-90 min for a reaction and approximately 30 min for the subsequent electrophoresis to confirm the specific band. The positive reaction was only observed for 55 strains of 11 serovars of O4 group Salmonella enterica. The LAMP assay developed in the present study is considered to be an effective method for specific detection of the O4 group Salmonella enterica serovars, including ST.
Masashi Okamura; Yousuke Ohba; Shuichi Kikuchi; Kazuaki Takehara; Masanari Ikedo; Tadashi Kojima; Masayuki Nakamura. Rapid, Sensitive, and Specific Detection of the O4 Group of Salmonella enterica by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification. Avian Diseases 2009, 53, 216 -221.
AMA StyleMasashi Okamura, Yousuke Ohba, Shuichi Kikuchi, Kazuaki Takehara, Masanari Ikedo, Tadashi Kojima, Masayuki Nakamura. Rapid, Sensitive, and Specific Detection of the O4 Group of Salmonella enterica by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification. Avian Diseases. 2009; 53 (2):216-221.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMasashi Okamura; Yousuke Ohba; Shuichi Kikuchi; Kazuaki Takehara; Masanari Ikedo; Tadashi Kojima; Masayuki Nakamura. 2009. "Rapid, Sensitive, and Specific Detection of the O4 Group of Salmonella enterica by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification." Avian Diseases 53, no. 2: 216-221.
Masashi Okamura; Yousuke Ohba; Shuichi Kikuchi; Kazuaki Takehara; Masanari Ikedo; Tadashi Kojima; Masayuki Nakamura. Rapid, Sensitive, and Specific Detection of the O4 Group of Salmonella enterica by Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification. Avian Diseases Digest 2009, 4, e18 -e18.
AMA StyleMasashi Okamura, Yousuke Ohba, Shuichi Kikuchi, Kazuaki Takehara, Masanari Ikedo, Tadashi Kojima, Masayuki Nakamura. Rapid, Sensitive, and Specific Detection of the O4 Group of Salmonella enterica by Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification. Avian Diseases Digest. 2009; 4 (2):e18-e18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMasashi Okamura; Yousuke Ohba; Shuichi Kikuchi; Kazuaki Takehara; Masanari Ikedo; Tadashi Kojima; Masayuki Nakamura. 2009. "Rapid, Sensitive, and Specific Detection of the O4 Group of Salmonella enterica by Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification." Avian Diseases Digest 4, no. 2: e18-e18.
Ceramic powder prepared by sintering of chicken feces, when mixed with avian influenza viruses or an avian adenovirus, inactivated these organisms to below detection levels. When the ceramic powder was mixed with double-distilled water, the pH of the water rose to 10 but the aqueous phase did not show any antivirus activity. After 10 washings with water or five washings with 1M Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), the ceramic powder still retained antivirus activity. Antivirus activity was not affected by the presence of organic material (33% fetal calf serum). When chicks were fed food containing 5% ceramic powder, there was no difference in body weight between normal feeding and the ceramic-mixture feeding. The mode of action of the ceramic powder remains unknown, but it possibly works by adsorbing the virus. These results show that the ceramic powder has antiviral activities and is a potentially useful tool against avian influenza on poultry farms.
Kazuaki Takehara; Omoto Chinen; Alam Jahangir; Yuki Miyoshi; Yuichi Ueno; Shuhei Ueda; Yukako Takada; Sakchai Ruenphet; Ken-Ichiro Mutoh; Masashi Okamura; Masayuki Nakamura. Ceramic Powder Made from Chicken Feces: Anti-Viral Effects Against Avian Influenza Viruses. Avian Diseases 2009, 53, 34 -38.
AMA StyleKazuaki Takehara, Omoto Chinen, Alam Jahangir, Yuki Miyoshi, Yuichi Ueno, Shuhei Ueda, Yukako Takada, Sakchai Ruenphet, Ken-Ichiro Mutoh, Masashi Okamura, Masayuki Nakamura. Ceramic Powder Made from Chicken Feces: Anti-Viral Effects Against Avian Influenza Viruses. Avian Diseases. 2009; 53 (1):34-38.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKazuaki Takehara; Omoto Chinen; Alam Jahangir; Yuki Miyoshi; Yuichi Ueno; Shuhei Ueda; Yukako Takada; Sakchai Ruenphet; Ken-Ichiro Mutoh; Masashi Okamura; Masayuki Nakamura. 2009. "Ceramic Powder Made from Chicken Feces: Anti-Viral Effects Against Avian Influenza Viruses." Avian Diseases 53, no. 1: 34-38.
Kazuaki Takehara; Omoto Chinen; Alam Jahangir; Yuki Miyoshi; Yuichi Ueno; Shuhei Ueda; Yukako Takada; Sakchai Ruenphet; Ken-Ichiro Mutoh; Masashi Okamura; Masayuki Nakamura. Ceramic Powder Made from Chicken Feces: Anti-Viral Effects Against Avian Influenza Viruses. Avian Diseases Digest 2009, 4, e9 -e10.
AMA StyleKazuaki Takehara, Omoto Chinen, Alam Jahangir, Yuki Miyoshi, Yuichi Ueno, Shuhei Ueda, Yukako Takada, Sakchai Ruenphet, Ken-Ichiro Mutoh, Masashi Okamura, Masayuki Nakamura. Ceramic Powder Made from Chicken Feces: Anti-Viral Effects Against Avian Influenza Viruses. Avian Diseases Digest. 2009; 4 (1):e9-e10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKazuaki Takehara; Omoto Chinen; Alam Jahangir; Yuki Miyoshi; Yuichi Ueno; Shuhei Ueda; Yukako Takada; Sakchai Ruenphet; Ken-Ichiro Mutoh; Masashi Okamura; Masayuki Nakamura. 2009. "Ceramic Powder Made from Chicken Feces: Anti-Viral Effects Against Avian Influenza Viruses." Avian Diseases Digest 4, no. 1: e9-e10.
Alam Jahangir; Yuko Watanabe; Omoto Chinen; Shoki Yamazaki; Kouji Sakai; Masashi Okamura; Masayuki Nakamura; Kazuaki Takehara. Surveillance of Avian Influenza Viruses in Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) in Tohoku District, Japan. Avian Diseases Digest 2008, 3, e5 -e5.
AMA StyleAlam Jahangir, Yuko Watanabe, Omoto Chinen, Shoki Yamazaki, Kouji Sakai, Masashi Okamura, Masayuki Nakamura, Kazuaki Takehara. Surveillance of Avian Influenza Viruses in Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) in Tohoku District, Japan. Avian Diseases Digest. 2008; 3 (1):e5-e5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlam Jahangir; Yuko Watanabe; Omoto Chinen; Shoki Yamazaki; Kouji Sakai; Masashi Okamura; Masayuki Nakamura; Kazuaki Takehara. 2008. "Surveillance of Avian Influenza Viruses in Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) in Tohoku District, Japan." Avian Diseases Digest 3, no. 1: e5-e5.