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Lead exposure is still a major concern for occupations that regularly train or work with firearms, such as law enforcement and military personnel. Due to the increasing number of women of fertile age in such professions, there is a strong incentive to monitor lead exposures during firearms training. Personal air sampling was performed during two sessions of a nine-day urban combat training (UCT) course for cadets in the Swedish Armed Forces, one session employing leaded ammunition (leaded scenario) and one session employing unleaded ammunition (unleaded scenario). Blood lead levels (BLLs) were measured before and after the course for 42 cadets and five instructors. During the leaded scenario, the instructors' airborne exposure (geometric mean, GM, 72.0 μg/m3) was higher than that of cadets (GM 42.9 μg/m3). During the unleaded scenario, airborne concentrations were similar for instructors and cadets and considerably lower than during the leaded scenario (GM 2.9 μg/m3). Despite comparably low external lead exposures during the course, we saw a statistically significant increase in systemic exposure for cadets (BLL GM increased from 1.09 to 1.71 μg/dL, p < 0.001). For the five instructors, notable differences were seen depending on task. The largest increase was seen for the two instructors performing close supervision during the leaded scenario (BLL GM increased from 2.41 μg/dL to 4.83 μg/dL). For the remaining three instructors the BLLs were unchanged (BLL GMs were 1.25 μg/dL before the course and 1.26 μg/dL after). None of the participants exceeded the applicable biological exposure limits, but extrapolating our findings shows that instructors in the leaded scenario may reach levels around 10 μg/dL after a year of repeated exposures. We conclude that comparably low airborne concentrations can contribute to the body burden of lead and that additional measures to reduce exposure are warranted, particularly for instructors.
Linda Schenk; Håkan Wingfors; Björn Skoog; Niklas Forsgard; Christina Nyberg; Fabian Taube. Exposures to lead during urban combat training. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 2021, 235, 113773 .
AMA StyleLinda Schenk, Håkan Wingfors, Björn Skoog, Niklas Forsgard, Christina Nyberg, Fabian Taube. Exposures to lead during urban combat training. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. 2021; 235 ():113773.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLinda Schenk; Håkan Wingfors; Björn Skoog; Niklas Forsgard; Christina Nyberg; Fabian Taube. 2021. "Exposures to lead during urban combat training." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 235, no. : 113773.
This study was aimed at assessing the readiness of 200 emergency nurses in the southern part of Saudi Arabia in the management of public health emergencies, major incidents, and disasters by using quantitative research through a self-reporting validated questionnaire containing 10 different dimensions. All registered nurses working in emergency departments who were willing to participate, of all ages and gender groups, were included. Nurses who were not present during the study period because of vacation or maternity leave, nurses at the managerial level, and nursing aides were excluded. The participating nurses reported good knowledge in almost all investigated aspects of the theoretical dimensions of emergency management. However, they revealed perceived weaknesses in practical dimensions of emergency management and difficulties in assessing their own efforts. There was a significant correlation between qualification and the dimensions of emergency preparedness, epidemiology and surveillance, isolation and quarantine and critical resources, which indicates a need for strengthening their practical contribution as well as their theoretical knowledge. Educational initiatives combining theoretical and practical aspects of emergency management may provide an opportunity to examine nurses’ knowledge, skills, and abilities continuously in an environment with no harm to patients.
Mohammed Sultan; Amir Khorram-Manesh; Eric Carlström; Jarle Sørensen; Hadi Sulayyim; Fabian Taube. Nurses’ Readiness for Emergencies and Public Health Challenges—The Case of Saudi Arabia. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7874 .
AMA StyleMohammed Sultan, Amir Khorram-Manesh, Eric Carlström, Jarle Sørensen, Hadi Sulayyim, Fabian Taube. Nurses’ Readiness for Emergencies and Public Health Challenges—The Case of Saudi Arabia. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (19):7874.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed Sultan; Amir Khorram-Manesh; Eric Carlström; Jarle Sørensen; Hadi Sulayyim; Fabian Taube. 2020. "Nurses’ Readiness for Emergencies and Public Health Challenges—The Case of Saudi Arabia." Sustainability 12, no. 19: 7874.
The purpose of this study was to discriminate hypomineralised enamel of permanent first molars from normal enamel by means of spectroscopic methods. The present study was conducted using Multi spot Raman Fourier Transform Spectroscopy, Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Raman spectroscopy indicated significantly more B-type carbonate and hydrocarbons in hypomineralised enamel diagnosed as MIH (Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation). From XRD analysis, no changes in crystallinity of the enamel apatite could be found. Using multi spot Raman-spectroscopy, a significant molecular discrimination between normal and hypomineralised enamel could be made. Detailed surface studies are needed in order to achieve better restorative materials, specifically designed for restoration of hypomineralised enamel, and are also needed in order to understand and predict the clinical consequences of hypomineralised enamel with the condition MIH.
F. Taube; Maciej Marczewski; J.G. Norén. Deviations of inorganic and organic carbon content in hypomineralised enamel. Journal of Dentistry 2015, 43, 269 -278.
AMA StyleF. Taube, Maciej Marczewski, J.G. Norén. Deviations of inorganic and organic carbon content in hypomineralised enamel. Journal of Dentistry. 2015; 43 (2):269-278.
Chicago/Turabian StyleF. Taube; Maciej Marczewski; J.G. Norén. 2015. "Deviations of inorganic and organic carbon content in hypomineralised enamel." Journal of Dentistry 43, no. 2: 269-278.
Physicochemical properties, such as particle sizes, composition, and solubility of welding fumes are decisive for the bioaccessibility of manganese and thereby for the manganese cytotoxic and neurotoxic effects arising from various welding fumes. Because of the diverse results within the research on welding fume solubility, this article aims to review and discuss recent literature on physicochemical properties of gas metal arc welding, shielded metal arc welding, and flux-cored arc welding fumes, with focus on solubility properties. This article also presents a short introduction to the literature on arc welding techniques, health effects from manganese, and occupational exposure to manganese among welders.
Fabian Taube. Manganese in Occupational Arc Welding Fumes—Aspects on Physiochemical Properties, with Focus on Solubility. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene 2012, 57, 6 -25.
AMA StyleFabian Taube. Manganese in Occupational Arc Welding Fumes—Aspects on Physiochemical Properties, with Focus on Solubility. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene. 2012; 57 (1):6-25.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabian Taube. 2012. "Manganese in Occupational Arc Welding Fumes—Aspects on Physiochemical Properties, with Focus on Solubility." The Annals of Occupational Hygiene 57, no. 1: 6-25.
Spectroscopic (XRD, XPS, ICP-MS and AAS) and microscopic (ESEM) techniques have been used in order to study the chemical effects with emphasis on mercury speciation, during thermal treatment of a mercury contaminated soil. In the untreated soil, mercury was found concentrated in spherical particles, which were successively broken down upon thermal treatment. Hg0 and inorganic mercury compounds (presumably HgO(s) and HgSO4(s)) could be detected. No (CH3)2Hg and only traces of CH3Hg+ could be found. The dependence on temperature and heating time indicated that the evaporation of mercury from the soil was partly controlled by diffusion mechanisms. Mercury volatilized in two separate stages during heating; initial elemental vaporization, and subsequent volatilization of the oxide or sulfate phase at higher temperatures (>230°C). By thermal treatment at 470°C and 20 min, a removal of >99% of the mercury could be achieved.
F. Taube; L. Pommer; T. Larsson; Andrey Shchukarev; A. Nordin. Soil Remediation – Mercury Speciation in Soil and Vapor Phase During Thermal Treatment. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 2008, 193, 155 -163.
AMA StyleF. Taube, L. Pommer, T. Larsson, Andrey Shchukarev, A. Nordin. Soil Remediation – Mercury Speciation in Soil and Vapor Phase During Thermal Treatment. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 2008; 193 (1-4):155-163.
Chicago/Turabian StyleF. Taube; L. Pommer; T. Larsson; Andrey Shchukarev; A. Nordin. 2008. "Soil Remediation – Mercury Speciation in Soil and Vapor Phase During Thermal Treatment." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 193, no. 1-4: 155-163.