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The use of mulching in agriculture suppresses the weeds around crop plants, enhances the nutrients status of soil, controls the soil structure and temperature, and reduces soil water evaporation. Excessive use of low-density polyethylene mulches is contributing to the accumulation of high amounts of plastic wastes, an environmental problem for agricultural ecosystems. Fragments of plastic from such wastes can be found in soils, in water resources, and in organisms, including humans. The objective of this work was to study the economic viability of the use of different hydromulches in an artichoke crop. Three blends were prepared by mixing paper pulp (recycled from used paper) and cardboard (from paper mills) with different additives: wheat straw (WS), rice hulls (RH), and substrate used for mushroom cultivation (MS). These were compared with low-density polyethylene (Pe), a treatment without mulching on bare soil where hand weeding was performed (HW), and a treatment without mulching on bare soil where herbicide was applied (H). The results indicate that the use of hydromulch in an artichoke crop represents a good alternative for reducing plastic waste in agriculture. The net profits of the hydromulch treatments (MS, WS, RH) were higher than for HW and H, and slightly lower than for Pe. The most profitable treatment was Pe (€0.69 m−3), followed by RH (€0.59 m−3), WS (€0.58 m−3), MS (€0.47 m−3), HW (€0.36 m−3), and H (€0.32 m−3). A sensitivity analysis showed a probability of negative results of 0.04 in Pe, 0.13 in SM, 0.08 in WS, and 0.07 in RH, so the probability that the grower will make a profit is greater than 0.9 with the use of mulch (except mushroom substrate) or polyethylene.
Josefa López-Marín; Miriam Romero; Amparo Gálvez; Francisco del Amor; Maria Piñero; José Brotons-Martínez. The Use of Hydromulching as an Alternative to Plastic Films in an Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus cv. Symphony) Crop: A Study of the Economic Viability. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5313 .
AMA StyleJosefa López-Marín, Miriam Romero, Amparo Gálvez, Francisco del Amor, Maria Piñero, José Brotons-Martínez. The Use of Hydromulching as an Alternative to Plastic Films in an Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus cv. Symphony) Crop: A Study of the Economic Viability. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):5313.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosefa López-Marín; Miriam Romero; Amparo Gálvez; Francisco del Amor; Maria Piñero; José Brotons-Martínez. 2021. "The Use of Hydromulching as an Alternative to Plastic Films in an Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus cv. Symphony) Crop: A Study of the Economic Viability." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 5313.
This work has been focused on the study of how we can affect the short heat stress on the bioactive compounds content. Some recent investigations have observed that management of nitrogen fertilization can alleviate short-term heat effects on plants. Additionally, the short-term heat stress can be also ameliorated by using putrescine, a polyamine, due to its crucial role in the adaptation of plants to heat stress Therefore, different NO3 −/NH4 + ratios and a foliar putrescine treatment have been used in order to increase tolerance to thermal stress in order to take advantage of the more frequent and intense heat waves and make this crop more sustainable. So, other objective of this work is to make the cauliflower waste more attractive for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical preparations. Thus, the effect of a thermal stress combined with a 50:50 NO3 −/NH4 + ratio in the nutrient solution, and the foliar application of 2.5 mM putrescine increased in the content of various sugars (inositol, glucose, and fructose), total phenolic compounds and polyamines, as well as in the antioxidant activity. The greatest accumulation of these compounds was observed in young leaves. Our results show from a physiological and agronomic point of view, that the foliar application of putrescine and the 50:50 NO3 −/NH4 + treatment managed to alleviate the negative effects of the abiotic stress suffered at high temperature, yielding plants with higher antioxidant compounds content.
Jacinta Collado-González; Maria Piñero; Ginés Otálora; Josefa López-Marín; Francisco Amor. The Effect of Foliar Putrescine Application, Ammonium Exposure, and Heat Stress on Antioxidant Compounds in Cauliflower Waste. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 707 .
AMA StyleJacinta Collado-González, Maria Piñero, Ginés Otálora, Josefa López-Marín, Francisco Amor. The Effect of Foliar Putrescine Application, Ammonium Exposure, and Heat Stress on Antioxidant Compounds in Cauliflower Waste. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (5):707.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJacinta Collado-González; Maria Piñero; Ginés Otálora; Josefa López-Marín; Francisco Amor. 2021. "The Effect of Foliar Putrescine Application, Ammonium Exposure, and Heat Stress on Antioxidant Compounds in Cauliflower Waste." Antioxidants 10, no. 5: 707.
Salinity provokes an imbalance of vegetative to generative growth, thus impairing crop productivity. Unlike breeding strategies, grafting is a direct and quick alternative to improve salinity tolerance in horticultural crops, through rebalancing plant development. Providing that hormones play a key role in plant growth and development and stress responses, we hypothesized that rootstock-mediated reallocation of vegetative growth and yield under salinity was associated with changes in the hormonal balance. To test this hypothesis, the hybrid pepper variety (Capsicum annuum L. “Gacela F1”) was either non-grafted or grafted onto three commercial rootstocks (Creonte, Atlante, and Terrano) and plants were grown in a greenhouse under control (0 mM NaCl) and moderate salinity (35 mM NaCl) conditions. Differential vegetative growth versus fruit yield responses were induced by rootstock and salinity. Atlante strongly increased shoot and root fresh weight with respect to the non-grafted Gacela plants associated with improved photosynthetic rate and K+ homeostasis under salinity. The invigorating effect of Atlante can be explained by an efficient balance between cytokinins (CKs) and abscisic acid (ABA). Creonte improved fruit yield and maintained the reproductive to vegetative ratio under salinity as a consequence of its capacity to induce biomass reallocation and to avoid Na+ accumulation in the shoot. The physiological responses associated with yield stability in Creonte were mediated by the inverse regulation of CKs and the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid. Finally, Terrano limited the accumulation of gibberellins in the shoot thus reducing plant height. Despite scion compactness induced by Terrano, both vegetative and reproductive biomass were maintained under salinity through ABA-mediated control of water relations and K+ homeostasis. Our data demonstrate that the contrasting developmental and physiological responses induced by the rootstock genotype in salinized pepper plants were critically mediated by hormones. This will be particularly important for rootstock breeding programs to improve salinity tolerance by focusing on hormonal traits.
Amparo Gálvez; Alfonso Albacete; Cristina Martínez-Andújar; Francisco del Amor; Josefa López-Marín. Contrasting Rootstock-Mediated Growth and Yield Responses in Salinized Pepper Plants (Capsicum annuum L.) Are Associated with Changes in the Hormonal Balance. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 3297 .
AMA StyleAmparo Gálvez, Alfonso Albacete, Cristina Martínez-Andújar, Francisco del Amor, Josefa López-Marín. Contrasting Rootstock-Mediated Growth and Yield Responses in Salinized Pepper Plants (Capsicum annuum L.) Are Associated with Changes in the Hormonal Balance. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (7):3297.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmparo Gálvez; Alfonso Albacete; Cristina Martínez-Andújar; Francisco del Amor; Josefa López-Marín. 2021. "Contrasting Rootstock-Mediated Growth and Yield Responses in Salinized Pepper Plants (Capsicum annuum L.) Are Associated with Changes in the Hormonal Balance." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 7: 3297.
This study examines the effect of the exogenous application of polyamine putrescine together with the application of different ratios of nitrate/ammonium (NO3−/NH4+), on the physiology of cauliflower subjected to heat stress. The 50:50 NO3−/NH4+ ratio was the best ratio against heat stress. As a result of the joint application of these compounds, a higher photosynthetic rate, a higher accumulation of both photosynthesis-related compounds and pigments, total proteins, and a change in the status of nutrients were obtained. Particularly, the decrease in content of calcium, chloride and sulphate in plants under heat stress is ameliorated by the ammonium effect. Additionally, it is important to highlight that cauliflower waste contains a higher content of mineral nutrients than floret cauliflower. These effects were more marked in young leaves. Furthermore, a synergistic effect for coping with heat stress between the polyamine and the nutritional treatment was observed. For this, both the application of putrescine and the feeding of plants with a 50:50 NO3−/NH4+ ratio before heat stress is proposed for the first time as an agricultural practice for increasing the thermotolerance of cauliflower cv Moonshine. On the other hand, due to the lower lipid peroxidation rate obtained in cauliflower leaves, these plants could be used for health purposes as ointments or other nutraceutical products, making the cultivation of this kind of cruciferous more sustainable.
Jacinta Collado-González; María Piñero; Ginés Otálora; Josefa López-Marín; Francisco del Amor. Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms and Exogenous Application of Putrescine on Heat Stress of Cauliflower: Photosynthetic Gas Exchange, Mineral Concentration and Lipid Peroxidation. Plants 2021, 10, 152 .
AMA StyleJacinta Collado-González, María Piñero, Ginés Otálora, Josefa López-Marín, Francisco del Amor. Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms and Exogenous Application of Putrescine on Heat Stress of Cauliflower: Photosynthetic Gas Exchange, Mineral Concentration and Lipid Peroxidation. Plants. 2021; 10 (1):152.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJacinta Collado-González; María Piñero; Ginés Otálora; Josefa López-Marín; Francisco del Amor. 2021. "Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms and Exogenous Application of Putrescine on Heat Stress of Cauliflower: Photosynthetic Gas Exchange, Mineral Concentration and Lipid Peroxidation." Plants 10, no. 1: 152.
In the last decades, cauliflower consumption has increased due to its observed beneficial effects on human health, especially on chronic diseases. Furthermore, the use of arginine has been shown to improve the heat stress tolerance of plants by increasing the polyamine content. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of the exogenous application of arginine on the physical and chemical quality parameters of cauliflower florets under heat stress. For this, we applied two concentrations of arginine (1 and 4 mM) to the leaves of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) plants grown in three different temperatures (ambient, elevated, and extreme). Our data show that potassium and phosphate, as well as iron were the most abundant macro- and micronutrients, respectively. The combination of high temperature and exogenous application of arginine increased the antioxidant activity, total content of phenolic compounds, polyamines, and proteins. The data presented herein indicate that the combination of an adequate heat stress and the appropriate foliar arginine treatment may be a useful strategy that could be used to increase the number of valuable plant compounds in our diet.
Jacinta Collado-González; María Carmen Piñero; Ginés Otálora; Josefa López-Marín; Francisco M. Del Amor. Merging Heat Stress Tolerance and Health-Promoting Properties: The Effects of Exogenous Arginine in Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.). Foods 2020, 10, 30 .
AMA StyleJacinta Collado-González, María Carmen Piñero, Ginés Otálora, Josefa López-Marín, Francisco M. Del Amor. Merging Heat Stress Tolerance and Health-Promoting Properties: The Effects of Exogenous Arginine in Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.). Foods. 2020; 10 (1):30.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJacinta Collado-González; María Carmen Piñero; Ginés Otálora; Josefa López-Marín; Francisco M. Del Amor. 2020. "Merging Heat Stress Tolerance and Health-Promoting Properties: The Effects of Exogenous Arginine in Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.)." Foods 10, no. 1: 30.
Greenhouse peppers are one of the most important crops globally. However, as in any production activity, especially agricultural, they are subject to important risk factors such as price fluctuations, pests, or the use of bad quality water. This article aims to evaluate the viability of these types of crops by using discounted cash flows. Risk evaluation has been carried out through the analysis of pepper plantations for 2016 and 2017. The traditional application of this tool has significant limitations, such as the discount rate to be used or the estimation of future cash flows. However, by using discount functions that decrease over time in combination with decoupled net present value, these limitations are expected to improve. The use of decoupled net present value has permitted an increase in the accuracy and quantification of risks, isolating the main risks such as price drops (EUR 3720 ha−1 year−1) and structural risks (EUR 1622 € ha−1 year−1). The use of decreasing discount functions has permitted a more realistic investment estimation. Finally, the sensitivity analysis shows that decoupled net present value (DNPV) is little affected by changes in interest rates in contrast to traditional net present value (NPV).
Josefa López-Marín; Amparo Gálvez; Francisco M. Del Amor; Jose M. Brotons. The Financial Valuation Risk in Pepper Production: The Use of Decoupled Net Present Value. Mathematics 2020, 9, 13 .
AMA StyleJosefa López-Marín, Amparo Gálvez, Francisco M. Del Amor, Jose M. Brotons. The Financial Valuation Risk in Pepper Production: The Use of Decoupled Net Present Value. Mathematics. 2020; 9 (1):13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosefa López-Marín; Amparo Gálvez; Francisco M. Del Amor; Jose M. Brotons. 2020. "The Financial Valuation Risk in Pepper Production: The Use of Decoupled Net Present Value." Mathematics 9, no. 1: 13.
Growers in the cultivated areas where the climate change threatens the agricultural productivity and livelihoods are aware that the current constraints for good quality water are being worsened by heatwaves. We studied the combination of salinity (60 mM NaCl) and heat shock stress (43 °C) in pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L. var. Tamarin) since this can affect physiological and biochemical processes distinctly when compared to separate effects. Moreover, the exogenous application of 0.5 mM salicylic acid (SA) was studied to determine its impacts and the SA-mediated processes that confer tolerance of the combined or stand-alone stresses. Plant growth, leaf Cl− and NO3− concentrations, carbohydrates, and polyamines were analyzed. Our results show that both salinity stress (SS) and heat stress (HS) reduced plant fresh weight, and SA only increased it for HS, with no effect for the combined stress (CS). While SA increased the concentration of Cl− for SS or CS, it had no effect on NO3−. The carbohydrates concentrations were, in general, increased by HS, and were decreased by CS, and for glucose and fructose, by SA. Additionally, when CS was imposed, SA significantly increased the spermine and spermidine concentrations. Thus, SA did not always alleviate the CS and the plant response to CS cannot be directly attributed to the full or partial sum of the individual responses to each stress.
Ginés Otálora; María Carmen Piñero; Jacinta Collado-González; Josefa López-Marín; Francisco M. Del Amor. Exogenous Salicylic Acid Modulates the Response to Combined Salinity-Temperature Stress in Pepper Plants (Capsicum annuum L. var. Tamarin). Plants 2020, 9, 1790 .
AMA StyleGinés Otálora, María Carmen Piñero, Jacinta Collado-González, Josefa López-Marín, Francisco M. Del Amor. Exogenous Salicylic Acid Modulates the Response to Combined Salinity-Temperature Stress in Pepper Plants (Capsicum annuum L. var. Tamarin). Plants. 2020; 9 (12):1790.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGinés Otálora; María Carmen Piñero; Jacinta Collado-González; Josefa López-Marín; Francisco M. Del Amor. 2020. "Exogenous Salicylic Acid Modulates the Response to Combined Salinity-Temperature Stress in Pepper Plants (Capsicum annuum L. var. Tamarin)." Plants 9, no. 12: 1790.
The actual climate crisis scenario is aggravating the abiotic stress episodes that crop plants have to face. Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses directly impairing plant growth and productivity. Several strategies have been developed to minimize the negative effects of salinity in agricultural industry, mainly at the plant level, while management strategies, such us the control of microclimate conditions and light quality over plant canopy, have also been used. Indeed, shading plants with photoselective nets has been considered an efficient management strategy to modulate solar radiation to improve crop productivity. The aim of this work was to gain insights about the physiological factors underlying the salinity-alleviating effect of using red shading nets. For that, pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) were grown under control (0 mM NaCl) and moderate salinity (35 mM NaCl) conditions, with half of the plants covered with a red net (30% shading). The shoot growth impairment provoked by salinity was in part minimized by shading plants with red nets, which can be explained by their higher capacity to exclude Na+, control of K+ homeostasis and regulation of hormonal balance. Indeed, the concentrations of the most active cytokinin in pepper, trans-zeatin, as well as its metabolic precursor, zeatin riboside, increased in shaded plants, associated to shoot growth recovery and photosynthetic rate maintenance under salinity. Furthermore, the stress-related hormone abscisic acid (ABA) increased with salinity but in a lower extend in the plants shaded with red nets, suggesting a fine tune of stomata opening by ABA which, in crosstalk with salicylic acid increment, improved plant water relations. Likewise, the concentrations of gibberellins and the ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, also changed during salinity stress in shaded plants but those changes were uncoupled of growth responses as indicated by the principal component analysis and thus they seem to play a minor role. Our data demonstrate that shading pepper plants with red nets is an efficient management strategy to modulate microclimate conditions at crop level thus controlling the ion homeostasis and hormonal balance of the plant to cope with salinity stress. This is especially important due to the actual and expected changes of the global climatic conditions.
Amparo Gálvez; Alfonso Albacete; Francisco M. Del Amor; Josefa López-Marín. The Use of Red Shade Nets Improves Growth in Salinized Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Plants by Regulating Their Ion Homeostasis and Hormone Balance. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1766 .
AMA StyleAmparo Gálvez, Alfonso Albacete, Francisco M. Del Amor, Josefa López-Marín. The Use of Red Shade Nets Improves Growth in Salinized Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Plants by Regulating Their Ion Homeostasis and Hormone Balance. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (11):1766.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmparo Gálvez; Alfonso Albacete; Francisco M. Del Amor; Josefa López-Marín. 2020. "The Use of Red Shade Nets Improves Growth in Salinized Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Plants by Regulating Their Ion Homeostasis and Hormone Balance." Agronomy 10, no. 11: 1766.
This article describes the effects of exogenous spermidine on mineral components, polyamines, total phenolic compounds, sugars, antioxidant activity and the percentage protein content in cauliflower florets under three different levels of heat stress. The combination of heat stress and foliar application of spermidine increased the antioxidant activity, total content of phenolic compounds and polyamines. It is worthy of note that histamine was detected in this work. The contents of all the soluble sugars measured were reduced when only heat stress was applied, but the contents of inositol, fructose and sucrose were increased after foliar application of spermidine at high temperature. Heat stress and spermidine application also produced an increase not only in the percentage content of proteins, but also in the K and P contents. Sulphate and phosphates were accumulated at ambient and extreme temperature, whilst nitrate was, in general, accumulated when 4 mM spermidine was applied.
Jacinta Collado-González; María Carmen Piñero; Ginés Otálora; Josefa López-Marín; Francisco M. del Amor. Exogenous spermidine modifies nutritional and bioactive constituents of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) florets under heat stress. Scientia Horticulturae 2020, 277, 109818 .
AMA StyleJacinta Collado-González, María Carmen Piñero, Ginés Otálora, Josefa López-Marín, Francisco M. del Amor. Exogenous spermidine modifies nutritional and bioactive constituents of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) florets under heat stress. Scientia Horticulturae. 2020; 277 ():109818.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJacinta Collado-González; María Carmen Piñero; Ginés Otálora; Josefa López-Marín; Francisco M. del Amor. 2020. "Exogenous spermidine modifies nutritional and bioactive constituents of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) florets under heat stress." Scientia Horticulturae 277, no. : 109818.
BACKGROUND Climate change has caused an increase in the frequency and intensity of heatwaves, worldwide, which subject plants to thermal stress for short periods; this can affect the quality of melon fruits, both negatively and positively. Since the application of putrescine has been shown to help increase tolerance of abiotic stresses, the objective of this work is to determine the effects of the foliar application of putrescine (1.5 mM and 5 mM) before a short heat stress (HS) on the quality of melon fruits. RESULTS The results indicate that HS had a positive effect on the quality of melon fruits, since it increased the total sugars and polyamines contents and the antioxidant capacity, and reduced the presence of substances undesirable in foods such as nitrate. However, the fruit quality was further increased by the combination of HS and putrescine (5 mM). In this case, the melon fruits showed increases in their antioxidant capacity and contents of polyamines, amino acids and minerals beneficial to health. The nitrate concentration was even lower than in the control fruits. CONCLUSION This novel study highlights the possibility of improving the nutritional quality of melon pulp by applying foliar putrescine in combination with a short period of high temperature. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
María Carmen Piñero; Ginés Otálora; Jacinta Collado; Josefa López‐Marín; Francisco M. Del Amor. Foliar application of putrescine before a short‐term heat stress improves the quality of melon fruits ( Cucumis melo L.). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2020, 101, 1428 -1435.
AMA StyleMaría Carmen Piñero, Ginés Otálora, Jacinta Collado, Josefa López‐Marín, Francisco M. Del Amor. Foliar application of putrescine before a short‐term heat stress improves the quality of melon fruits ( Cucumis melo L.). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2020; 101 (4):1428-1435.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Carmen Piñero; Ginés Otálora; Jacinta Collado; Josefa López‐Marín; Francisco M. Del Amor. 2020. "Foliar application of putrescine before a short‐term heat stress improves the quality of melon fruits ( Cucumis melo L.)." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 101, no. 4: 1428-1435.
We investigated the effect on melon fruits of "fish water" alone or in combination with a supplement of synthetic fertilizers in a nutrient solution or foliar application of Ca(NO3)2. These treatments were compared with a traditional soilless system with synthetic fertilizers and no reuse of the nutrient solution. The results show that the treatments with recirculation of fish water and with the foliar supplement yielded fruits of greater weight and size but with reduced lightness and lower concentrations of proteins, NO3-, K+, and total amino acids. The supply of synthetic nutrients to the roots or leaves caused a reduction in the sugar concentrations and the antioxidant activity of these fruits. The use of fish water (alone or with an amendment) increased spermine and putrescine with respect to the traditional soilless crop management. The results for these bioactive compounds in melons should be considered for maintenance of health with age.
María Carmen Piñero; Ginés Otálora; Jacinta Collado; Josefa López-Marín; Francisco M. Del Amor. Differential Effects of Aquaponic Production System on Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Fruit Quality. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2020, 68, 6511 -6519.
AMA StyleMaría Carmen Piñero, Ginés Otálora, Jacinta Collado, Josefa López-Marín, Francisco M. Del Amor. Differential Effects of Aquaponic Production System on Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Fruit Quality. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2020; 68 (24):6511-6519.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Carmen Piñero; Ginés Otálora; Jacinta Collado; Josefa López-Marín; Francisco M. Del Amor. 2020. "Differential Effects of Aquaponic Production System on Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Fruit Quality." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 68, no. 24: 6511-6519.
Field-grown mature Monastrell grapevines grafted on five different rootstocks (140Ru, 1103 P, 41B, 110R, 161-49C) were subjected to regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) and partial root zone irrigation (PRI) in a semiarid region in SE Spain (D.O. Bullas, Region of Murcia). The main goal was to analyse the effects of the rootstock (R), irrigation method (IM), and their interaction (R x IM) on the final wine composition, volatile aromatic profile, and wine sensory attributes. The application of low annual water volumes (85–90 mm year−1) to low vigorous rootstocks (161-49C, 110R) was reflected in wines with higher contents of polyphenolics and alcohol, a higher wine quality index (QIwine), enhanced levels of health-promoting bioactive compounds (flavonols, malvidins), and better organoleptic perception compared to other rootstocks. These wines also had lower concentration of aromatic compounds (alcohols and esters). The 140Ru wines, although having a lower polyphenolic concentration and worse color, were among those rated most highly and preferred by the tasters. These wines had a high content of lactic acid and amino acids, higher tartaric/malic and anthocyanins/tannins ratios and a low concentration of aromatic compounds. In contrast, 1103 P and 41B wines had lower polyphenolic content-nutraceutical value, lower QIwine, tartaric/malic and anthocyanins/tannins ratios, more aromatic compounds, abundant green-vegetable/astringent notes, and more defect-causing compounds. In addition, these wines were also the worst rated in the sensory analysis. Significant positive correlations between the polyphenolic content and alcoholic degree and the score in the wine sensory analysis indicated that the greater the polyphenolic and alcohol contents in the wine, the better valued and more preferred by the tasters it was. PRI method improved wine quality and organoleptic perception for low vigor rootstocks (especially 161-49C), compared to RDI. These wines showed darker color, higher sugar content and nutraceutical potential as well as better sensory perception compared to other rootstock-IM combinations. In contrast, for high vigor rootstocks (1103 P, 140Ru), RDI was more beneficial for wine composition, global quality, and sensory perception. Overall, the PRI method also increased the presence of some volatile unpleasant alcohols in the wines. We recommend the use of low vigor rootstocks and DI techniques with small water volumes to improve Monastrell wine quality, and as a measure to adapt vineyards to climate change under semiarid and water limiting conditions.
Pascual Romero; Pablo Botía; Francisco M. del Amor; Rocío Gil-Muñoz; Pilar Flores; Josefa María Navarro. Interactive effects of the rootstock and the deficit irrigation technique on wine composition, nutraceutical potential, aromatic profile, and sensory attributes under semiarid and water limiting conditions. Agricultural Water Management 2019, 225, 105733 .
AMA StylePascual Romero, Pablo Botía, Francisco M. del Amor, Rocío Gil-Muñoz, Pilar Flores, Josefa María Navarro. Interactive effects of the rootstock and the deficit irrigation technique on wine composition, nutraceutical potential, aromatic profile, and sensory attributes under semiarid and water limiting conditions. Agricultural Water Management. 2019; 225 ():105733.
Chicago/Turabian StylePascual Romero; Pablo Botía; Francisco M. del Amor; Rocío Gil-Muñoz; Pilar Flores; Josefa María Navarro. 2019. "Interactive effects of the rootstock and the deficit irrigation technique on wine composition, nutraceutical potential, aromatic profile, and sensory attributes under semiarid and water limiting conditions." Agricultural Water Management 225, no. : 105733.
Josefa Lopez Marin; Amparo Gálvez; G. Otalora; Francisco M. del Amor. Photoselective shade nets for pepper cultivation in southeastern Spain. Acta Horticulturae 2019, 183 -190.
AMA StyleJosefa Lopez Marin, Amparo Gálvez, G. Otalora, Francisco M. del Amor. Photoselective shade nets for pepper cultivation in southeastern Spain. Acta Horticulturae. 2019; (1252):183-190.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosefa Lopez Marin; Amparo Gálvez; G. Otalora; Francisco M. del Amor. 2019. "Photoselective shade nets for pepper cultivation in southeastern Spain." Acta Horticulturae , no. 1252: 183-190.
The horticultural industry demands high-quality resources to achieve excellence in yield and optimal revenues. Nitrogen is a pivotal nutrient to accomplish these goals for plant growth and product quality. However, competition for water in semi-arid regions can force the use of brackish waters, which can impair N uptake. The lower N uptake can be due to several reasons, such as an antagonism between ions, an absence of ATP, and/or alteration of N metabolism. The effect of supplying N as NO3− alone or in combination with NH4+, coupled with low or high salinity (8 or 20 mM NaCl), has been studied in sweet pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Melchor). The application of NH4+ at high salinity affected chromatic parameters (a∗, b∗, and C∗), while chlorophyll a and b levels declined and β-carotene increased. The concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg, and Cu were reduced in the fruits of plants irrigated with NH4+. The concentration of Na was only reduced when NH4+ was supplied. Likewise, the concentration of total phenolics was also reduced at high salinity. However, total protein was unaffected. The amino acid profile was altered by the supply of NH4+, which reduced the concentrations of histidine and phenylalanine. Moreover, the concentrations of putrescine and cadaverine were increased by NH4+ at high salinity, whereas that of cadaverine was reduced by NH4+ at low salinity. The observed changes in fruit quality triggered by salinity, under the conditions of this study, should be borne in mind for this crop with regard to the envisaged palliative effect of the supply of N-NH4+.
M. C. Piñero; Manuel E. Porras; Josefa López-Marín; Mari C. Sánchez-Guerrero; Evangelina Medrano; Pilar Lorenzo; Francisco M. Del Amor. Differential Nitrogen Nutrition Modifies Polyamines and the Amino-Acid Profile of Sweet Pepper Under Salinity Stress. Frontiers in Plant Science 2019, 10, 1 .
AMA StyleM. C. Piñero, Manuel E. Porras, Josefa López-Marín, Mari C. Sánchez-Guerrero, Evangelina Medrano, Pilar Lorenzo, Francisco M. Del Amor. Differential Nitrogen Nutrition Modifies Polyamines and the Amino-Acid Profile of Sweet Pepper Under Salinity Stress. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2019; 10 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. C. Piñero; Manuel E. Porras; Josefa López-Marín; Mari C. Sánchez-Guerrero; Evangelina Medrano; Pilar Lorenzo; Francisco M. Del Amor. 2019. "Differential Nitrogen Nutrition Modifies Polyamines and the Amino-Acid Profile of Sweet Pepper Under Salinity Stress." Frontiers in Plant Science 10, no. : 1.
Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are one of the major phytopathological problems that limit potential yields in intensive agriculture worldwide. Grafting with resistant rootstocks has been demonstrated to be a viable technique to manage Meloidogyne incognita in several crops (tomato, melon, watermelon, etc.). However, little research has been conducted on sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) grown in greenhouses under Mediterranean-climate conditions. Therefore, we studied a susceptible scion variety (Gacela) grafted onto resistant rootstocks (C19, C25, and RT17), in comparison with ungrafted and self-grafted (GAL) plants. The RKN produced significant root galling in ungrafted and GAL plants; however, RT17 was unaffected. This differing response to infection is discussed from physiological and agronomic perspectives. Thus, following the inoculation of susceptible rootstocks, leaf photosynthesis was impaired by altered stomatal regulation and photochemical efficiency (chlorophyll a fluorescence), which led to unbalanced fruit nutrient concentrations (especially Ca) and to enhanced allocation of carbon from photosynthesis to the production of biochemical defense compounds. Consequently, total phenolics and carotenoids were significantly affected, as was the amino acid profile. These results provide new insights into the traits that can identify RKN-resistant rootstocks, and therefore new tools to induce resistance, while avoiding the use of disinfectants in the soil.
Amparo Gálvez; Francisco M. Del Amor; Caridad Ros; Josefa López-Marín. New traits to identify physiological responses induced by different rootstocks after root-knot nematode inoculation (Meloidogyne incognita) in sweet pepper. Crop Protection 2019, 119, 126 -133.
AMA StyleAmparo Gálvez, Francisco M. Del Amor, Caridad Ros, Josefa López-Marín. New traits to identify physiological responses induced by different rootstocks after root-knot nematode inoculation (Meloidogyne incognita) in sweet pepper. Crop Protection. 2019; 119 ():126-133.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmparo Gálvez; Francisco M. Del Amor; Caridad Ros; Josefa López-Marín. 2019. "New traits to identify physiological responses induced by different rootstocks after root-knot nematode inoculation (Meloidogyne incognita) in sweet pepper." Crop Protection 119, no. : 126-133.
The atmospheric CO2 concentration and the frequency and severity of heat waves are increasing, and the nitrogen - key to plant development - supplied to crops leaches easily, polluting ground water. In this experiment, these three elements were combined, in order to unravel the physiological mechanisms involved in the plant response to this future scenario. Sweet pepper seedlings were exposed to distinct nitrate inputs (nutrient solutions containing 12 mM, 5 mM and 0 mM of N) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, a high CO2 concentration (1000 μmol mol-1), and a heat shock (43 °C), in a controlled environment. Physiological markers - such as photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance (gs), water use efficiency (WUE), chlorophylls, chlorophyll fluorescence, lipid peroxidation, anions, and free amino acids - were measured. Exposure to the high temperature did not lead to any measurable stress in the sweet pepper plants. In fact, it augmented photosynthesis and the nitrate concentration, particularly at the elevated CO2 concentration. Heat shock did not suppose any detriment for the plants beyond the expected increases in gs and WUE. On the contrary, heat triggered many processes that ended up favoring photosynthesis; when combined with elevated CO2, the result was even more beneficial for the plants. On the other hand, nitrogen starvation produced serious damage - such as decreases in the photosynthesis rate and chlorophylls and increases in lipid peroxidation and the levels of anions, cysteine, leucine, and phenylalanine in the plant - which was ameliorated to a great extent by the action of high CO2. Finally, the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria hardly enhanced plant growth and development, giving results similar to those of the nitrogen withdrawal treatment.
Margarita Pérez-Jiménez; M. Carmen Piñero; Francisco M. del Amor. Heat shock, high CO2 and nitrogen fertilization effects in pepper plants submitted to elevated temperatures. Scientia Horticulturae 2018, 244, 322 -329.
AMA StyleMargarita Pérez-Jiménez, M. Carmen Piñero, Francisco M. del Amor. Heat shock, high CO2 and nitrogen fertilization effects in pepper plants submitted to elevated temperatures. Scientia Horticulturae. 2018; 244 ():322-329.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMargarita Pérez-Jiménez; M. Carmen Piñero; Francisco M. del Amor. 2018. "Heat shock, high CO2 and nitrogen fertilization effects in pepper plants submitted to elevated temperatures." Scientia Horticulturae 244, no. : 322-329.
Nitrogen has a pivotal role in determining the quality of horticultural products, and foliar fertilization strategies could achieve higher nutrient use efficiencies while reducing environmental impacts and potentially enhancing consumer health benefits. Escarole (Cichorium endivia L. var. latifolium) plants were grown in nutrient solution, either complete or without N, and sprayed with different concentrations of foliar urea (0, 1, 5, and 10 g L−1). Total protein in the leaves was increased by the elevated concentrations of urea but the levels of total phenolics and total soluble sugars were lower. The contents of minerals in plants not receiving N in the nutrient solution were, in general, significantly increased by urea applications, but those of Cu and Zn were decreased. Additionally, the amino acids concentrations were boosted after urea application, whatever the composition of the irrigation solution, arginine, serine, and alanine being the most abundant amino acids. In conclusion, foliar N fertilization was an effective strategy to enhance the nutritional properties.
Ginés Otálora; Mari Carmen Piñero; Josefa López-Marín; Plácido Varó; Francisco M. del Amor. Effects of foliar nitrogen fertilization on the phenolic, mineral, and amino acid composition of escarole (Cichorium endivia L. var. latifolium). Scientia Horticulturae 2018, 239, 87 -92.
AMA StyleGinés Otálora, Mari Carmen Piñero, Josefa López-Marín, Plácido Varó, Francisco M. del Amor. Effects of foliar nitrogen fertilization on the phenolic, mineral, and amino acid composition of escarole (Cichorium endivia L. var. latifolium). Scientia Horticulturae. 2018; 239 ():87-92.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGinés Otálora; Mari Carmen Piñero; Josefa López-Marín; Plácido Varó; Francisco M. del Amor. 2018. "Effects of foliar nitrogen fertilization on the phenolic, mineral, and amino acid composition of escarole (Cichorium endivia L. var. latifolium)." Scientia Horticulturae 239, no. : 87-92.
It is well known that NH4+ used as the sole N source is toxic, and that the degree of toxicity depends on environmental factors. However, far too little is known about the effect of the use of different NO3−/NH4+ ratios when the CO2 concentration [CO2] is high. Therefore, this work evaluates the extent to which the optimal form of the N-supply can increase growth at elevated CO2. Sweet pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L., cv. Melchor) were grown at ambient or elevated [CO2] (400 or 800 µmol mol−1) with a nutrient solution containing different NO3−/NH4+ ratios (concentration percentages of 100/0, 100/0 plus foliar urea (100/U), 90/10, 50/50, or 25/75). The results show that a low dose of NH4+ (90/10) in combination with the elevated [CO2] had beneficial effects on the plants. These plants had greater growth, root respiration rates, water-use efficiency, and chlorophyll fluorescence. Additionally, total phenolic compounds and ascorbate peroxidase activity were affected differentially, while the amino acid profile was also altered. This study reveals the strong interaction between the N form and the [CO2] in relation to the uptake of N, which requires further analysis to establish better nutritional strategies for the future.
María C. Piñero; Margarita Pérez-Jiménez; Josefa López-Marín; Plácido Varó; Francisco M. del Amor. Differential effect of the nitrogen form on the leaf gas exchange, amino acid composition, and antioxidant response of sweet pepper at elevated CO2. Plant Growth Regulation 2018, 86, 37 -48.
AMA StyleMaría C. Piñero, Margarita Pérez-Jiménez, Josefa López-Marín, Plácido Varó, Francisco M. del Amor. Differential effect of the nitrogen form on the leaf gas exchange, amino acid composition, and antioxidant response of sweet pepper at elevated CO2. Plant Growth Regulation. 2018; 86 (1):37-48.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría C. Piñero; Margarita Pérez-Jiménez; Josefa López-Marín; Plácido Varó; Francisco M. del Amor. 2018. "Differential effect of the nitrogen form on the leaf gas exchange, amino acid composition, and antioxidant response of sweet pepper at elevated CO2." Plant Growth Regulation 86, no. 1: 37-48.
Sweet pepper is among the most widely cultivated horticultural crops in the Mediterranean basin, being frequently grown hydroponically under cover in combination with CO2 fertilization and water conditions ranging from optimal to suboptimal. The aim of this study is to develop a simple model, based on the analysis of plant stable isotopes in their natural abundance, gas exchange traits and N concentration, to assess sweet pepper growth. Plants were grown in a growth chamber for near 6 weeks. Two [CO2] (400 and 800 μmol mol−1), three water regimes (control and mild and moderate water stress) and four genotypes were assayed. For each combination of genotype, [CO2] and water regime five plants were evaluated. Water stress applied caused significant decreases in water potential, net assimilation, stomatal conductance, intercellular to atmospheric [CO2], and significant increases in water use efficiency, leaf chlorophyll content and carbon isotope composition, while the relative water content, the osmotic potential and the content of anthocyanins did change not under stress compared to control conditions support this statement. Nevertheless, water regime affects plant growth via nitrogen assimilation, which is associated with the transpiration stream, particularly at high [CO2], while the lower N concentration caused by rising [CO2] is not associated with stomatal closure. The stable isotope composition of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen (δ13C, δ18O, and δ15N) in plant matter are affected not only by water regime but also by rising [CO2]. Thus, δ18O increased probably as response to decreases in transpiration, while the increase in δ15N may reflect not only a lower stomatal conductance but a higher nitrogen demand in leaves or shifts in nitrogen metabolism associated with decreases in photorespiration. The way that δ13C explains differences in plant growth across water regimes within a given [CO2], seems to be mediated through its direct relationship with N accumulation in leaves. The changes in the profile and amount of amino acids caused by water stress and high [CO2] support this conclusion. However, the results do not support the use of δ18O as an indicator of the effect of water regime on plant growth.
Maria D. Serret; Salima Yousfi; Ruben Vicente; Maria C. Piñero; Ginés Otálora-Alcón; Francisco M. del Amor; José L. Araus. Interactive Effects of CO2 Concentration and Water Regime on Stable Isotope Signatures, Nitrogen Assimilation and Growth in Sweet Pepper. Frontiers in Plant Science 2018, 8, 2180 .
AMA StyleMaria D. Serret, Salima Yousfi, Ruben Vicente, Maria C. Piñero, Ginés Otálora-Alcón, Francisco M. del Amor, José L. Araus. Interactive Effects of CO2 Concentration and Water Regime on Stable Isotope Signatures, Nitrogen Assimilation and Growth in Sweet Pepper. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2018; 8 ():2180.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria D. Serret; Salima Yousfi; Ruben Vicente; Maria C. Piñero; Ginés Otálora-Alcón; Francisco M. del Amor; José L. Araus. 2018. "Interactive Effects of CO2 Concentration and Water Regime on Stable Isotope Signatures, Nitrogen Assimilation and Growth in Sweet Pepper." Frontiers in Plant Science 8, no. : 2180.
Enrichment with CO2 and a commercial mix of plant growth regulators were tested to improve the plant quality and survival of pregerminated cherry tree seedlings. Pregerminated seeds were transferred from a cold chamber to a climatic chamber where the CO2 was set at 800 µmol·mol−1 CO2 or at the ambient CO2 concentration. Also, half of the plants were sprayed with the mix of plant growth regulators and disposed randomly. The experiment lasted 18 days and physiological measurements, such as plant physiological status and growth, number of leaves, net CO2 assimilation (ACO2), internal CO2, stomatal conductance, and transpiration, were taken every 4 days. Also, at the end of the experiment, other parameters—such as total leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, and starch—were recorded or quantified. During the experiment, plants cultured under CO2 enrichment exhibited a rapid increase in their photosynthetic rates, height, and leaf number; the commercial mix also increased plant height but inhibited leaf expansion and growth. At the end of the experiment, the amounts of starch and soluble sugars had increased in the plants grown under elevated CO2, compared with those plants grown in control conditions or with the commercial mix. Thus, culture at elevated CO2 achieved higher percentages of plant survival and of plants in active growth. We suggest that CO2 plays an important role—by increasing ACO2, water use efficiency, soluble sugars, and starch—which results in plants that are physiologically more prepared for transfer to the field.
Margarita Pérez-Jiménez; Almudena Bayo-Canha; Gregorio López-Ortega; Francisco M. Del Amor. Growth, Plant Quality, and Survival of Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Seedlings are Enhanced by CO2 Enrichment. HortScience 2017, 52, 1650 -1654.
AMA StyleMargarita Pérez-Jiménez, Almudena Bayo-Canha, Gregorio López-Ortega, Francisco M. Del Amor. Growth, Plant Quality, and Survival of Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Seedlings are Enhanced by CO2 Enrichment. HortScience. 2017; 52 (12):1650-1654.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMargarita Pérez-Jiménez; Almudena Bayo-Canha; Gregorio López-Ortega; Francisco M. Del Amor. 2017. "Growth, Plant Quality, and Survival of Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Seedlings are Enhanced by CO2 Enrichment." HortScience 52, no. 12: 1650-1654.