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Cristina López de Subijana
Social Sciences Applied to Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure Department, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

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Research article
Published: 29 May 2021 in International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching
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The purpose of this study was to explore the association between coach leadership and the coach-athlete relationship. Eighty-one elite athletes ( M = 20.4 years; SD = 3.8; 58% female and 42% male) responded to questionnaires pertaining to their coaches’ leadership behaviours and the quality of their relationship. The overall model for predicting the quality of the coach-athlete relationship according to perceived coach leadership behaviours explained 61% of the variance. Three transformational leadership behaviours were positively associated with the quality of the coach-athlete relationship: individualized consideration, appropriate role-modelling, and fostering acceptance of group goals and teamwork. Based on a gender comparison, men perceived higher levels of leadership pertaining to role-modelling and intellectual stimulation, in addition to higher levels of quality for the coach-athlete relationship. This research emphasizes the importance of engaging in transformational leadership behaviours with regards to associations with perceptions of the coach-athlete relationship in elite sport contexts.

ACS Style

Cristina López de Subijana; Luc J Martin; Javier Ramos; Jean Côté. How coach leadership is related to the coach-athlete relationship in elite sport. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Cristina López de Subijana, Luc J Martin, Javier Ramos, Jean Côté. How coach leadership is related to the coach-athlete relationship in elite sport. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina López de Subijana; Luc J Martin; Javier Ramos; Jean Côté. 2021. "How coach leadership is related to the coach-athlete relationship in elite sport." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 11 December 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The type of sport practiced may shape the athletic career, considered as the period in which an athlete is dedicated to obtaining their maximum performance in one or more sports. The aim of this study was to compare athletic careers and retirement in individual and team sports. Four hundred and ten former elite athletes (38.5 ± 7.6 years) answered an ad hoc questionnaire; 61.5% were men and 38.5% women; 45.1% were from individual sports, while 54.9% were from team sports. It emerged that the age of maximum sports performance and the retirement age occurred significantly later in team sports than in individual sports (U = 15,042 and U = 12,624.5, respectively p < 0.001). Team sports athletes combined their athletic career with work to a greater extent than those from individual sports (χ2 (3, N = 408) = 14.2; p = 0.003; Cv = 0.187). Individual sports athletes trained more hours per week (30.0 ± 11.7 h) than those involved in team sports (19.2 ± 10.7 h; U = 9682; p < 0.001). These athletes (team sports) were in a better economic and working situation at retirement transition (χ2 (3, N = 406) = 23.9; p < 0.001; Cv = 0.242). Individual sports athletes perform physical activity more frequently than team sports athletes (U = 16,267.5; p = 0.045), while team sports athletes participate more actively in veteran competitions (χ2 (1, N = 390) = 3.9; p = 0.047; Cv = 0.104) and more frequently attend events as spectators (χ2 (1, N = 390) = 8.4; p = 0.004; Cv = 0.151). dual career support providers should be aware that team sports athletes enjoy a longer athletic career, and they are in a better position to face the retirement transition than individual sports athletes.

ACS Style

Cristina López De Subijana; Larisa Galatti; Rubén Moreno; Jose L. Chamorro. Analysis of the Athletic Career and Retirement Depending on the Type of Sport: A Comparison between Individual and Team Sports. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 9265 .

AMA Style

Cristina López De Subijana, Larisa Galatti, Rubén Moreno, Jose L. Chamorro. Analysis of the Athletic Career and Retirement Depending on the Type of Sport: A Comparison between Individual and Team Sports. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (24):9265.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina López De Subijana; Larisa Galatti; Rubén Moreno; Jose L. Chamorro. 2020. "Analysis of the Athletic Career and Retirement Depending on the Type of Sport: A Comparison between Individual and Team Sports." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24: 9265.

Articles
Published: 15 September 2020 in Sport in Society
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This study will explore the learning context and its relationship with life skills in former elite athletes. This was a cross-sectional study where 477 former elite athletes completed an ad-hoc questionnaire. A two factors solution (individual and social life skills) from the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) explained 59.1% of the variance. Athletes that had a higher education at retirement, perceived having higher individual and social life skills. Athletes from team sports and those who trained less than 27 h/week perceived a higher degree of social life skills. Age was related to social life skills, too. Additionally, the higher the monthly salary was, the greater the athletes perceived their individual and social life skills. Sport stakeholders should not only provide athletes specific courses on life skills, but they should also guide them on how to apply those life skills in other spheres of their life after sport.

ACS Style

Cristina López De Subijana; Javier Ramos; Carlton Keith Harrison; Corrado Lupo. Life skills from sport: the former elite athlete’s perception. Sport in Society 2020, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Cristina López De Subijana, Javier Ramos, Carlton Keith Harrison, Corrado Lupo. Life skills from sport: the former elite athlete’s perception. Sport in Society. 2020; ():1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina López De Subijana; Javier Ramos; Carlton Keith Harrison; Corrado Lupo. 2020. "Life skills from sport: the former elite athlete’s perception." Sport in Society , no. : 1-14.

Journal article
Published: 29 July 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The aims of the study were: (i) to describe the work integration after retirement in elite athletes, (ii) to compare the working integration of women and men, and Olympic and non-Olympic athletes, and (iii) to specify the factors that affect their employment status and current monthly income. A total of 476 former elite athletes were surveyed. Non-parametric statistics were applied to compare the differences between groups and a classification tree analysis was performed for the dependent variables. The former elite athlete’s unemployment rate was better than the general population. At the gender comparison, a wage gap appeared between women and men. At the comparison between Olympic and non-Olympic athletes, the link to first employment differed in both groups. In the prediction models, finishing higher education arose as a key factor of the working status and the monthly salary. Among those without higher education studies, planning arose as a factor determining their salary, while among those with high qualifications, gender was the key factor. This study supports the importance of a holistic view of athletic career development and it offers practical insights into the process of reaching first employment after retirement.

ACS Style

Cristina López De Subijana; Javier Ramos; Carlos Garcia; Jose Chamorro. The Employability Process of Spanish Retired Elite Athletes: Gender and Sport Success Comparison. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 5460 .

AMA Style

Cristina López De Subijana, Javier Ramos, Carlos Garcia, Jose Chamorro. The Employability Process of Spanish Retired Elite Athletes: Gender and Sport Success Comparison. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (15):5460.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina López De Subijana; Javier Ramos; Carlos Garcia; Jose Chamorro. 2020. "The Employability Process of Spanish Retired Elite Athletes: Gender and Sport Success Comparison." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15: 5460.

Original article
Published: 21 March 2020 in Sport Sciences for Health
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The present study aimed to investigate the actual and wished supports to promote a successful dual career for Italian student-athletes. An ad hoc questionnaire (nine items) was administered to 711 academic Italian student-athletes (age = 23 ± 4 years). A binomial regression for categorical outcomes was applied to discriminate subcategories for each item. According to the items which could be considered as more related to the actual and wished supports to promote a successful dual career, student-athletes mostly answered that tutoring (≤ 24 years old, 95%, OR 3.55; team, 95%, OR 2.27; elite, 97%, OR 3.33; not sport science path, 93–96%, OR range 3.45–7.69), e-learning (last year, 95%, OR 1.97), and extra-academic merits (team, 71%, OR 1.47; elite, 77%, OR 2.13) resulted as not satisfactorily supported by university, but highly wished by student-athletes. Also the flexibility in lesson frequency and exam sustainability resulted as strongly considered, but perceived as limited (≤ 24 years old, 84%, OR 2.43; Medical and Humanistic, 87%, with respect to Sport Science path, OR 9.01). In addition, in terms of identity, female (68%, OR 2.22), > 24 years old (68%, OR 2.22), sub-elite (68%, OR 2.22), not sport science (57–65%, OR 2.48–2.03), and last year of attendance (62%, OR 3.45) participants showed to be more student-oriented, whereas elite (60%), sport science path (61%), and out of course (56%) student-athletes perceived themselves as mainly athletic-oriented. Italian student-athletes could be better supported by University in complying sport and academic requirements, especially by means of an improvement in tutoring, e-learning and a more flexible schedule, in line with the European Commission guidelines.

ACS Style

Paolo Riccardo Brustio; Alberto Rainoldi; Cristina Onesta Mosso; Cristina López de Subijana; Corrado Lupo. Actual and wished supports to promote a successful dual career according to Italian student-athletes’ point of view. Sport Sciences for Health 2020, 16, 625 -634.

AMA Style

Paolo Riccardo Brustio, Alberto Rainoldi, Cristina Onesta Mosso, Cristina López de Subijana, Corrado Lupo. Actual and wished supports to promote a successful dual career according to Italian student-athletes’ point of view. Sport Sciences for Health. 2020; 16 (4):625-634.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paolo Riccardo Brustio; Alberto Rainoldi; Cristina Onesta Mosso; Cristina López de Subijana; Corrado Lupo. 2020. "Actual and wished supports to promote a successful dual career according to Italian student-athletes’ point of view." Sport Sciences for Health 16, no. 4: 625-634.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2019 in Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology
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ACS Style

Maribel Barriopedro; Cristina López de Subijana; Carlos Muniesa; Javier Ramos; Flavia Guidotti; Corrado Lupo. Retirement difficulties in Spanish athletes: The importance of the career path. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology 2019, 8, 387 -400.

AMA Style

Maribel Barriopedro, Cristina López de Subijana, Carlos Muniesa, Javier Ramos, Flavia Guidotti, Corrado Lupo. Retirement difficulties in Spanish athletes: The importance of the career path. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology. 2019; 8 (4):387-400.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maribel Barriopedro; Cristina López de Subijana; Carlos Muniesa; Javier Ramos; Flavia Guidotti; Corrado Lupo. 2019. "Retirement difficulties in Spanish athletes: The importance of the career path." Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology 8, no. 4: 387-400.

Original article
Published: 10 October 2019 in Sport Sciences for Health
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The present study aimed to investigate dual-career issues of Italian student-athletes according to gender, age, type of sport, competition level, university path, and year of attendance variables to highlight their main problems and solutions. An ad hoc 24-item questionnaire was administered to 711 academic Italian student-athletes (Mean age = 23; SD = 4 years). A multivariate analysis was applied for data related to the first 21 (section A), whereas answers from the last 3 items (section B) were only described. For section A items, two factors (factor 2: items 5, 7, 8, 14; Cronbach alpha = 0.728; factor 5: items 10, 11; Cronbach alpha = 0.78) related to sport participation and education for future job emerged. For both factors, effects emerged between “year of attendance” subcategories (i.e., lower values for “out of course” subgroup), whereas only for factor 5, differences emerged in terms of age (i.e., higher values for younger than older subgroup). For section B, most student-athletes declared to wish schedules of lessons and exams (e.g., higher number of sessions; oral online interrogations) for better combining sport and academic requirements. The present study represents a further step to better understand the Italian student-athletes’ daily and weekly limitations and wished solutions related to the combination of sport and academic tasks. Institutional bodies should consider the present findings in case of future policies in supporting dual career.

ACS Style

Paolo Riccardo Brustio; Alberto Rainoldi; Cristina Onesta Mosso; Cristina López de Subijana; Corrado Lupo. Italian student-athletes only need a more effective daily schedule to support their dual career. Sport Sciences for Health 2019, 16, 177 -182.

AMA Style

Paolo Riccardo Brustio, Alberto Rainoldi, Cristina Onesta Mosso, Cristina López de Subijana, Corrado Lupo. Italian student-athletes only need a more effective daily schedule to support their dual career. Sport Sciences for Health. 2019; 16 (1):177-182.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paolo Riccardo Brustio; Alberto Rainoldi; Cristina Onesta Mosso; Cristina López de Subijana; Corrado Lupo. 2019. "Italian student-athletes only need a more effective daily schedule to support their dual career." Sport Sciences for Health 16, no. 1: 177-182.

Research article
Published: 17 December 2018 in PLOS ONE
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The aims of this study were: i) to examine if Dual Career (DC) pathways are independent of gender, ii) to evaluate whether those athletes who followed a DC experienced less difficulty in their integration into the labor force than the athletes devoted entirely to sport regardless of gender, as well as iii) to analyze whether the type of career path chosen was related with the current labor status, and if differences exist between men and women athletes. A quantitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive study was used based on an ad hoc questionnaire. Two-hundred and twenty-eight retired Olympic athletes completed a questionnaire. The response rate was 28.3%. Athletes who followed a DC with studies had a higher educational level at retirement than those devoted solely to sport and those who followed a DC with work, (χ2(6) = 38.76; P < .001), but no differences were found between men and women (χ2(3) = 3.23; P = .358). Athletes who followed a DC path (with studies or with work) perceived the transition out of sport more positively than those who focused solely on sport (χ2(2) = 7.79; P = .020). Regarding the type of job, more women attained a part-time job (20.9%) than men (3.1%; χ2(5) = 21.83; P = .001). The athletes who followed a DC with studies achieved higher monthly incomes than the other two groups (χ2(2) = 9.08; P = .011). Men athletes achieved higher incomes than women (Z = 5.45; P < .001), but the gender wage gap was apparent for those Olympian athletes considered as the qualified group, probably due to a higher presence of part-time women workers. The findings of this study suggest that future professional opportunities and the transition to the labor market could be made easier by following a DC during the mastery stage. Regardless of career path, women experienced more difficulties in their integration into the job market and there is a wage penalty for highly-qualified women.

ACS Style

Maribel Barriopedro; Cristina López De Subijana; Carlos Muniesa. Insights into life after sport for Spanish Olympians: Gender and career path perspectives. PLOS ONE 2018, 13, e0209433 .

AMA Style

Maribel Barriopedro, Cristina López De Subijana, Carlos Muniesa. Insights into life after sport for Spanish Olympians: Gender and career path perspectives. PLOS ONE. 2018; 13 (12):e0209433.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maribel Barriopedro; Cristina López De Subijana; Carlos Muniesa. 2018. "Insights into life after sport for Spanish Olympians: Gender and career path perspectives." PLOS ONE 13, no. 12: e0209433.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2018 in Journal of Human Kinetics
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The aims of this study were: i) to analyze whether relative age effect occurs in the athletes of the junior national teams and professional athletes in Spain in general and in soccer and basketball, and ii) to compare the long-term success of the players selected for the junior national team between these sports. The samples for this study were Spanish professional soccer (n = 461) and basketball (n = 250) players in the 2013-2014 premier league and players from the junior Spanish soccer (i.e., n = 273; U-17: n = 107; U-19: n = 166) and basketball (i.e., n = 240; U-18: n = 120, U-16: n = 120) teams that classified to play in the European Championships (from 2004 to 2013). Junior players (42.3%) were more frequently born in the 1st quarter of the year than the professional players (30.7%) (χ2(3) = 30.07; p = .001; Vc = .157). This was found in both basketball (χ2(3) = 12.2.; p = .007; Vc = .158) and soccer (χ2(3) = 20.13; p < .001; Vc = .166). Long-term success is more frequent in soccer, where 59.9% of the juniors selected for the national team played later in the premier league, while in basketball that percentage was 39.6% (χ2(1) = 14.64; p < .001; Vc = .201). On the other hand, 79.4% and 39.8% of the professional soccer and basketball players had been previously selected for junior national teams (χ2(1) = 60.2; p < .001; Vc = .386), respectively. The talent selection process should be reviewed as players born in the second half of the year have fewer opportunities to stand out.

ACS Style

Cristina López de Subijana; Jorge Lorenzo. Relative Age Effect and Long-Term Success in the Spanish Soccer and Basketball National Teams. Journal of Human Kinetics 2018, 65, 197 -204.

AMA Style

Cristina López de Subijana, Jorge Lorenzo. Relative Age Effect and Long-Term Success in the Spanish Soccer and Basketball National Teams. Journal of Human Kinetics. 2018; 65 (1):197-204.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina López de Subijana; Jorge Lorenzo. 2018. "Relative Age Effect and Long-Term Success in the Spanish Soccer and Basketball National Teams." Journal of Human Kinetics 65, no. 1: 197-204.

Journal article
Published: 30 December 2016 in Apunts Educación Física y Deportes
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ACS Style

María Gómez-Jiménez; Cristina López de Subijana. Influència de l’alçada en el patró de la marxa d’homes i dones. Apunts Educación Física y Deportes 2016, 30 -36.

AMA Style

María Gómez-Jiménez, Cristina López de Subijana. Influència de l’alçada en el patró de la marxa d’homes i dones. Apunts Educación Física y Deportes. 2016; (126):30-36.

Chicago/Turabian Style

María Gómez-Jiménez; Cristina López de Subijana. 2016. "Influència de l’alçada en el patró de la marxa d’homes i dones." Apunts Educación Física y Deportes , no. 126: 30-36.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2015 in Psychology of Sport and Exercise
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The aim of this study was to analyze whether a Career Assistance Program (PROAD) facilitates the dual career. A cross-sectional, prospective and quantitative design was used. A questionnaire was sent to all of Spain's elite athletes from Olympic sports. Of the 2378 elite athletes, 575 (332 men and 243 women) completed the 29-item questionnaire. The overall response rate was 24.2%. Most of the athletes perceived the dual career as difficult. Their most significant barriers are related to time management. The PROAD athletes and the non-PROAD athletes encountered the same barriers to studying. In general, the PROAD program seemed to have a positive effect on the academic level an athlete achieves. The athletes enrolled in the PROAD were more informed than the non-enrolled athletes. PROAD athletes were more proactive in demanding help and they had a closer relationship with the Spanish Sport Council than the non-PROAD athletes. Student-athletes have several problems with the normalized educational system. Sport psychologists should reinforce the athlete's strengths, and they should seek the opportunities the sport context provides to athletes. The barriers could be minimized by adopting certain strategies. The PROAD program seems to be useful in terms of providing information, in ensuring elite athletes work or study before the end of their sports career, in making them responsible and autonomous, and in being more active.

ACS Style

Cristina López de Subijana; Maribel Barriopedro; Elena Conde. Supporting dual career in Spain: Elite athletes' barriers to study. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 2015, 21, 57 -64.

AMA Style

Cristina López de Subijana, Maribel Barriopedro, Elena Conde. Supporting dual career in Spain: Elite athletes' barriers to study. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2015; 21 ():57-64.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina López de Subijana; Maribel Barriopedro; Elena Conde. 2015. "Supporting dual career in Spain: Elite athletes' barriers to study." Psychology of Sport and Exercise 21, no. : 57-64.

Journal article
Published: 20 October 2015 in Revista Complutense de Educación
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El objetivo del estudio fue analizar si la percepción del trabajo grupal se modificaba en función de la introducción o no de la coevaluación. Participaron 144 alumnos de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte. Para analizar la percepción de los alumnos del trabajo cooperativo se utilizó el cuestionario adaptado por Bourne et al. (2001). Los resultados mostraron que los grupos en los se introdujo la coevaluación valoraron de forma más negativa la experiencia (menos agradable, inspiradora, positiva y creativa) que los grupos en los que no se introdujo la coevaluación. Sin embargo, los grupos con coevaluación percibieron que su competencia para trabajar en equipo había mejorado en mayor medida que los grupos sin coevaluación, valorando de forma más positiva tanto el funcionamiento como el resultado del trabajo e incrementaron en mayor medida sus conocimientos sobre el resto de los componentes. El uso de un sistema de coevaluación como el propuesto parece generar una mejor valoración tanto del funcionamiento del equipo como del resultado de su trabajo.

ACS Style

Maribel Barriopedro Moro; Cristina López de Subijana; Miguel Ángel Gómez Ruano; Antonio Rivero Herraiz. La coevaluación como estrategia para mejorar la dinámica del trabajo en grupo: una experiencia en Ciencias del Deporte. Revista Complutense de Educación 2015, 27, 571 -584.

AMA Style

Maribel Barriopedro Moro, Cristina López de Subijana, Miguel Ángel Gómez Ruano, Antonio Rivero Herraiz. La coevaluación como estrategia para mejorar la dinámica del trabajo en grupo: una experiencia en Ciencias del Deporte. Revista Complutense de Educación. 2015; 27 (2):571-584.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maribel Barriopedro Moro; Cristina López de Subijana; Miguel Ángel Gómez Ruano; Antonio Rivero Herraiz. 2015. "La coevaluación como estrategia para mejorar la dinámica del trabajo en grupo: una experiencia en Ciencias del Deporte." Revista Complutense de Educación 27, no. 2: 571-584.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2015 in Gait & Posture
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ACS Style

M. Gomez; Cristina López de Subijana; E. Navarro. Influence of body weight support on wearable devices reproducing normal gait. Gait & Posture 2015, 42, S87 .

AMA Style

M. Gomez, Cristina López de Subijana, E. Navarro. Influence of body weight support on wearable devices reproducing normal gait. Gait & Posture. 2015; 42 ():S87.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Gomez; Cristina López de Subijana; E. Navarro. 2015. "Influence of body weight support on wearable devices reproducing normal gait." Gait & Posture 42, no. : S87.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2015 in Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte
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ACS Style

Cristina López De Subijana Hernández; Maribel Barriopedro Moro; Elena Conde Pascual; Javier Sánchez Sánchez; Esther Ubago Guisado; Leonor Gallardo Guerrero. Análisis de las barreras percibidas por los deportistas de élite españoles para acceder a los estudios. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte 2015, 15, 265 -274.

AMA Style

Cristina López De Subijana Hernández, Maribel Barriopedro Moro, Elena Conde Pascual, Javier Sánchez Sánchez, Esther Ubago Guisado, Leonor Gallardo Guerrero. Análisis de las barreras percibidas por los deportistas de élite españoles para acceder a los estudios. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte. 2015; 15 (1):265-274.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina López De Subijana Hernández; Maribel Barriopedro Moro; Elena Conde Pascual; Javier Sánchez Sánchez; Esther Ubago Guisado; Leonor Gallardo Guerrero. 2015. "Análisis de las barreras percibidas por los deportistas de élite españoles para acceder a los estudios." Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte 15, no. 1: 265-274.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2014 in Apunts. Medicina de l'Esport
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El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el efecto del ejercicio realizado sobre una plataforma de disipación de aire comparado con el mismo ejercicio en suelo en un grupo de mujeres sanas. En un estudio cuasi-experimental 14 mujeres sanas de entre 20 y 25 años realizaron un mismo ejercicio en 2 condiciones diferentes separados entre sí por una semana; uno fue sobre una plataforma de disipación de aire y otro sobre el suelo. Durante las 2 pruebas se recolectaron los datos del intercambio respiratorio por un analizador de gases de circuito abierto. La frecuencia cardíaca (FC) fue registrada mediante telemetría. Muestras de sangre capilar (5 μl) fueron extraídas cada 10 min de ejercicio utilizando un analizador de lactato portátil. La percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo (RPE) fue registrada cada 10 min de ejercicio mediante la escala de Borg. Hubo diferencias significativas en las variables de FC media (plataforma: 173,1 ± 13,6 lpm; suelo: 166,7 ± 14,1 lpm; z = 1,9; p < 0,05), ventilación (VE) media (plataforma: 58 ± 8,6 l/min; suelo: 54,4 ± 12,4 l/min; z = 1,7; p < 0,05), lactato en el minuto 20 (plataforma: 6,9 ± 2,4 mmol/l; suelo: 4,4 ± 1,9 mmol/l; z = 2,9; p < 0,01), en el minuto 30 (plataforma 7,1 ± 2,6 mmol/l; suelo: 5,0 ± 2,3 mmol/l; z = 2,4; p < 0,01) y en el minuto 40 (plataforma: 5,0 ± 1,9 mmol/l; suelo: 3,6 ± 1,6 mmol/l; z = 1,9; p < 0,05), sin encontrar diferencias significativas en el RPE durante toda la prueba. La intensidad del ejercicio realizado sobre la plataforma de disipación de aire ante una misma sesión de ejercicio es mayor que la realizada sobre el suelo, teniendo unos valores similares en la percepción de esfuerzo. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of exercise performed on an air dissipation platform compared to the same exercise on the floor in a group of healthy women. In a quasi-experimental study 14 healthy women between 20 and 25 years performed exercises under two different conditions separated by one week, one was on an air dissipation platform and another on the floor. Respiratory exchange data were collected during the two tests using an open-circuit gas analyzer. Heart rate (HR) was recorded via telemetry. Capillary blood samples (5 μl) were taken every 10 minutes during the exercises using a portable lactate analyzer. The rated perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded every 10 minutes during the exercises using the Borg scale. There were significant differences in mean HR variables (platform: 173.1 ± 13.6 bpm; floor: 166.7 ± 14.1 bpm; z = 1.9; P < .05), average ventilation (VE) (platform: 58 ± 8.6 L/min; floor: 54.4 ± 12.4 L/min; z = 1.7; P < .05), lactate in the 20th minute (platform: 6.9 ± 2.4 mmol/L; floor: 4.4 ± 1.9 mmol/L, z = 2.9; P < .01), 30th minute (platform: 7.1 ± 2.6 mmol/L; floor: 5.0 ± 2.3 mmol/L; z = 2.4; P < .01) and 40th (platform: 5.0 ± 1.9 mmol/L; floor: 3.6 ± 1,6 mmol/L; z = 1.9; P < .05), with no significant differences in RPE throughout the test. The intensity of exercise on the air dissipation platform with the same session of exercises is greater than that performed on the floor, with similar values in the perceived exertion.

ACS Style

José Luis Maté Muñoz; Alessandra Moreira Reis; Cristina López de Subijana; Bárbara Rodríguez Rogríguez; Alberto Sacristán Rubio; Pedro Ruiz Solano; Manuel Vicente Garnacho Castaño. Respuestas cardiorrespiratorias y metabólicas al ejercicio realizado sobre una plataforma de disipación de aire. Apunts. Medicina de l'Esport 2014, 49, 53 -58.

AMA Style

José Luis Maté Muñoz, Alessandra Moreira Reis, Cristina López de Subijana, Bárbara Rodríguez Rogríguez, Alberto Sacristán Rubio, Pedro Ruiz Solano, Manuel Vicente Garnacho Castaño. Respuestas cardiorrespiratorias y metabólicas al ejercicio realizado sobre una plataforma de disipación de aire. Apunts. Medicina de l'Esport. 2014; 49 (182):53-58.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Luis Maté Muñoz; Alessandra Moreira Reis; Cristina López de Subijana; Bárbara Rodríguez Rogríguez; Alberto Sacristán Rubio; Pedro Ruiz Solano; Manuel Vicente Garnacho Castaño. 2014. "Respuestas cardiorrespiratorias y metabólicas al ejercicio realizado sobre una plataforma de disipación de aire." Apunts. Medicina de l'Esport 49, no. 182: 53-58.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2013 in Gait & Posture
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ACS Style

María Gómez; Cristina López de Subijana; Enrique Navarro. The gait pattern of an elite athlete with low vision: A case study. Gait & Posture 2013, 38, S95 -S96.

AMA Style

María Gómez, Cristina López de Subijana, Enrique Navarro. The gait pattern of an elite athlete with low vision: A case study. Gait & Posture. 2013; 38 ():S95-S96.

Chicago/Turabian Style

María Gómez; Cristina López de Subijana; Enrique Navarro. 2013. "The gait pattern of an elite athlete with low vision: A case study." Gait & Posture 38, no. : S95-S96.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2013 in RICYDE. Revista internacional de ciencias del deporte
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Qing Chen; Cristina López de Subijana. The spanish professional soccer foundations. (Las fundaciones clubes de futbol profesionales en España). RICYDE. Revista internacional de ciencias del deporte 2013, 9, 79 -92.

AMA Style

Qing Chen, Cristina López de Subijana. The spanish professional soccer foundations. (Las fundaciones clubes de futbol profesionales en España). RICYDE. Revista internacional de ciencias del deporte. 2013; 9 (31):79-92.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qing Chen; Cristina López de Subijana. 2013. "The spanish professional soccer foundations. (Las fundaciones clubes de futbol profesionales en España)." RICYDE. Revista internacional de ciencias del deporte 9, no. 31: 79-92.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2012 in Journal of Human Kinetics
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The drag-flick is more efficient than hits or pushes when a penalty corner situation is in effect in field hockey. Previous research has studied the biomechanical pattern of the drag-flick, trying to find the cues for an optimal performance. On the other hand, some other studies have examined the most effective visual pick-up of relevant information in shots and goalkeeper anticipation. The aim of this study was to analyse the individual differences in the drag-flick pattern in order to provide relevant information for goalkeepers. One female skilled drag-flicker participated in the study. A VICON optoelectronic system (Oxford Metrics, Oxford, UK) was used to capture the drag-flicks with six cameras. The results showed that the main significant differences between right and left shots (p angles, stick minimum angular velocity and front foot-ball distance were when the front foot heel contacted the floor (T1) and at the minimum velocity of the stick, before the dragging action (T3). The findings showed that the most relevant information might be picked up at the ball-and-stick location before the dragging action.

ACS Style

María Gómez; Cristina López de Subijana; Raquel Antonio; Enrique Navarro. Kinematic Pattern of the Drag-Flick: a Case Study. Journal of Human Kinetics 2012, 35, 27 -33.

AMA Style

María Gómez, Cristina López de Subijana, Raquel Antonio, Enrique Navarro. Kinematic Pattern of the Drag-Flick: a Case Study. Journal of Human Kinetics. 2012; 35 (1):27-33.

Chicago/Turabian Style

María Gómez; Cristina López de Subijana; Raquel Antonio; Enrique Navarro. 2012. "Kinematic Pattern of the Drag-Flick: a Case Study." Journal of Human Kinetics 35, no. 1: 27-33.

Journal article
Published: 15 November 2012 in Biology of Sport
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The penalty corner is one of the most important goal plays in field hockey. The drag-flick is used less by women than men in a penalty corner. The aim of this study was to describe training-induced changes in the drag-flick technique in female field hockey players. Four female players participated in the study. The VICON optoelectronic system (Oxford Metrics, Oxford, UK) measured the kinematic parameters of the drag-flick with six cameras sampling at 250 Hz, prior to and after training. Fifteen shots were captured for each subject. A Wilcoxon test assessed the differences between pre-training and post-training parameters. Two players received specific training twice a week for 8 weeks; the other two players did not train. The proposed drills improved the position of the stick at the beginning of the shot (p < 0.05), the total distance of the shot (p < 0.05) and the rotation radius at ball release (p < 0.01). It was noted that all players had lost speed of the previous run. Further studies should include a larger sample, in order to provide more information on field hockey performance.

ACS Style

Cristina López de Subijana; M. Gómez; Laura Martin-Casado; E. Navarro. TRAINING-INDUCED CHANGES IN DRAG-FLICK TECHNIQUE IN FEMALE FIELD HOCKEY PLAYERS. Biology of Sport 2012, 29, 263 -268.

AMA Style

Cristina López de Subijana, M. Gómez, Laura Martin-Casado, E. Navarro. TRAINING-INDUCED CHANGES IN DRAG-FLICK TECHNIQUE IN FEMALE FIELD HOCKEY PLAYERS. Biology of Sport. 2012; 29 (4):263-268.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina López de Subijana; M. Gómez; Laura Martin-Casado; E. Navarro. 2012. "TRAINING-INDUCED CHANGES IN DRAG-FLICK TECHNIQUE IN FEMALE FIELD HOCKEY PLAYERS." Biology of Sport 29, no. 4: 263-268.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2011 in Journal of Sports Science & Medicine
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The penalty corner is one of the most important game situations in field hockey with one third of all goals resulting from this tactical situation. The aim of this study was to develop and apply a training method, based on previous studies, to improve the drag- flick skill on a young top-class field hockey player. A young top-class player exercised three times per week using specific drills over a four week period. A VICON optoelectronic system (Oxford Metrics, Oxford, UK) was employed to capture twenty drag-flicks, with six cameras sampling at 250 Hz, prior and after the training period. In order to analyze pre- and post-test differences a dependent t-test was carried out. Angular velocities and the kinematic sequence were similar to previous studies. The player improved (albeit not significantly) the angular velocity of the stick. The player increased front foot to the ball at T1 (p < 0.01) and the drag-flick distances. The range of motion from the front leg decreased from T1 to T6 after the training period (p < 0.01). The specific training sessions conducted with the player improved some features of this particular skill. This article shows how technical knowledge can help with the design of training programs and whether some drills are more effective than others.

ACS Style

Cristina López de Subijana; Daniel Juárez; Javier Mallo; Enrique Navarro. The Application of Biomechanics to Penalty Corner Drag-Flick Training: a Case Study. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine 2011, 10, 590 -595.

AMA Style

Cristina López de Subijana, Daniel Juárez, Javier Mallo, Enrique Navarro. The Application of Biomechanics to Penalty Corner Drag-Flick Training: a Case Study. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine. 2011; 10 (3):590-595.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina López de Subijana; Daniel Juárez; Javier Mallo; Enrique Navarro. 2011. "The Application of Biomechanics to Penalty Corner Drag-Flick Training: a Case Study." Journal of Sports Science & Medicine 10, no. 3: 590-595.