This cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the immune system status and hematological disturbances among individuals who abuse amphetamines and cannabis. Substance abuse, particularly of amphetamines and cannabis, has been associated with various adverse effects on the body, including potential impacts on the immune system and hematological parameters. However, limited research has been conducted to comprehensively assess these effects in a cross-sectional design. Additionally, fungal infections are on the rise internationally, and immune-compromised people are particularly susceptible. The study will recruit a sample of amphetamine and cannabis abusers (n = 50) at the Eradah Hospital in the Qassim Region of Buraydah and assess their sociodemographic and biochemical variables, including blood indices and differential WBC indices, liver, and kidney profiles. Additionally, 50 sputum samples in total were cultured for testing for fungus infections. To obtain the descriptive statistics, the data was imported into Microsoft Excel and subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS 22.0. Amphetamine and cannabis abuser's sociodemographic variables analysis observed that the majority (52%) were aged 18–30, with 56% in secondary school. Unemployment was a significant issue, and most had no other health issues. The majority (50%) had 5–10 years of abuse, while 32% had less than 5 years, and only 18% had been drug abusers for more than 10 years. There were significant changes (p < 0.001) in all different leukocyte blood cells, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Furthermore, a microscopic examination of blood films from individuals who misuse the combination of the medications "amphetamine and cannabis" reveals hazardous alterations in Neutrophils. Out of 50, 35 sputum samples showed positive growth on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol antibiotic, indicating a unicellular fungal growth. The present study explores the immune system and hematological disturbances linked to amphetamine and cannabis abuse, providing insights into health risks and targeted interventions. The findings complement previous research on drug users' hematological abnormalities, particularly in white blood cells. Routine hematological tests help identify alterations in homeostatic conditions, improving patient knowledge and preventing major issues. Further research is needed on multi-drug abuse prevention, early detection, and intervention. The cross-sectional design allows for a snapshot of the immune system and hematological status among abusers, laying the groundwork for future longitudinal studies. Key Words: Drug Effect, Immunity, Epidemiology, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation.

Background: Electronic device screens can harbor harmful microbes, potentially facilitating the transmission of diseases when users interact with these surfaces. This study aimed to investigate the presence of gram‐positive bacterial contamination and identify potentially harmful bacteria in these screens. A total of 200 samples were collected from the screens of devices of healthcare and nonhealthcare workers. Cotton swabs collected samples from device screens, including cellphones and iPads/PCs. These samples were cultured and tested to identify bacterial organisms and then assessed for antibiotic resistance using the disc diffusion method. Statistical analysis was performed using the t ‐test and ANOVA to compare the data obtained from the two groups. Results: This study found 12 types of bacteria on device screens used by healthcare and nonhealthcare workers, irrespective of sex. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most frequently detected bacterium in both groups. However, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus anaerobes were present in males but absent in females. Devices belonging to male participants exhibited statistically higher levels of bacterial contamination compared to those of the female participants ( p < 0.05). Cell phones showed greater bacterial contamination than iPads/PCs. While six bacterial isolates exhibited resistance to antibiotics, Staphylococcus sciuri , S. aureus , Staphylococcus hominis subspecies hominis , and S. epidermidis showed multidrug resistance (MDR). Conclusion: This research found that all the tested mobile phones harbored microorganisms, indicating they could transmit diseases. This emphasizes the critical need for hand hygiene following use to curtail the propagation of infection and bolster overall public health outcomes.

Treatment-resistant peripartum depression (TRPD) is a significant public health concern due to the dual imperative of maternal symptom relief and fetal/neonatal safety with complex therapeutic challenges, particularly among expecting mothers worldwide. This comprehensive review focused on current pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for treatment-resistant depression (TRD)/peripartum depression (PPD), highlighting their mechanisms, efficacy, safety profiles, and practical considerations. The search strategy is based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis), using a systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE for English-language articles published between 2000 and 2024, with a combination of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and free-text terms for TRD/TRPD. After screening, the initial search yielded 142 articles; only 67 articles were qualified for eligibility and quality assessment. According to related research, pharmacological treatments such as SSRIs or brexanolone and zuranolone can be effective in addressing TRPD challenges, but they carry concerns regarding fetal and neonatal risk. In contrast, non-pharmacological interventions—such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), and exercise—offer safe, evidence-based alternatives that are becoming increasingly accessible. Our findings imply that innovative therapeutics and integration of these interventions personalized to individual needs are the optimal clinical approach that may help in balancing maternal symptom control and perinatal safety. Also, expanded mental health infrastructure with enhanced research is essential for advancing TRPD care.

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide, and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common histological subtype. However, the prognostic and predictive outcomes differ because of the heterogeneity of programmed cell death. The purpose of this work is to investigate and develop a cuproptosis-associated lncRNA-based LUAD prediction marker. We firstly performed bioinformatic analysis of the Cuprotosis database and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to obtain 19 cuprotosis-related gene datasets and transcriptional data for LUAD. Univariate, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and multivariate Cox regression analysis were utilized to construct cuproptosis-associated lncRNA modes. LUAD patients were thus classified into high-risk and low-risk categories based on prognostic risk values, with a median of It acted as a boundary. Risk models were evaluated and validated using Kaplan-Meier analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and nomograms. Utilizing the TCGA-LUAD dataset, we identified seven predicted cuproptosis-associated lncRNAs in tumor microenvironment to create the risk model. 95.54% (214/224) of high-risk category tumor samples included cuproptosis-associated gene alterations, compared to 85.65% (203/237) of low-risk category tumor samples, with TP53 accounting for the bulk of occurrences. According to these findings, risk value was superior to other clinical variables and tumor mutation burden as a predictor of 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS). The predictive validity of the cuproptosis-associated lncRNA-based risk model for LUAD is high, and this may have implications for how lung cancer patients are treated individually.

Background and Objectives: Infant feeding practices play a crucial role in shaping the oral microbiome, modulating inflammatory responses, and maintaining epithelial health during the first year of life. Breastfeeding promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria and supports a diverse, stable microbial community. In contrast, formula feeding is associated with increased colonization by potentially pathogenic bacteria, such as Staphylococcus and Escherichia coli, which may elevate the risk of infections, oral diseases, and inflammation. This study investigates the effects of breastfeeding versus formula feeding on oral bacterial growth, epithelial cell integrity, and interleukin-17 (IL-17) expression in infants aged 1–12 months. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 infants (30 breastfed and 30 formula-fed) were recruited from pediatric clinics in the Qassim region. Microbial cultures quantified bacterial colony-forming units (CFUs), and epithelial cell morphology was assessed through the microscopic analysis of mucosal scrapings. IL-17 concentrations were quantified from the oral mucosa through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analyses, including t-tests and chi-square tests, compared bacterial loads, IL-17 levels, and indicators of epithelial health between groups. Adjustment for potential confounders was achieved through multivariate statistical analysis. Results: Formula-fed infants showed significantly higher IL-17 levels than breastfed infants (p < 0.001), indicating a stronger pro-inflammatory profile. Breastfed infants exhibited lower inflammation, improved epithelial health, and reduced cellular debris compared to formula-fed infants, who had higher bacterial loads. A significant correlation was found between epithelial health and bacterial clustering, with clearer epithelial cells associated with lower bacterial colonization. Conclusions: Formula feeding was associated with increased salivary IL-17 levels, greater bacterial colonization, and compromised epithelial integrity, indicating a heightened pro-inflammatory state and potential vulnerability to mucosal irritation or infection. Breastfeeding appeared to confer protective effects by promoting healthier microbial balance, epithelial integrity, and reducing inflammatory responses. These findings underscore the immunological and microbial benefits of breastfeeding in supporting oral health during infancy.

Objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex and multifactorial disorder characterized by a constellation of metabolic abnormalities, including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and central obesity, which collectively increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Considering the growing interest in plant-derived bioactive compounds as alternative therapeutic agents, this study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Suaeda aegyptiaca extract (SAE) and Salsola imbricata extract (SIE), two species from the Amaranthaceae family, compared with the standard antidiabetic drug canagliflozin (CANA), in a rat model of fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 male Wistar rats were allocated into five groups: a normal control, a fructose control, and three treatment groups receiving CANA (30 mg/kg/day), SAE (200 mg/kg/day), or SIE (500 mg/kg/day). To evaluate the preventive potential of the extracts, all treatments were administered daily in parallel with the fructose solution throughout the six-week study period. Physiological, biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical markers of hepatic tissue were evaluated to determine treatment efficacy. Results: SAE and SIE exhibited significant prophylactic effects against the development of fructose-induced metabolic syndrome when administered concurrently with fructose. Both extracts effectively attenuated weight gain, hyperglycemia, and hypertension, improved lipid profiles, and reduced elevated liver enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Both treatments significantly reduced elevated myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels and enhanced glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity, without significantly altering neutrophil activation protein 3 (NAP3), superoxide dismutase (SOD), or catalase (CAT) levels. Histopathological examination demonstrated restoration of near-normal hepatic architecture in the treated groups. These structural improvements were corroborated by immunohistochemical analysis, which revealed that both extracts markedly suppressed the pronounced hepatic expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Conclusions: SAE and SIE demonstrated significant protective effects against fructose-induced metabolic disturbances, likely mediated through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. Their diverse phytochemical profiles may underlie these multifaceted actions, supporting their potential as complementary prophylactic agents for managing metabolic syndrome.