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Dr. Mauro Mori
Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy

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0 Plant Nutrition
0 Sustainable Agriculture
0 abiotic stress
0 Biostimulants
0 food crops

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Journal article
Published: 13 August 2021 in Agronomy
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Promising strategies that could aid a shift from N-intensive agriculture to an eco-friendlier approach include the integrated use of plant-based biostimulants. To date, results about the accumulation of nitrate in green leafy vegetables due to biostimulant application are conflicting. Therefore, the current study aimed at assessing the effect of a new plant-based biostimulant, containing triacontanol (TRIA), that is claimed to reduce nitrate accumulation in leaves, based on the yield and leaf quality of lettuce grown in a plastic tunnel under different N conditions. The experimental design was a factorial combination of three nitrogen fertilization levels (N0, N30, and N60, corresponding to 0, 30, and 60 kg N ha−1) and two biostimulant applications (treated with ‘ILSASTIM+’ = YB and untreated control = NB). Nitrogen fertilization resulted in a 40% yield increase over N0. Biostimulant application increased the yield 21% over NB, and both improved all growth parameters. In addition, the biostimulant had a positive effect on color and Soil Plant Analysis development (SPAD) index, thus enhancing the qualitative aspect. Interestingly, biostimulant application boosted nitrogen use efficiency with a 23% increase over untreated plants. The use of biostimulant proved to be suitable to be applied in a sustainable strategy of production and quality improvement.

ACS Style

Lucia Ottaiano; Ida Di Mola; Eugenio Cozzolino; Christophe El-Nakhel; Youssef Rouphael; Mauro Mori. Biostimulant Application under Different Nitrogen Fertilization Levels: Assessment of Yield, Leaf Quality, and Nitrogen Metabolism of Tunnel-Grown Lettuce. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1613 .

AMA Style

Lucia Ottaiano, Ida Di Mola, Eugenio Cozzolino, Christophe El-Nakhel, Youssef Rouphael, Mauro Mori. Biostimulant Application under Different Nitrogen Fertilization Levels: Assessment of Yield, Leaf Quality, and Nitrogen Metabolism of Tunnel-Grown Lettuce. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (8):1613.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lucia Ottaiano; Ida Di Mola; Eugenio Cozzolino; Christophe El-Nakhel; Youssef Rouphael; Mauro Mori. 2021. "Biostimulant Application under Different Nitrogen Fertilization Levels: Assessment of Yield, Leaf Quality, and Nitrogen Metabolism of Tunnel-Grown Lettuce." Agronomy 11, no. 8: 1613.

Journal article
Published: 18 July 2021 in Horticulturae
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Light and nitrogen strongly affect the growth, yield, and quality of food crops, with greater importance in green leafy vegetables for their tendency to accumulate nitrate in leaves. The purpose of this research was to explore the effect of two greenhouse films (Film A and B) on yield, and quality of spinach grown under different nitrogen regimes (not fertilized—N0%; sub-optimal N dose—N50%; optimal N dose—N100%). Film A and Film B were used as clear and diffused light films, with 75% and 87% thermicity, and 85% and 90% total transmittivity, respectively, where only Film B had a UV-B window. Film B elicited an increase in yield (22%) and soil–plant analysis development (SPAD) index (4.6%) compared to the clear film, but did not affect chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll content. In addition, the diffuse film significantly decreased ascorbic acid in the crop but had no effect on lipophilic antioxidant activity and phenols content, but decreased ascorbic acid content. Finally, nitrate content was strongly increased both by nitrogen dose (about 50-fold more than N0%) and greenhouse films (about six-fold higher under diffuse light film), but within the legal limit fixed by European Commission. Therefore, irrespective of N levels, the use of diffuse-light film in winter boosts spinach yield without depressing quality.

ACS Style

Ida Mola; Lucia Ottaiano; Eugenio Cozzolino; Leo Sabatino; Maria Sifola; Pasquale Mormile; Christophe El-Nakhel; Youssef Rouphael; Mauro Mori. Optical Characteristics of Greenhouse Plastic Films Affect Yield and Some Quality Traits of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Subjected to Different Nitrogen Doses. Horticulturae 2021, 7, 200 .

AMA Style

Ida Mola, Lucia Ottaiano, Eugenio Cozzolino, Leo Sabatino, Maria Sifola, Pasquale Mormile, Christophe El-Nakhel, Youssef Rouphael, Mauro Mori. Optical Characteristics of Greenhouse Plastic Films Affect Yield and Some Quality Traits of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Subjected to Different Nitrogen Doses. Horticulturae. 2021; 7 (7):200.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ida Mola; Lucia Ottaiano; Eugenio Cozzolino; Leo Sabatino; Maria Sifola; Pasquale Mormile; Christophe El-Nakhel; Youssef Rouphael; Mauro Mori. 2021. "Optical Characteristics of Greenhouse Plastic Films Affect Yield and Some Quality Traits of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Subjected to Different Nitrogen Doses." Horticulturae 7, no. 7: 200.

Journal article
Published: 22 May 2021 in Agronomy
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A mild salinity stress (eustress) may modulate the induction of the plant defense system in horticultural crops and the synthesis of phytochemical components able to enhance plant resilience, post-harvest performance, and the nutraceutical quality of produce. However, the choice of the correct eustress type and dose to induce the synthesis of these protective phytochemicals is pivotal to avoid potential interference with plant growth and productivity. In order to study how green and red lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants equilibrate the nutritional and nutraceutical components of quality with yield components, we applied iso-osmotic concentrations of three different salts (20 mM NaCl, 20 mM KCl, and 13.3 mM CaCl2, with a final total ionic concentration of 40 mM) in combination with two successive harvests in a floating raft system. The biometric parameters, mineral composition, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity of both cultivars were analyzed. The green cultivar had a superior response concerning biometric traits and productivity compared to the red one during the first cut but lower phytochemical content (e.g., ascorbic acid). The effect of cut order, independently of cultivar and salinity treatments, demonstrated that at the first harvest plants could redirect metabolism by increasing the lipophilic antioxidant content (LAA) at the expense of plant yield, therefore increasing plant resilience and post-harvest nutraceutical quality; whereas, at the second harvest, plants reverted principally to tissue expansion. The treatments with iso-osmotic salt concentrations did not affect K and Mg ion contents but further increased LAA and resulted only in a moderate decrease of fresh yield. The lettuce nitrate content was reduced during the second cut only when lettuce plants were treated with NaCl and especially CaCl2.

ACS Style

Petronia Carillo; Georgios Soteriou; Marios Kyriacou; Maria Giordano; Giampaolo Raimondi; Francesco Napolitano; Emilio Di Stasio; Ida Mola; Mauro Mori; Youssef Rouphael. Regulated Salinity Eustress in a Floating Hydroponic Module of Sequentially Harvested Lettuce Modulates Phytochemical Constitution, Plant Resilience, and Post-Harvest Nutraceutical Quality. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1040 .

AMA Style

Petronia Carillo, Georgios Soteriou, Marios Kyriacou, Maria Giordano, Giampaolo Raimondi, Francesco Napolitano, Emilio Di Stasio, Ida Mola, Mauro Mori, Youssef Rouphael. Regulated Salinity Eustress in a Floating Hydroponic Module of Sequentially Harvested Lettuce Modulates Phytochemical Constitution, Plant Resilience, and Post-Harvest Nutraceutical Quality. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (6):1040.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Petronia Carillo; Georgios Soteriou; Marios Kyriacou; Maria Giordano; Giampaolo Raimondi; Francesco Napolitano; Emilio Di Stasio; Ida Mola; Mauro Mori; Youssef Rouphael. 2021. "Regulated Salinity Eustress in a Floating Hydroponic Module of Sequentially Harvested Lettuce Modulates Phytochemical Constitution, Plant Resilience, and Post-Harvest Nutraceutical Quality." Agronomy 11, no. 6: 1040.

Journal article
Published: 14 February 2021 in Agronomy
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Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a multipurpose plant attracting increasing interest as a source for the production of natural fibers, paper, bio-building material and food. In this research we studied the agronomical performance of Cannabis sativa cv. Eletta Campana irrigated with saline water. Under those conditions, we tested the effect of protein hydrolysate (PH) biostimulant application in overcoming and/or balancing deleterious salinity effects. The results of the diverse treatments were also investigated at the physiological level, focusing on photosynthesis by means of a chlorophyll a fluorescence technique, which give an insight into the plant primary photochemical reactions. Four salinity levels of the irrigation solution (fresh water–EC0, and NaCl solutions at EC 2.0, 4.0 or 6.0 dS m−1, EC2, EC4 and EC6, respectively) were combined with 2 biostimulant treatments (untreated (control) or treated with a commercial legume-derived protein hydrolysate (LDPH)). The increasing salinity affected plant photochemistry resulting in lower plant growth and seed production, while the LDPH biostimulant showed a protective effect, which improved crop performance both in control and in salinity conditions. The LDPH treatment improved seeds yield (+38.6% on average of all treated plants respect to untreated plants), as well as residual biomass, relevant in fiber production.

ACS Style

Ida Di Mola; Stefano Conti; Eugenio Cozzolino; Giuseppe Melchionna; Lucia Ottaiano; Antonino Testa; Leo Sabatino; Youssef Rouphael; Mauro Mori. Plant-Based Protein Hydrolysate Improves Salinity Tolerance in Hemp: Agronomical and Physiological Aspects. Agronomy 2021, 11, 342 .

AMA Style

Ida Di Mola, Stefano Conti, Eugenio Cozzolino, Giuseppe Melchionna, Lucia Ottaiano, Antonino Testa, Leo Sabatino, Youssef Rouphael, Mauro Mori. Plant-Based Protein Hydrolysate Improves Salinity Tolerance in Hemp: Agronomical and Physiological Aspects. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (2):342.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ida Di Mola; Stefano Conti; Eugenio Cozzolino; Giuseppe Melchionna; Lucia Ottaiano; Antonino Testa; Leo Sabatino; Youssef Rouphael; Mauro Mori. 2021. "Plant-Based Protein Hydrolysate Improves Salinity Tolerance in Hemp: Agronomical and Physiological Aspects." Agronomy 11, no. 2: 342.

Journal article
Published: 11 December 2020 in Agriculture
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Crop management and soil properties affect greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from cropping systems. Irrigation is one of the agronomical management practices that deeply affects soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Careful management of irrigation, also concerning to soil type, might mitigate the emissions of this powerful GHG from agricultural soils. In the Mediterranean area, despite the relevance of the agricultural sector to the overall economy and sustainable development, the topic of N2O emissions does not have the same importance as N2O fluxes in temperate agricultural areas. Only some research has discussed N2O emissions from Mediterranean cropping systems. Therefore, in this study, N2O emissions from different soil types (sandy-loam and clay soils) were analyzed in relation to the irrigation of a maize crop grown in two contrasting seasons (2009–2010). The irrigation was done using a center pivot irrigation system about twice a week. The N2O emissions were monitored throughout the two-years of maize crop growth. The emissions were measured with the accumulation technique using eight static chambers (four chambers per site). Nitrogen fertilizer was applied in the form of ammonium sulphate and urea with 3,4 dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) nitrification inhibitors. In 2009, the N2O emissions and crop biomass measured in both soil types were lower than those measured in 2010. This situation was a lower amount of water and nitrogen (N) available to the crop. In 2010, the N2O fluxes were higher in the clay site than those in the sandy-loam site after the first fertilization, whereas an opposite trend was found after the second fertilization. The soil temperature, N content, and soil humidity were the main drivers for N2O emission during 2009, whereas during 2010, only the N content and soil humidity affected the nitrous oxide emissions. The research has demonstrated that crop water management deeply affects soil N2O emissions, acting differently for denitrification and nitrification. The soil properties affect N2O emission by influencing the microclimate conditions in the root zone, conditioning the N2O production.

ACS Style

Lucia Ottaiano; Ida Di Mola; Paul Di Tommasi; Mauro Mori; Vincenzo Magliulo; Luca Vitale. Effects of Irrigation on N2O Emissions in a Maize Crop Grown on Different Soil Types in Two Contrasting Seasons. Agriculture 2020, 10, 623 .

AMA Style

Lucia Ottaiano, Ida Di Mola, Paul Di Tommasi, Mauro Mori, Vincenzo Magliulo, Luca Vitale. Effects of Irrigation on N2O Emissions in a Maize Crop Grown on Different Soil Types in Two Contrasting Seasons. Agriculture. 2020; 10 (12):623.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lucia Ottaiano; Ida Di Mola; Paul Di Tommasi; Mauro Mori; Vincenzo Magliulo; Luca Vitale. 2020. "Effects of Irrigation on N2O Emissions in a Maize Crop Grown on Different Soil Types in Two Contrasting Seasons." Agriculture 10, no. 12: 623.

Journal article
Published: 04 September 2020 in Horticulturae
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The global increasing demand of lettuce is pushing farmers to boost their production through several technical means, including mulching and nitrogen fertilization. However, from an environmental protection perspective, the role of scientific research is to limit the excessive use of some chemical approaches. This research aims to evaluate the possible effects of two mulching films (black polyethylene, PE, and brown photoselective film, BF) and two treatments with a plant growth-promoting product, containing Trichoderma spp., (non-treated, - Control and treated with RYZO PEP UP, - TR), on the productive and qualitative traits of lettuce grown under four regimes of nitrogen (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha−1, N0, N30, N60, and N90, respectively). The marketable yield increased at higher nitrogen levels, but without differences between the N60 and N90 doses. The photoselective film elicited marketable yield, with an 8% increase over PE. N fertilization also improved photochemical efficiency (higher Soil Plant Analysis Development and chlorophyllous pigments biosynthesis), as well as antioxidant activities (lipophilic—LAA and hydrophilic—HAA) and bioactive compounds (phenols and total ascorbic acid—TAA). Interestingly, Trichoderma spp. had a positive effect on these qualitative parameters, especially when combined with mulching films, where the increase generated by PE-TR treatment over the all other treatments was 16.3% and 16.8% for LAA and HHA, respectively. In all treatments, the nitrate leaves content was consistently always within the legal limit imposed by the European community. Overall, although Trichoderma spp. did not engender a marked effect on yield, probably due to the short crop cycle, its positive effect on some quality traits is an interesting starting point for further research.

ACS Style

Ida Di Mola; Lucia Ottaiano; Eugenio Cozzolino; Mauro Senatore; Adriana Sacco; Christophe El-Nakhel; Youssef Rouphael; Mauro Mori. Trichoderma spp. and Mulching Films Differentially Boost Qualitative and Quantitative Aspects of Greenhouse Lettuce under Diverse N Conditions. Horticulturae 2020, 6, 55 .

AMA Style

Ida Di Mola, Lucia Ottaiano, Eugenio Cozzolino, Mauro Senatore, Adriana Sacco, Christophe El-Nakhel, Youssef Rouphael, Mauro Mori. Trichoderma spp. and Mulching Films Differentially Boost Qualitative and Quantitative Aspects of Greenhouse Lettuce under Diverse N Conditions. Horticulturae. 2020; 6 (3):55.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ida Di Mola; Lucia Ottaiano; Eugenio Cozzolino; Mauro Senatore; Adriana Sacco; Christophe El-Nakhel; Youssef Rouphael; Mauro Mori. 2020. "Trichoderma spp. and Mulching Films Differentially Boost Qualitative and Quantitative Aspects of Greenhouse Lettuce under Diverse N Conditions." Horticulturae 6, no. 3: 55.

Journal article
Published: 20 March 2020 in Agronomy
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Scientists, extensions specialists, and growers are seeking sustainable agricultural practices that are able to cope with these objectives in order to ensure global food security and minimize environmental damage. The use of mulching films and plant biostimulants in agriculture seems to be a valid solution for tackling these rising concerns. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in order to elucidate the morpho-physiological and nutritive characteristics of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in response to foliar application of a tropical plant extract (PE) biostimulant and the use of plastic mulches. Two biodegradable mulch treatments (Mater-Bi® 1 and Mater-Bi® 2) were compared to black polyethylene (LDPE) and bare soil. Biodegradable mulch film Mater-Bi® 1 produced a comparable marketable fresh yield to the commercial standard polyethylene (LDPE), whereas Mater-Bi® 2 exhibited the highest crop productivity. When averaged over biostimulant application, lettuce plants grown with biodegradable film Mater-Bi® 2 exhibited superior quality traits in terms of K, Ca, total ascorbic acid, and carotenoids content. The combination of film mulching (LDPE, Mater-Bi® 1 or Mater-Bi® 2) with the tropical plant extract biostimulant exhibited a positive and significant synergistic effect (+30%) on yield. The PE-biostimulant induced higher values of SPAD index and total chlorophyll content when compared to untreated greenhouse lettuce. The mineral content of leaf tissues was greater by 10% and 17% (for P and Ca, respectively) when compared to the untreated lettuce (no PE application). Nitrate content was significantly reduced by 23% in greenhouse lettuce plants receiving PE as compared to the untreated control. The positive effect of Mater-Bi® 2 film on the ascorbic acid content has also been highlighted when combined with the biostimulant application, where a major amplification of total ascorbic acid (+168%) was recorded in comparison to the untreated lettuce. Overall, our work can assist leafy vegetables growers in adopting good agricultural practices, such as biodegradable plastic mulches and vegetal-derived biostimulants, to improve the sustainability of greenhouse production.

ACS Style

Eugenio Cozzolino; Maria Giordano; Nunzio Fiorentino; Christophe El-Nakhel; Antonio Pannico; Ida Di Mola; Mauro Mori; Marios C. Kyriacou; Giuseppe Colla; Youssef Rouphael. Appraisal of Biodegradable Mulching Films and Vegetal-Derived Biostimulant Application as Eco-Sustainable Practices for Enhancing Lettuce Crop Performance and Nutritive Value. Agronomy 2020, 10, 427 .

AMA Style

Eugenio Cozzolino, Maria Giordano, Nunzio Fiorentino, Christophe El-Nakhel, Antonio Pannico, Ida Di Mola, Mauro Mori, Marios C. Kyriacou, Giuseppe Colla, Youssef Rouphael. Appraisal of Biodegradable Mulching Films and Vegetal-Derived Biostimulant Application as Eco-Sustainable Practices for Enhancing Lettuce Crop Performance and Nutritive Value. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (3):427.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eugenio Cozzolino; Maria Giordano; Nunzio Fiorentino; Christophe El-Nakhel; Antonio Pannico; Ida Di Mola; Mauro Mori; Marios C. Kyriacou; Giuseppe Colla; Youssef Rouphael. 2020. "Appraisal of Biodegradable Mulching Films and Vegetal-Derived Biostimulant Application as Eco-Sustainable Practices for Enhancing Lettuce Crop Performance and Nutritive Value." Agronomy 10, no. 3: 427.

Journal article
Published: 15 February 2020 in Agronomy
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An optimized nitrogen (N) fertilization may have a positive effect on leafy vegetables by increasing growth, yield and nutrient content of plants. Nevertheless, crop performance must be coupled with an increase in Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) in order to limit external N inputs and to avoid N surpluses associated with environmental and health problems. The aim of the current study was to assess the effects of a legume-derived plant hydrolysates (LDPH; Trainer®) and N fertilization levels (0, 2.25 and 4.5 g N m−2 for spinach and 0, 2.5 and 5.0 g N m−2 for lamb’s lettuce; N0%, N50%, N100%, respectively) on agronomical, biochemical, qualitative responses and NUE of these two important greenhouse leafy vegetables. Spinach and lamb’s lettuce were sprayed four times during the growing period (at a concentration of 4 mL L−1 of LDPH). In baby spinach, the LDPH application elicited a significant increase at the three levels of N fertilization: +16.8%, +14.2%, and 39.4% at 0, 2.25 and 4.5 g N m−2, respectively. Interestingly, in lamb’s lettuce, the N50% plants treated with LDPH reached similar values of marketable yield in comparison to treated and non-treated plants under N100% conditions. The presumed mechanism involved in the enhancement of yield response in the two leafy greens could be associated to a better activity of the photosystem II (higher SPAD index), biochemical (higher content of chlorophyll a, b and total) and leaf nitrate status. The foliar application of LDPH produced a major fortification in lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant activities (+11.6 and 6.3% for spinach and lamb’s lettuce, respectively). The biostimulant application also improved N-use efficiency and N-uptake efficiency compared to untreated plants: +17.8% and +18.8%, and +50% and +73.3%, for spinach and lamb’s lettuce, respectively.

ACS Style

Ida Di Mola; Eugenio Cozzolino; Lucia Ottaiano; Sabrina Nocerino; Youssef Rouphael; Giuseppe Colla; Christophe El-Nakhel; Mauro Mori. Nitrogen Use and Uptake Efficiency and Crop Performance of Baby Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and Lamb’s Lettuce (Valerianella locusta L.) Grown under Variable Sub-Optimal N Regimes Combined with Plant-Based Biostimulant Application. Agronomy 2020, 10, 278 .

AMA Style

Ida Di Mola, Eugenio Cozzolino, Lucia Ottaiano, Sabrina Nocerino, Youssef Rouphael, Giuseppe Colla, Christophe El-Nakhel, Mauro Mori. Nitrogen Use and Uptake Efficiency and Crop Performance of Baby Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and Lamb’s Lettuce (Valerianella locusta L.) Grown under Variable Sub-Optimal N Regimes Combined with Plant-Based Biostimulant Application. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (2):278.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ida Di Mola; Eugenio Cozzolino; Lucia Ottaiano; Sabrina Nocerino; Youssef Rouphael; Giuseppe Colla; Christophe El-Nakhel; Mauro Mori. 2020. "Nitrogen Use and Uptake Efficiency and Crop Performance of Baby Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and Lamb’s Lettuce (Valerianella locusta L.) Grown under Variable Sub-Optimal N Regimes Combined with Plant-Based Biostimulant Application." Agronomy 10, no. 2: 278.

Journal article
Published: 05 December 2019 in Agronomy
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Processing tomato is an important worldwide horticultural crop. It is generally grown in high-input systems; nevertheless, plant responses to nitrogen fertilization, in terms of the effects on dry matter production and allocation to different plant organs, have yet to be investigated in depth. Moreover, information on the crop marginal net return and global warming potential (as an index of the environmental impact of crop cultivation) at different nitrogen rates is still scarce. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the effects of different nitrogen rates (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 kg of N ha−1) on the agronomic, economic, and environmental aspects of processing tomato grown under conventional management in the Mediterranean area. The results of the two-year trials indicated 200 kg of nitrogen ha−1 as the best rate, ensuring the highest values of marketable and total yields, brix ton ha−1, and marginal net return and the lowest global warming potential per ton of marketable yield. However, since plants fertilized with 200 kg of N ha−1 did not record the highest values of nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen uptake efficiency, our finding suggest the possibility to select better-performing cultivars for these physiological parameters by adopting specific tomato breeding programs.

ACS Style

Domenico Ronga; Mario Parisi; Alfonso Pentangelo; Mauro Mori; Ida Di Mola. Effects of Nitrogen Management on Biomass Production and Dry Matter Distribution of Processing Tomato Cropped in Southern Italy. Agronomy 2019, 9, 855 .

AMA Style

Domenico Ronga, Mario Parisi, Alfonso Pentangelo, Mauro Mori, Ida Di Mola. Effects of Nitrogen Management on Biomass Production and Dry Matter Distribution of Processing Tomato Cropped in Southern Italy. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (12):855.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Domenico Ronga; Mario Parisi; Alfonso Pentangelo; Mauro Mori; Ida Di Mola. 2019. "Effects of Nitrogen Management on Biomass Production and Dry Matter Distribution of Processing Tomato Cropped in Southern Italy." Agronomy 9, no. 12: 855.

Journal article
Published: 19 November 2019 in Plants
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Nitrogen is the primary technical means responsible for food production increase, but on the other hand, wise management is needed because its excessive use can have a negative impact on the environment and on green leafy vegetable quality, such as that rocket. Rocket has the characteristics of accumulating nitrate in leaves with possible impacts on human health. In order to overcome this issue, researchers are focusing their attention on the use of alternative means, such as plant biostimulant application. The scope of this study was to assess the effect of legume-derived protein hydrolysate(LDPH) and tropical plant extract(TPE), combined with various doses of nitrogen (0 kg ha−1 non-fertilized; N0); 60 kg ha−1 (sub-optimal; N1); 80 kg ha−1 (optimal; N2); and 100 kg ha−1 (supra-optimal; N3)), in order to reduce nitrogen use, boost yield, and enhance the chemical and nutritional value of leaves without significantly accumulating nitrate. Both vegetal-based plant biostimulants enhanced plant growth, boosted the marketable yield (especially at N0 and N1 levels, by 38.2% and 28.2%, respectively, compared to the non-treated control), and increased the SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development) index and leaf pigments content, such as chlorophyll and carotenoids, especially in treated-LDPH rocket. The plant-based biostimulants also produced a major amplification in lipophilic antioxidant activity (+ 48%) and total ascorbic acid content (average + 95.6%), especially at low nitrogen fertilization levels, and maintained nitrate content under the legal European Comission limits.

ACS Style

Ida Di Mola; Lucia Ottaiano; Eugenio Cozzolino; Mauro Senatore; Maria Giordano; Christophe El-Nakhel; Adriana Sacco; Youssef Rouphael; Giuseppe Colla; Mauro Mori. Plant-Based Biostimulants Influence the Agronomical, Physiological, and Qualitative Responses of Baby Rocket Leaves under Diverse Nitrogen Conditions. Plants 2019, 8, 522 .

AMA Style

Ida Di Mola, Lucia Ottaiano, Eugenio Cozzolino, Mauro Senatore, Maria Giordano, Christophe El-Nakhel, Adriana Sacco, Youssef Rouphael, Giuseppe Colla, Mauro Mori. Plant-Based Biostimulants Influence the Agronomical, Physiological, and Qualitative Responses of Baby Rocket Leaves under Diverse Nitrogen Conditions. Plants. 2019; 8 (11):522.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ida Di Mola; Lucia Ottaiano; Eugenio Cozzolino; Mauro Senatore; Maria Giordano; Christophe El-Nakhel; Adriana Sacco; Youssef Rouphael; Giuseppe Colla; Mauro Mori. 2019. "Plant-Based Biostimulants Influence the Agronomical, Physiological, and Qualitative Responses of Baby Rocket Leaves under Diverse Nitrogen Conditions." Plants 8, no. 11: 522.

Journal article
Published: 22 September 2019 in Agronomy
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Nitrogen (N) fertilizers play a crucial role in agriculture, representing a powerful tool for farmers for increasing yields throughout the seasons under both optimal and suboptimal conditions. At the same time, their synthetic/chemical nature could have several influences on ecosystems and human health. For this reason, there is an urgent need to find new and more sustainable means of production to increase plant productivity and optimize nitrogen use. An experiment was conducted in a plastic tunnel to assess the response of baby lettuce crop to the foliar application of three plant biostimulants (PBs): Legume-derived protein hydrolysate (LDPH) ‘Trainer®’, tropical plant extract (TPE) ‘Auxym®’ and seaweed extract (SwE) from Ecklonia maxima ‘Kelpak®’ under different N rates of 0, 10, 20 and 30 kg N·ha−1. The responses of baby lettuce plants were assessed in terms of yield, growth parameters and physicochemical composition of the leaves. The fresh yield of baby lettuce in both biostimulant-treated and untreated plants was positively affected by increasing N rates from 0 to 20 kg N·ha−1, reaching a plateau thereafter indicating luxury N conditions at 30 kg N·ha−1. However, high N fertilizer application (20 and especially 30 kg N·ha−1) resulted in undesirable decreases in antioxidant activities and total ascorbic acid (TAA). Under non-fertilized regimens, foliar PBs application boost growth and yield of baby lettuce in comparison to non-treated plants. Foliar spray with LDPH and especially SwE elicited significant increases in marketable fresh yield (averaging 14%, 6% and 7% at 10, 20 and 30 kg N·ha−1, respectively) compared to TPE and untreated plants. Improved agronomical performance of baby lettuce under optimal (10 kg N ha−1) and especially suboptimal N regimens (0 kg N ha−1) was associated with increasing photochemical efficiency and a better activity of photosystem II (higher Soil Plant Analysis Development-SPAD index and chlorophyllous pigments biosynthesis). The application of LDPH enhanced antioxidant capacity and TAA in baby lettuce leaf and did not increased nitrate content as recorded in SwE and TPE treatments. Overall, plant biostimulants may be considered as a sustainable tool of production to increase leafy vegetable productivity in low fertility soils.

ACS Style

Ida Di Mola; Eugenio Cozzolino; Lucia Ottaiano; Maria Giordano; Youssef Rouphael; Giuseppe Colla; Mauro Mori. Effect of Vegetal- and Seaweed Extract-Based Biostimulants on Agronomical and Leaf Quality Traits of Plastic Tunnel-Grown Baby Lettuce under Four Regimes of Nitrogen Fertilization. Agronomy 2019, 9, 571 .

AMA Style

Ida Di Mola, Eugenio Cozzolino, Lucia Ottaiano, Maria Giordano, Youssef Rouphael, Giuseppe Colla, Mauro Mori. Effect of Vegetal- and Seaweed Extract-Based Biostimulants on Agronomical and Leaf Quality Traits of Plastic Tunnel-Grown Baby Lettuce under Four Regimes of Nitrogen Fertilization. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (10):571.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ida Di Mola; Eugenio Cozzolino; Lucia Ottaiano; Maria Giordano; Youssef Rouphael; Giuseppe Colla; Mauro Mori. 2019. "Effect of Vegetal- and Seaweed Extract-Based Biostimulants on Agronomical and Leaf Quality Traits of Plastic Tunnel-Grown Baby Lettuce under Four Regimes of Nitrogen Fertilization." Agronomy 9, no. 10: 571.

Journal article
Published: 14 August 2019 in Agronomy
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Plant-derived protein hydrolysates (PHs) are gaining prominence as biostimulants due to their potential to improve yield and nutritional quality even under suboptimal nutrient regimens. In this study, we investigated the effects of foliar application of a legume-derived PH (0 or 4 mL L−1) on greenhouse baby spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) under four nitrogen (N) fertilization levels (0, 15, 30, or 45 kg ha−1) by evaluating morphological and colorimetric parameters, mineral composition, carbohydrates, proteins, and amino acids. The fresh yield in untreated and biostimulant-treated spinach plants increased in response to an increase in N fertilization from 1 up to 30 kg ha−1, reaching a plateau thereafter indicating the luxury consumption of N at 45 kg ha−1. Increasing N fertilization rate, independently of PH, lead to a significant increase of all amino acids with the exception of alanine, GABA, leucine, lysine, methionine, and ornithine but decreased the polyphenols content. Interestingly, the fresh yield at 0 and 15 kg ha−1 was clearly greater in PH-treated plants compared to untreated plants by 33.3% and 24.9%, respectively. This was associated with the presence in of amino acids and small peptides PH ‘Trainer®’, which act as signaling molecules eliciting auxin- and/or gibberellin-like activities on both leaves and roots and thus inducing a “nutrient acquisition response” that enhances nutrients acquisition and assimilation (high P, Ca, and Mg accumulation) as well as an increase in the photochemical efficiency and activity of photosystem II (higher SPAD index). Foliar applications of the commercial PH decreased the polyphenols content, but on the other hand strongly increased total amino acid content (+45%, +82%, and +59% at 0, 15, and 30 kg ha−1, respectively) but not at a 45-kg ha−1-rate. Overall, the use of PH could represent a sustainable tool for boosting yield and nitrogen use efficiency and coping with soil fertility problems under low input regimens.

ACS Style

Petronia Carillo; Giuseppe Colla; Giovanna Marta Fusco; Emilia Dell’Aversana; Christophe El-Nakhel; Maria Giordano; Antonio Pannico; Eugenio Cozzolino; Mauro Mori; Hélène Reynaud; Marios Kyriacou; Mariateresa Cardarelli; Youssef Rouphael. Morphological and Physiological Responses Induced by Protein Hydrolysate-Based Biostimulant and Nitrogen Rates in Greenhouse Spinach. Agronomy 2019, 9, 450 .

AMA Style

Petronia Carillo, Giuseppe Colla, Giovanna Marta Fusco, Emilia Dell’Aversana, Christophe El-Nakhel, Maria Giordano, Antonio Pannico, Eugenio Cozzolino, Mauro Mori, Hélène Reynaud, Marios Kyriacou, Mariateresa Cardarelli, Youssef Rouphael. Morphological and Physiological Responses Induced by Protein Hydrolysate-Based Biostimulant and Nitrogen Rates in Greenhouse Spinach. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (8):450.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Petronia Carillo; Giuseppe Colla; Giovanna Marta Fusco; Emilia Dell’Aversana; Christophe El-Nakhel; Maria Giordano; Antonio Pannico; Eugenio Cozzolino; Mauro Mori; Hélène Reynaud; Marios Kyriacou; Mariateresa Cardarelli; Youssef Rouphael. 2019. "Morphological and Physiological Responses Induced by Protein Hydrolysate-Based Biostimulant and Nitrogen Rates in Greenhouse Spinach." Agronomy 9, no. 8: 450.

Journal article
Published: 04 July 2019 in Agronomy
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The role of small bioactive molecules (

ACS Style

Petronia Carillo; Pasqualina Woodrow; Giampaolo Raimondi; Christophe El-Nakhel; Antonio Pannico; Marios Kyriacou; Giuseppe Colla; Mauro Mori; Maria Giordano; Stefania De Pascale; Youssef Rouphael. Omeprazole Promotes Chloride Exclusion and Induces Salt Tolerance in Greenhouse Basil. Agronomy 2019, 9, 355 .

AMA Style

Petronia Carillo, Pasqualina Woodrow, Giampaolo Raimondi, Christophe El-Nakhel, Antonio Pannico, Marios Kyriacou, Giuseppe Colla, Mauro Mori, Maria Giordano, Stefania De Pascale, Youssef Rouphael. Omeprazole Promotes Chloride Exclusion and Induces Salt Tolerance in Greenhouse Basil. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (7):355.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Petronia Carillo; Pasqualina Woodrow; Giampaolo Raimondi; Christophe El-Nakhel; Antonio Pannico; Marios Kyriacou; Giuseppe Colla; Mauro Mori; Maria Giordano; Stefania De Pascale; Youssef Rouphael. 2019. "Omeprazole Promotes Chloride Exclusion and Induces Salt Tolerance in Greenhouse Basil." Agronomy 9, no. 7: 355.

Journal article
Published: 31 August 2008 in European Journal of Agronomy
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Research on tomato tolerance to salt stress indicates that thresholds of ECe for the decrease of yield and plant growth are moderately high and differ among varieties. Some results suggest that nitrogen fertilisation may help increase the threshold for yield reduction. Most literature data have been collected either in small-scale containers or in the open field and both systems are often subjected to disturbances making hypotheses difficult to test. A set of experiments was conducted in large containers in a rainout-shelter field setting to assess the response of a “cherry”-type tomato variety to irrigation with saline water and to test the hypothesis that salt stress may be mitigated through nitrogen fertilisation. Tomato hybrid ‘TOMITO F 1’ was irrigated with water at four levels of salinity (0.7, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 dS m−1 ECw) and three levels of nitrogen fertilisation (no added nitrogen = N0, 120 kg ha−1 = N120, and 160 kg ha−1 = N160) in factorial combination. Plant growth and water use were measured throughout the growth cycle, and gas exchange and leaf water potentials were measured at the fruit-growing stage. Two growing cycles were completed, one with high initial soil nitrogen (HN) and the second with low initial soil nitrogen (LN). No interaction was found between the application of nitrogen and plant response to saline irrigation. Plant growth and yield were affected by the saline treatments and less by nitrogen fertilisation, especially in the HN treatment. Irrigations with saline water resulted in increased values of soil salinity. Water use was lower with increasing soil and water EC, and the marginal reduction ranged from about 31 mm for each dS m−1 of water EC at low salinity to about 6 mm for each dS m−1 at high water EC. The marginal reduction in yield ranged from about 3.3 t ha−1 for each dS m−1 at low salinity water to less than 0.6 t ha−1 for each dS m−1 at high EC of irrigation water. Yield reductions were mainly due to lower fruit weight. Biomass values decreased as the salinity levels increased and fruit quality was improved in both cycles with increasing salinity. The hypothesis that nitrogen fertilisation could help tomato plants increase tolerance to salinity was not confirmed by data of this experiment and alterations induced by salinity in plant growth, yield and quality stabilised at high levels of water EC.

ACS Style

M. Mori; Mariana Amato; Ida Di Mola; R. Caputo; F. Quaglietta Chiarandà; T. Di Tommaso. Productive behaviour of “cherry”-type tomato irrigated with saline water in relation to nitrogen fertilisation. European Journal of Agronomy 2008, 29, 135 -143.

AMA Style

M. Mori, Mariana Amato, Ida Di Mola, R. Caputo, F. Quaglietta Chiarandà, T. Di Tommaso. Productive behaviour of “cherry”-type tomato irrigated with saline water in relation to nitrogen fertilisation. European Journal of Agronomy. 2008; 29 (2-3):135-143.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Mori; Mariana Amato; Ida Di Mola; R. Caputo; F. Quaglietta Chiarandà; T. Di Tommaso. 2008. "Productive behaviour of “cherry”-type tomato irrigated with saline water in relation to nitrogen fertilisation." European Journal of Agronomy 29, no. 2-3: 135-143.