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Dr. Ida Di Mola
Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy

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0 Agronomy
0 Plant Physiology
0 Salinity
0 Sustainable Agriculture
0 abiotic stress

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Journal article
Published: 13 August 2021 in Agronomy
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Promising strategies that could aid a shift from N-intensive agriculture to an eco-friendlier approach include the integrated use of plant-based biostimulants. To date, results about the accumulation of nitrate in green leafy vegetables due to biostimulant application are conflicting. Therefore, the current study aimed at assessing the effect of a new plant-based biostimulant, containing triacontanol (TRIA), that is claimed to reduce nitrate accumulation in leaves, based on the yield and leaf quality of lettuce grown in a plastic tunnel under different N conditions. The experimental design was a factorial combination of three nitrogen fertilization levels (N0, N30, and N60, corresponding to 0, 30, and 60 kg N ha−1) and two biostimulant applications (treated with ‘ILSASTIM+’ = YB and untreated control = NB). Nitrogen fertilization resulted in a 40% yield increase over N0. Biostimulant application increased the yield 21% over NB, and both improved all growth parameters. In addition, the biostimulant had a positive effect on color and Soil Plant Analysis development (SPAD) index, thus enhancing the qualitative aspect. Interestingly, biostimulant application boosted nitrogen use efficiency with a 23% increase over untreated plants. The use of biostimulant proved to be suitable to be applied in a sustainable strategy of production and quality improvement.

ACS Style

Lucia Ottaiano; Ida Di Mola; Eugenio Cozzolino; Christophe El-Nakhel; Youssef Rouphael; Mauro Mori. Biostimulant Application under Different Nitrogen Fertilization Levels: Assessment of Yield, Leaf Quality, and Nitrogen Metabolism of Tunnel-Grown Lettuce. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1613 .

AMA Style

Lucia Ottaiano, Ida Di Mola, Eugenio Cozzolino, Christophe El-Nakhel, Youssef Rouphael, Mauro Mori. Biostimulant Application under Different Nitrogen Fertilization Levels: Assessment of Yield, Leaf Quality, and Nitrogen Metabolism of Tunnel-Grown Lettuce. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (8):1613.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lucia Ottaiano; Ida Di Mola; Eugenio Cozzolino; Christophe El-Nakhel; Youssef Rouphael; Mauro Mori. 2021. "Biostimulant Application under Different Nitrogen Fertilization Levels: Assessment of Yield, Leaf Quality, and Nitrogen Metabolism of Tunnel-Grown Lettuce." Agronomy 11, no. 8: 1613.

Journal article
Published: 18 July 2021 in Horticulturae
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Light and nitrogen strongly affect the growth, yield, and quality of food crops, with greater importance in green leafy vegetables for their tendency to accumulate nitrate in leaves. The purpose of this research was to explore the effect of two greenhouse films (Film A and B) on yield, and quality of spinach grown under different nitrogen regimes (not fertilized—N0%; sub-optimal N dose—N50%; optimal N dose—N100%). Film A and Film B were used as clear and diffused light films, with 75% and 87% thermicity, and 85% and 90% total transmittivity, respectively, where only Film B had a UV-B window. Film B elicited an increase in yield (22%) and soil–plant analysis development (SPAD) index (4.6%) compared to the clear film, but did not affect chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll content. In addition, the diffuse film significantly decreased ascorbic acid in the crop but had no effect on lipophilic antioxidant activity and phenols content, but decreased ascorbic acid content. Finally, nitrate content was strongly increased both by nitrogen dose (about 50-fold more than N0%) and greenhouse films (about six-fold higher under diffuse light film), but within the legal limit fixed by European Commission. Therefore, irrespective of N levels, the use of diffuse-light film in winter boosts spinach yield without depressing quality.

ACS Style

Ida Mola; Lucia Ottaiano; Eugenio Cozzolino; Leo Sabatino; Maria Sifola; Pasquale Mormile; Christophe El-Nakhel; Youssef Rouphael; Mauro Mori. Optical Characteristics of Greenhouse Plastic Films Affect Yield and Some Quality Traits of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Subjected to Different Nitrogen Doses. Horticulturae 2021, 7, 200 .

AMA Style

Ida Mola, Lucia Ottaiano, Eugenio Cozzolino, Leo Sabatino, Maria Sifola, Pasquale Mormile, Christophe El-Nakhel, Youssef Rouphael, Mauro Mori. Optical Characteristics of Greenhouse Plastic Films Affect Yield and Some Quality Traits of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Subjected to Different Nitrogen Doses. Horticulturae. 2021; 7 (7):200.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ida Mola; Lucia Ottaiano; Eugenio Cozzolino; Leo Sabatino; Maria Sifola; Pasquale Mormile; Christophe El-Nakhel; Youssef Rouphael; Mauro Mori. 2021. "Optical Characteristics of Greenhouse Plastic Films Affect Yield and Some Quality Traits of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Subjected to Different Nitrogen Doses." Horticulturae 7, no. 7: 200.

Journal article
Published: 17 June 2021 in Italian Journal of Agronomy
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Durum wheat is often cultivated in marginal areas with great management difficulties. Organic fertilization is a sustainable agricultural practice that allows preserving the environment, but its limit can be the reduction of yield and quality of crops, also in cereals. The aim of research was to evaluate the effects of the organic fertilization on yield and quality of Simeto, a variety of durum wheat, cultivated for two years in three different sites of the internal hill of Campania Region (San Giorgio la Molara, SGM; Ariano Irpino, AI; Sant’Angelo dei Lombardi, SAL). SGM was a sandy-clay-loam soil, with high fertility, while AI and SAL were clay soil. The organic fertilization (ORG), based on roasted leather, was compared to mineral fertilization (MIN) and the not fertilized treatment (N0). In SGM, crop growth rate (CGR) and leaf area index (LAI) were significantly higher than AI and SAL until the flowering (about 2- and 4-fold more, respectively). MIN and ORG significantly boosted CGR compared to N0, while for LAI, ORG was never different from N0. The two-years value of yield was 3.0 t ha–1; in SGM, it reached 4.2 t ha–1, and it was 54.6% more than the mean value of AI and SAL, while N0 was not different from MIN of AI and SAL. ORG yield was lower and not different from NO in AI, where the lowest values of 1000 kernels weight, and hectolitre weight were also recorded. MIN and ORG increased the number of spikes per square meter: 27.0%, and 12.8% over N0, respectively, but ORG showed an 11.2% decrease compared to MIN. The 1000 kernels weight reached the highest values in SAL, without differences between N0, MIN, and ORG. The values of protein and gluten percentage were highest in AI and SGM (about 13.5%, and 11.7%, respectively), but without differences between ORG and MIN in the 3 sites for protein percentage. The worst value of the vitreousness was recorded in SAL (52.3%), six-fold more than that of AI (8.2%), probably due to the high rainfall. NUE reached the highest value in SGM in the first year, when it was significantly different from AI and SAL (0.036 vs 0.030 t kg–1). Overall, the effect of nitrogen fertilization type results sitespecific; indeed, organic fertilization had the same performance of mineral in the site with better soil (low clay content, high nitrogen, and organic matter content) and climate conditions. Highlights - Organic fertilization based on roasted leather was compared to mineral fertilization in three marginal environments for two years. - Effect of organic fertilization on wheat yield, grain quality and nitrogen use efficiency was site-specific. - Yield of plants organically fertilized was lower than mineral fertilization in the two environments less fertile and with a high clay content. - Nitrogen use efficiency of organic fertilization was lower than mineral in the two environments less fertile and with high content of clay.- Grain protein and gluten percentage were lower in the site with higher rainfall.

ACS Style

Ida Di Mola; Lucia Ottaiano; Adriana Sacco; Mauro Senatore; Mauro Mori. Organic versus mineral fertilization: Assessing of yield and quality of durum wheat in marginal lands. Italian Journal of Agronomy 2021, 16, 1 .

AMA Style

Ida Di Mola, Lucia Ottaiano, Adriana Sacco, Mauro Senatore, Mauro Mori. Organic versus mineral fertilization: Assessing of yield and quality of durum wheat in marginal lands. Italian Journal of Agronomy. 2021; 16 (2):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ida Di Mola; Lucia Ottaiano; Adriana Sacco; Mauro Senatore; Mauro Mori. 2021. "Organic versus mineral fertilization: Assessing of yield and quality of durum wheat in marginal lands." Italian Journal of Agronomy 16, no. 2: 1.

Journal article
Published: 22 May 2021 in Agronomy
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A mild salinity stress (eustress) may modulate the induction of the plant defense system in horticultural crops and the synthesis of phytochemical components able to enhance plant resilience, post-harvest performance, and the nutraceutical quality of produce. However, the choice of the correct eustress type and dose to induce the synthesis of these protective phytochemicals is pivotal to avoid potential interference with plant growth and productivity. In order to study how green and red lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants equilibrate the nutritional and nutraceutical components of quality with yield components, we applied iso-osmotic concentrations of three different salts (20 mM NaCl, 20 mM KCl, and 13.3 mM CaCl2, with a final total ionic concentration of 40 mM) in combination with two successive harvests in a floating raft system. The biometric parameters, mineral composition, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity of both cultivars were analyzed. The green cultivar had a superior response concerning biometric traits and productivity compared to the red one during the first cut but lower phytochemical content (e.g., ascorbic acid). The effect of cut order, independently of cultivar and salinity treatments, demonstrated that at the first harvest plants could redirect metabolism by increasing the lipophilic antioxidant content (LAA) at the expense of plant yield, therefore increasing plant resilience and post-harvest nutraceutical quality; whereas, at the second harvest, plants reverted principally to tissue expansion. The treatments with iso-osmotic salt concentrations did not affect K and Mg ion contents but further increased LAA and resulted only in a moderate decrease of fresh yield. The lettuce nitrate content was reduced during the second cut only when lettuce plants were treated with NaCl and especially CaCl2.

ACS Style

Petronia Carillo; Georgios Soteriou; Marios Kyriacou; Maria Giordano; Giampaolo Raimondi; Francesco Napolitano; Emilio Di Stasio; Ida Mola; Mauro Mori; Youssef Rouphael. Regulated Salinity Eustress in a Floating Hydroponic Module of Sequentially Harvested Lettuce Modulates Phytochemical Constitution, Plant Resilience, and Post-Harvest Nutraceutical Quality. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1040 .

AMA Style

Petronia Carillo, Georgios Soteriou, Marios Kyriacou, Maria Giordano, Giampaolo Raimondi, Francesco Napolitano, Emilio Di Stasio, Ida Mola, Mauro Mori, Youssef Rouphael. Regulated Salinity Eustress in a Floating Hydroponic Module of Sequentially Harvested Lettuce Modulates Phytochemical Constitution, Plant Resilience, and Post-Harvest Nutraceutical Quality. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (6):1040.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Petronia Carillo; Georgios Soteriou; Marios Kyriacou; Maria Giordano; Giampaolo Raimondi; Francesco Napolitano; Emilio Di Stasio; Ida Mola; Mauro Mori; Youssef Rouphael. 2021. "Regulated Salinity Eustress in a Floating Hydroponic Module of Sequentially Harvested Lettuce Modulates Phytochemical Constitution, Plant Resilience, and Post-Harvest Nutraceutical Quality." Agronomy 11, no. 6: 1040.

Journal article
Published: 23 March 2021 in Italian Journal of Agronomy
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Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a diffused worldwide vegetable. Great amounts of fertilizers are often applied for increasing yield and quality, without considering the negative effect on the environment. A possible perspective for reducing this risk is to raise the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) through the use of plant biostimulants, which also improve yield and quality concomitantly. The aim of the current study was to verify the potential beneficial effect of three vegetal-based biostimulants on agronomical, qualitative and nitrogen use efficiency of a processing tomato crop. The experiment provided three biostimulants (an extract of brown seaweed [SwE], a legume-derived protein hydrolysate [LDPH] and a tropical plant extract). The following assessments were carried out: marketable and unmarketable yields, mean fruits weight, firmness, pH, total soluble solids (TSS), colour parameters (a/b), hydrophilic antioxidant activity (HAA), lipophilic antioxidant activity (LAA), total ascorbic acid content (AsA), total phenols, nitrate and total nitrogen content, nitrogen use efficiency, N-uptake efficiency, and N-utilization. The foliar application of biostimulants especially protein hydrolysates and seaweed extract significantly affected the marketable yield with an average increase of 18.3% over the control and 41.3% average decrease in unmarketable yield. The N-use and N-uptake efficiency followed a similar trend, with biostimulants boosting it higher than control, +18.4% and +59.3%, respectively; the nitrogen content was also higher in fruits of sprayed plants: +21.3% over control. This finding also reflects on higher dry matter accumulation and firmness in fruits of treated plants (+10.9% and +14.1% over control, respectively). The biostimulants application, in particular SwE and LDPH, also boosted TSS (+12.8%), the a/b colour ratio (+7.5%), HAA and AsA (9.8% and 114.6%, respectively). Therefore, the legume-derived protein hydrolysates and extract of brown seaweed Ecklonia maxima seem a good sustainable approach to improve yield and quality of tomato for canning industries. Highlights - The effects of three plant-based biostimulants on yield and quality of processing tomato was explored. - Application of protein hydrolysates and seaweed extract improve marketable yield. - The biostimulants had different effect on nutritional and functional quality of tomato. - Hydrophilic antioxidant activity and ascorbic acid content increased under protein hydrolysate application.

ACS Style

Eugenio Cozzolino; Ida Di Mola; Lucia Ottaiano; Christophe El-Nakhel; Youssef Rouphael; Mauro Mori. Foliar application of plant-based biostimulants improve yield and upgrade qualitative characteristics of processing tomato. Italian Journal of Agronomy 2021, 16, 1 .

AMA Style

Eugenio Cozzolino, Ida Di Mola, Lucia Ottaiano, Christophe El-Nakhel, Youssef Rouphael, Mauro Mori. Foliar application of plant-based biostimulants improve yield and upgrade qualitative characteristics of processing tomato. Italian Journal of Agronomy. 2021; 16 (2):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eugenio Cozzolino; Ida Di Mola; Lucia Ottaiano; Christophe El-Nakhel; Youssef Rouphael; Mauro Mori. 2021. "Foliar application of plant-based biostimulants improve yield and upgrade qualitative characteristics of processing tomato." Italian Journal of Agronomy 16, no. 2: 1.

Journal article
Published: 14 February 2021 in Agronomy
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Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a multipurpose plant attracting increasing interest as a source for the production of natural fibers, paper, bio-building material and food. In this research we studied the agronomical performance of Cannabis sativa cv. Eletta Campana irrigated with saline water. Under those conditions, we tested the effect of protein hydrolysate (PH) biostimulant application in overcoming and/or balancing deleterious salinity effects. The results of the diverse treatments were also investigated at the physiological level, focusing on photosynthesis by means of a chlorophyll a fluorescence technique, which give an insight into the plant primary photochemical reactions. Four salinity levels of the irrigation solution (fresh water–EC0, and NaCl solutions at EC 2.0, 4.0 or 6.0 dS m−1, EC2, EC4 and EC6, respectively) were combined with 2 biostimulant treatments (untreated (control) or treated with a commercial legume-derived protein hydrolysate (LDPH)). The increasing salinity affected plant photochemistry resulting in lower plant growth and seed production, while the LDPH biostimulant showed a protective effect, which improved crop performance both in control and in salinity conditions. The LDPH treatment improved seeds yield (+38.6% on average of all treated plants respect to untreated plants), as well as residual biomass, relevant in fiber production.

ACS Style

Ida Di Mola; Stefano Conti; Eugenio Cozzolino; Giuseppe Melchionna; Lucia Ottaiano; Antonino Testa; Leo Sabatino; Youssef Rouphael; Mauro Mori. Plant-Based Protein Hydrolysate Improves Salinity Tolerance in Hemp: Agronomical and Physiological Aspects. Agronomy 2021, 11, 342 .

AMA Style

Ida Di Mola, Stefano Conti, Eugenio Cozzolino, Giuseppe Melchionna, Lucia Ottaiano, Antonino Testa, Leo Sabatino, Youssef Rouphael, Mauro Mori. Plant-Based Protein Hydrolysate Improves Salinity Tolerance in Hemp: Agronomical and Physiological Aspects. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (2):342.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ida Di Mola; Stefano Conti; Eugenio Cozzolino; Giuseppe Melchionna; Lucia Ottaiano; Antonino Testa; Leo Sabatino; Youssef Rouphael; Mauro Mori. 2021. "Plant-Based Protein Hydrolysate Improves Salinity Tolerance in Hemp: Agronomical and Physiological Aspects." Agronomy 11, no. 2: 342.

Journal article
Published: 11 December 2020 in Agriculture
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Crop management and soil properties affect greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from cropping systems. Irrigation is one of the agronomical management practices that deeply affects soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Careful management of irrigation, also concerning to soil type, might mitigate the emissions of this powerful GHG from agricultural soils. In the Mediterranean area, despite the relevance of the agricultural sector to the overall economy and sustainable development, the topic of N2O emissions does not have the same importance as N2O fluxes in temperate agricultural areas. Only some research has discussed N2O emissions from Mediterranean cropping systems. Therefore, in this study, N2O emissions from different soil types (sandy-loam and clay soils) were analyzed in relation to the irrigation of a maize crop grown in two contrasting seasons (2009–2010). The irrigation was done using a center pivot irrigation system about twice a week. The N2O emissions were monitored throughout the two-years of maize crop growth. The emissions were measured with the accumulation technique using eight static chambers (four chambers per site). Nitrogen fertilizer was applied in the form of ammonium sulphate and urea with 3,4 dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) nitrification inhibitors. In 2009, the N2O emissions and crop biomass measured in both soil types were lower than those measured in 2010. This situation was a lower amount of water and nitrogen (N) available to the crop. In 2010, the N2O fluxes were higher in the clay site than those in the sandy-loam site after the first fertilization, whereas an opposite trend was found after the second fertilization. The soil temperature, N content, and soil humidity were the main drivers for N2O emission during 2009, whereas during 2010, only the N content and soil humidity affected the nitrous oxide emissions. The research has demonstrated that crop water management deeply affects soil N2O emissions, acting differently for denitrification and nitrification. The soil properties affect N2O emission by influencing the microclimate conditions in the root zone, conditioning the N2O production.

ACS Style

Lucia Ottaiano; Ida Di Mola; Paul Di Tommasi; Mauro Mori; Vincenzo Magliulo; Luca Vitale. Effects of Irrigation on N2O Emissions in a Maize Crop Grown on Different Soil Types in Two Contrasting Seasons. Agriculture 2020, 10, 623 .

AMA Style

Lucia Ottaiano, Ida Di Mola, Paul Di Tommasi, Mauro Mori, Vincenzo Magliulo, Luca Vitale. Effects of Irrigation on N2O Emissions in a Maize Crop Grown on Different Soil Types in Two Contrasting Seasons. Agriculture. 2020; 10 (12):623.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lucia Ottaiano; Ida Di Mola; Paul Di Tommasi; Mauro Mori; Vincenzo Magliulo; Luca Vitale. 2020. "Effects of Irrigation on N2O Emissions in a Maize Crop Grown on Different Soil Types in Two Contrasting Seasons." Agriculture 10, no. 12: 623.

Journal article
Published: 10 December 2020 in Italian Journal of Agronomy
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Soil erosion is one of the biggest environmental problems throughout European Union causing considerable soil losses. Vegetation cover provides an important soil protection against runoff and soil erosion. To this aim, unlike annual crops, perennial plants have the advantage of covering soil for a longer time and reducing soil erodibility thanks to SOM increase due to litter effect and to reduction of soil disturbance (no-tillage). Two experiments were carried out in marginal hilly areas (10% slope) of Southern Italy: i) long-term experiment in which it was evaluated the effect of two fertilization doses (N: 100 and 50 kg N ha−1 from urea) on Arundo donax L. biomass production as well as its effect on soil erosion; ii) three-year experiment to evaluate the soil cover capacity of the giant reed by analysing the plant leaf area index (LAI). Results of the two experiments showed a good soil protection of Arundo donax L. that reduced soil losses by 78% as compared to fallow and showed soil erosion reduction not different from permanent meadow thanks to the soil covering during the period with the highest rain erosivity and to the reduction in soil erodibility. The protective effect of Arundo donax L. from rain erosivity was also confirmed by LAI analysis that showed a good soil covering of giant reed in the above mentioned period, even during the initial yield increasing phase following crop transplant. According to biomass yield, from the fifteen year of cultivation in a low fertile inland hilly area of Southern Italy, giant reed was characterized by a yield-decreasing phase that resulted postponed as compared to more fertile environments thus ensuring a longstanding soil protection from soil erosion. In addition, the higher nitrogen fertilization dose (100 kg ha−1 of N) allowed interesting biomass yield as compared to the lower dose (50 kg N ha−1) and kept constant SOC along the year of experimentation due to an improved contribution of leaf fall, root exudates and root turnover to soil. Highlights - Soil erosion is an important environmental problem in Mediterranean hilly areas. - Arundo donax L. can significantly reduce soil erosion in hilly cropland. - Soil protection of giant reed is high during the months with higher rain erosivity. - High N inputs enhance giant reed biomass production and soil fertility conservation. - In hilly areas yields are lower but more stable over time than in more fertile environments.

ACS Style

Donato Visconti; Nunzio Fiorentino; Eugenio Cozzolino; Ida Di Mola; Lucia Ottaiano; Mauro Mori; Vincenzo Cenvinzo; Massimo Fagnano. Use of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) to control soil erosion and improve soil quality in a marginal degraded area. Italian Journal of Agronomy 2020, 15, 332 -338.

AMA Style

Donato Visconti, Nunzio Fiorentino, Eugenio Cozzolino, Ida Di Mola, Lucia Ottaiano, Mauro Mori, Vincenzo Cenvinzo, Massimo Fagnano. Use of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) to control soil erosion and improve soil quality in a marginal degraded area. Italian Journal of Agronomy. 2020; 15 (4):332-338.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Donato Visconti; Nunzio Fiorentino; Eugenio Cozzolino; Ida Di Mola; Lucia Ottaiano; Mauro Mori; Vincenzo Cenvinzo; Massimo Fagnano. 2020. "Use of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) to control soil erosion and improve soil quality in a marginal degraded area." Italian Journal of Agronomy 15, no. 4: 332-338.

Journal article
Published: 20 September 2020 in Australian Journal of Crop Science
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In recent years, the demand for green leafy vegetables is increasing. In order to satisfy this trend, the leafy crops are cultivated under high energetic inputs, especially high doses of nitrogen (N) fertilization that leads to a nitrate accumulation in leaves, sometimes overcoming the legal threshold set by the European Community for their commercialization. The nitrate in leaves can be dangerous for human health because in the human body it can be converted into nitrite, which can cause methemoglobinemia or create cancer-causing compounds. In order to overcome this problem, a correct N management is needed, especially using technical means which can improve the nitrogen use efficiency. In this study, we evaluated the possible effect of two important plant biostimulants on yield and quality traits (nitrate, antioxidants activity, carotenoids) of baby leafy lettuce, grown in a greenhouse with three levels of nitrogen input. Nitrogen doses were 0, 10 (sub-optimal) and 20 (optimal) kg ha-1, N0, N10 and N20 respectively. The biostimulants were Ecklonia maxima seaweed extract (3 ml per liter) (named Bio 1), legume-derived protein hydrolysate (Bio 2) and non-treated control (Control). The treatments were distributed in a randomized complete-block design with three replications (3 N levels x 3 Biostimulant applications x 3 replications). Biostimulant applications of seaweed extracts and legume-derived protein hydrolysate improved yield and LAI: 13.4% and 12.0% increase over non treated plants, respectively. The highest yield was reached at 20 kg N ha-1. Application of foliar biostimulants stimulated the antioxidant systems of plants, improved leaves color and increased chlorophyll and carotenoids content. The nitrate concentration in leaves was increased under higher levels of N fertilization, meeting the EC legal limit at N20 treatment in plants sprayed by E. maxima seaweed extract. Therefore, in our growth conditions, it seems possible to reduce nitrogen input at 10 kg N ha-1, by applying additional applications of biostimulants to reduce the yield gap upon application of N20 treatment.

ACS Style

Ida Di Mola; Eugenio Cozzolino; Lucia Ottaiano; Maria Giordano; Youssef Rouphael; Christophe El Nakhel; Vincenzo Leone; Mauro Mori. Effect of seaweed (Ecklonia maxima) extract and legume-derived protein hydrolysate biostimulants on baby leaf lettuce grown on optimal doses of nitrogen under greenhouse conditions. Australian Journal of Crop Science 2020, 1456 -1464.

AMA Style

Ida Di Mola, Eugenio Cozzolino, Lucia Ottaiano, Maria Giordano, Youssef Rouphael, Christophe El Nakhel, Vincenzo Leone, Mauro Mori. Effect of seaweed (Ecklonia maxima) extract and legume-derived protein hydrolysate biostimulants on baby leaf lettuce grown on optimal doses of nitrogen under greenhouse conditions. Australian Journal of Crop Science. 2020; (14(9):2020):1456-1464.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ida Di Mola; Eugenio Cozzolino; Lucia Ottaiano; Maria Giordano; Youssef Rouphael; Christophe El Nakhel; Vincenzo Leone; Mauro Mori. 2020. "Effect of seaweed (Ecklonia maxima) extract and legume-derived protein hydrolysate biostimulants on baby leaf lettuce grown on optimal doses of nitrogen under greenhouse conditions." Australian Journal of Crop Science , no. 14(9):2020: 1456-1464.

Journal article
Published: 04 September 2020 in Horticulturae
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The global increasing demand of lettuce is pushing farmers to boost their production through several technical means, including mulching and nitrogen fertilization. However, from an environmental protection perspective, the role of scientific research is to limit the excessive use of some chemical approaches. This research aims to evaluate the possible effects of two mulching films (black polyethylene, PE, and brown photoselective film, BF) and two treatments with a plant growth-promoting product, containing Trichoderma spp., (non-treated, - Control and treated with RYZO PEP UP, - TR), on the productive and qualitative traits of lettuce grown under four regimes of nitrogen (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha−1, N0, N30, N60, and N90, respectively). The marketable yield increased at higher nitrogen levels, but without differences between the N60 and N90 doses. The photoselective film elicited marketable yield, with an 8% increase over PE. N fertilization also improved photochemical efficiency (higher Soil Plant Analysis Development and chlorophyllous pigments biosynthesis), as well as antioxidant activities (lipophilic—LAA and hydrophilic—HAA) and bioactive compounds (phenols and total ascorbic acid—TAA). Interestingly, Trichoderma spp. had a positive effect on these qualitative parameters, especially when combined with mulching films, where the increase generated by PE-TR treatment over the all other treatments was 16.3% and 16.8% for LAA and HHA, respectively. In all treatments, the nitrate leaves content was consistently always within the legal limit imposed by the European community. Overall, although Trichoderma spp. did not engender a marked effect on yield, probably due to the short crop cycle, its positive effect on some quality traits is an interesting starting point for further research.

ACS Style

Ida Di Mola; Lucia Ottaiano; Eugenio Cozzolino; Mauro Senatore; Adriana Sacco; Christophe El-Nakhel; Youssef Rouphael; Mauro Mori. Trichoderma spp. and Mulching Films Differentially Boost Qualitative and Quantitative Aspects of Greenhouse Lettuce under Diverse N Conditions. Horticulturae 2020, 6, 55 .

AMA Style

Ida Di Mola, Lucia Ottaiano, Eugenio Cozzolino, Mauro Senatore, Adriana Sacco, Christophe El-Nakhel, Youssef Rouphael, Mauro Mori. Trichoderma spp. and Mulching Films Differentially Boost Qualitative and Quantitative Aspects of Greenhouse Lettuce under Diverse N Conditions. Horticulturae. 2020; 6 (3):55.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ida Di Mola; Lucia Ottaiano; Eugenio Cozzolino; Mauro Senatore; Adriana Sacco; Christophe El-Nakhel; Youssef Rouphael; Mauro Mori. 2020. "Trichoderma spp. and Mulching Films Differentially Boost Qualitative and Quantitative Aspects of Greenhouse Lettuce under Diverse N Conditions." Horticulturae 6, no. 3: 55.

Journal article
Published: 20 March 2020 in Agronomy
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Scientists, extensions specialists, and growers are seeking sustainable agricultural practices that are able to cope with these objectives in order to ensure global food security and minimize environmental damage. The use of mulching films and plant biostimulants in agriculture seems to be a valid solution for tackling these rising concerns. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in order to elucidate the morpho-physiological and nutritive characteristics of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in response to foliar application of a tropical plant extract (PE) biostimulant and the use of plastic mulches. Two biodegradable mulch treatments (Mater-Bi® 1 and Mater-Bi® 2) were compared to black polyethylene (LDPE) and bare soil. Biodegradable mulch film Mater-Bi® 1 produced a comparable marketable fresh yield to the commercial standard polyethylene (LDPE), whereas Mater-Bi® 2 exhibited the highest crop productivity. When averaged over biostimulant application, lettuce plants grown with biodegradable film Mater-Bi® 2 exhibited superior quality traits in terms of K, Ca, total ascorbic acid, and carotenoids content. The combination of film mulching (LDPE, Mater-Bi® 1 or Mater-Bi® 2) with the tropical plant extract biostimulant exhibited a positive and significant synergistic effect (+30%) on yield. The PE-biostimulant induced higher values of SPAD index and total chlorophyll content when compared to untreated greenhouse lettuce. The mineral content of leaf tissues was greater by 10% and 17% (for P and Ca, respectively) when compared to the untreated lettuce (no PE application). Nitrate content was significantly reduced by 23% in greenhouse lettuce plants receiving PE as compared to the untreated control. The positive effect of Mater-Bi® 2 film on the ascorbic acid content has also been highlighted when combined with the biostimulant application, where a major amplification of total ascorbic acid (+168%) was recorded in comparison to the untreated lettuce. Overall, our work can assist leafy vegetables growers in adopting good agricultural practices, such as biodegradable plastic mulches and vegetal-derived biostimulants, to improve the sustainability of greenhouse production.

ACS Style

Eugenio Cozzolino; Maria Giordano; Nunzio Fiorentino; Christophe El-Nakhel; Antonio Pannico; Ida Di Mola; Mauro Mori; Marios C. Kyriacou; Giuseppe Colla; Youssef Rouphael. Appraisal of Biodegradable Mulching Films and Vegetal-Derived Biostimulant Application as Eco-Sustainable Practices for Enhancing Lettuce Crop Performance and Nutritive Value. Agronomy 2020, 10, 427 .

AMA Style

Eugenio Cozzolino, Maria Giordano, Nunzio Fiorentino, Christophe El-Nakhel, Antonio Pannico, Ida Di Mola, Mauro Mori, Marios C. Kyriacou, Giuseppe Colla, Youssef Rouphael. Appraisal of Biodegradable Mulching Films and Vegetal-Derived Biostimulant Application as Eco-Sustainable Practices for Enhancing Lettuce Crop Performance and Nutritive Value. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (3):427.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eugenio Cozzolino; Maria Giordano; Nunzio Fiorentino; Christophe El-Nakhel; Antonio Pannico; Ida Di Mola; Mauro Mori; Marios C. Kyriacou; Giuseppe Colla; Youssef Rouphael. 2020. "Appraisal of Biodegradable Mulching Films and Vegetal-Derived Biostimulant Application as Eco-Sustainable Practices for Enhancing Lettuce Crop Performance and Nutritive Value." Agronomy 10, no. 3: 427.

Journal article
Published: 15 February 2020 in Agronomy
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An optimized nitrogen (N) fertilization may have a positive effect on leafy vegetables by increasing growth, yield and nutrient content of plants. Nevertheless, crop performance must be coupled with an increase in Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) in order to limit external N inputs and to avoid N surpluses associated with environmental and health problems. The aim of the current study was to assess the effects of a legume-derived plant hydrolysates (LDPH; Trainer®) and N fertilization levels (0, 2.25 and 4.5 g N m−2 for spinach and 0, 2.5 and 5.0 g N m−2 for lamb’s lettuce; N0%, N50%, N100%, respectively) on agronomical, biochemical, qualitative responses and NUE of these two important greenhouse leafy vegetables. Spinach and lamb’s lettuce were sprayed four times during the growing period (at a concentration of 4 mL L−1 of LDPH). In baby spinach, the LDPH application elicited a significant increase at the three levels of N fertilization: +16.8%, +14.2%, and 39.4% at 0, 2.25 and 4.5 g N m−2, respectively. Interestingly, in lamb’s lettuce, the N50% plants treated with LDPH reached similar values of marketable yield in comparison to treated and non-treated plants under N100% conditions. The presumed mechanism involved in the enhancement of yield response in the two leafy greens could be associated to a better activity of the photosystem II (higher SPAD index), biochemical (higher content of chlorophyll a, b and total) and leaf nitrate status. The foliar application of LDPH produced a major fortification in lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant activities (+11.6 and 6.3% for spinach and lamb’s lettuce, respectively). The biostimulant application also improved N-use efficiency and N-uptake efficiency compared to untreated plants: +17.8% and +18.8%, and +50% and +73.3%, for spinach and lamb’s lettuce, respectively.

ACS Style

Ida Di Mola; Eugenio Cozzolino; Lucia Ottaiano; Sabrina Nocerino; Youssef Rouphael; Giuseppe Colla; Christophe El-Nakhel; Mauro Mori. Nitrogen Use and Uptake Efficiency and Crop Performance of Baby Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and Lamb’s Lettuce (Valerianella locusta L.) Grown under Variable Sub-Optimal N Regimes Combined with Plant-Based Biostimulant Application. Agronomy 2020, 10, 278 .

AMA Style

Ida Di Mola, Eugenio Cozzolino, Lucia Ottaiano, Sabrina Nocerino, Youssef Rouphael, Giuseppe Colla, Christophe El-Nakhel, Mauro Mori. Nitrogen Use and Uptake Efficiency and Crop Performance of Baby Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and Lamb’s Lettuce (Valerianella locusta L.) Grown under Variable Sub-Optimal N Regimes Combined with Plant-Based Biostimulant Application. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (2):278.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ida Di Mola; Eugenio Cozzolino; Lucia Ottaiano; Sabrina Nocerino; Youssef Rouphael; Giuseppe Colla; Christophe El-Nakhel; Mauro Mori. 2020. "Nitrogen Use and Uptake Efficiency and Crop Performance of Baby Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and Lamb’s Lettuce (Valerianella locusta L.) Grown under Variable Sub-Optimal N Regimes Combined with Plant-Based Biostimulant Application." Agronomy 10, no. 2: 278.

Journal article
Published: 05 December 2019 in Agronomy
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Processing tomato is an important worldwide horticultural crop. It is generally grown in high-input systems; nevertheless, plant responses to nitrogen fertilization, in terms of the effects on dry matter production and allocation to different plant organs, have yet to be investigated in depth. Moreover, information on the crop marginal net return and global warming potential (as an index of the environmental impact of crop cultivation) at different nitrogen rates is still scarce. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the effects of different nitrogen rates (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 kg of N ha−1) on the agronomic, economic, and environmental aspects of processing tomato grown under conventional management in the Mediterranean area. The results of the two-year trials indicated 200 kg of nitrogen ha−1 as the best rate, ensuring the highest values of marketable and total yields, brix ton ha−1, and marginal net return and the lowest global warming potential per ton of marketable yield. However, since plants fertilized with 200 kg of N ha−1 did not record the highest values of nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen uptake efficiency, our finding suggest the possibility to select better-performing cultivars for these physiological parameters by adopting specific tomato breeding programs.

ACS Style

Domenico Ronga; Mario Parisi; Alfonso Pentangelo; Mauro Mori; Ida Di Mola. Effects of Nitrogen Management on Biomass Production and Dry Matter Distribution of Processing Tomato Cropped in Southern Italy. Agronomy 2019, 9, 855 .

AMA Style

Domenico Ronga, Mario Parisi, Alfonso Pentangelo, Mauro Mori, Ida Di Mola. Effects of Nitrogen Management on Biomass Production and Dry Matter Distribution of Processing Tomato Cropped in Southern Italy. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (12):855.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Domenico Ronga; Mario Parisi; Alfonso Pentangelo; Mauro Mori; Ida Di Mola. 2019. "Effects of Nitrogen Management on Biomass Production and Dry Matter Distribution of Processing Tomato Cropped in Southern Italy." Agronomy 9, no. 12: 855.

Journal article
Published: 19 November 2019 in Plants
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Nitrogen is the primary technical means responsible for food production increase, but on the other hand, wise management is needed because its excessive use can have a negative impact on the environment and on green leafy vegetable quality, such as that rocket. Rocket has the characteristics of accumulating nitrate in leaves with possible impacts on human health. In order to overcome this issue, researchers are focusing their attention on the use of alternative means, such as plant biostimulant application. The scope of this study was to assess the effect of legume-derived protein hydrolysate(LDPH) and tropical plant extract(TPE), combined with various doses of nitrogen (0 kg ha−1 non-fertilized; N0); 60 kg ha−1 (sub-optimal; N1); 80 kg ha−1 (optimal; N2); and 100 kg ha−1 (supra-optimal; N3)), in order to reduce nitrogen use, boost yield, and enhance the chemical and nutritional value of leaves without significantly accumulating nitrate. Both vegetal-based plant biostimulants enhanced plant growth, boosted the marketable yield (especially at N0 and N1 levels, by 38.2% and 28.2%, respectively, compared to the non-treated control), and increased the SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development) index and leaf pigments content, such as chlorophyll and carotenoids, especially in treated-LDPH rocket. The plant-based biostimulants also produced a major amplification in lipophilic antioxidant activity (+ 48%) and total ascorbic acid content (average + 95.6%), especially at low nitrogen fertilization levels, and maintained nitrate content under the legal European Comission limits.

ACS Style

Ida Di Mola; Lucia Ottaiano; Eugenio Cozzolino; Mauro Senatore; Maria Giordano; Christophe El-Nakhel; Adriana Sacco; Youssef Rouphael; Giuseppe Colla; Mauro Mori. Plant-Based Biostimulants Influence the Agronomical, Physiological, and Qualitative Responses of Baby Rocket Leaves under Diverse Nitrogen Conditions. Plants 2019, 8, 522 .

AMA Style

Ida Di Mola, Lucia Ottaiano, Eugenio Cozzolino, Mauro Senatore, Maria Giordano, Christophe El-Nakhel, Adriana Sacco, Youssef Rouphael, Giuseppe Colla, Mauro Mori. Plant-Based Biostimulants Influence the Agronomical, Physiological, and Qualitative Responses of Baby Rocket Leaves under Diverse Nitrogen Conditions. Plants. 2019; 8 (11):522.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ida Di Mola; Lucia Ottaiano; Eugenio Cozzolino; Mauro Senatore; Maria Giordano; Christophe El-Nakhel; Adriana Sacco; Youssef Rouphael; Giuseppe Colla; Mauro Mori. 2019. "Plant-Based Biostimulants Influence the Agronomical, Physiological, and Qualitative Responses of Baby Rocket Leaves under Diverse Nitrogen Conditions." Plants 8, no. 11: 522.

Journal article
Published: 22 September 2019 in Agronomy
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Nitrogen (N) fertilizers play a crucial role in agriculture, representing a powerful tool for farmers for increasing yields throughout the seasons under both optimal and suboptimal conditions. At the same time, their synthetic/chemical nature could have several influences on ecosystems and human health. For this reason, there is an urgent need to find new and more sustainable means of production to increase plant productivity and optimize nitrogen use. An experiment was conducted in a plastic tunnel to assess the response of baby lettuce crop to the foliar application of three plant biostimulants (PBs): Legume-derived protein hydrolysate (LDPH) ‘Trainer®’, tropical plant extract (TPE) ‘Auxym®’ and seaweed extract (SwE) from Ecklonia maxima ‘Kelpak®’ under different N rates of 0, 10, 20 and 30 kg N·ha−1. The responses of baby lettuce plants were assessed in terms of yield, growth parameters and physicochemical composition of the leaves. The fresh yield of baby lettuce in both biostimulant-treated and untreated plants was positively affected by increasing N rates from 0 to 20 kg N·ha−1, reaching a plateau thereafter indicating luxury N conditions at 30 kg N·ha−1. However, high N fertilizer application (20 and especially 30 kg N·ha−1) resulted in undesirable decreases in antioxidant activities and total ascorbic acid (TAA). Under non-fertilized regimens, foliar PBs application boost growth and yield of baby lettuce in comparison to non-treated plants. Foliar spray with LDPH and especially SwE elicited significant increases in marketable fresh yield (averaging 14%, 6% and 7% at 10, 20 and 30 kg N·ha−1, respectively) compared to TPE and untreated plants. Improved agronomical performance of baby lettuce under optimal (10 kg N ha−1) and especially suboptimal N regimens (0 kg N ha−1) was associated with increasing photochemical efficiency and a better activity of photosystem II (higher Soil Plant Analysis Development-SPAD index and chlorophyllous pigments biosynthesis). The application of LDPH enhanced antioxidant capacity and TAA in baby lettuce leaf and did not increased nitrate content as recorded in SwE and TPE treatments. Overall, plant biostimulants may be considered as a sustainable tool of production to increase leafy vegetable productivity in low fertility soils.

ACS Style

Ida Di Mola; Eugenio Cozzolino; Lucia Ottaiano; Maria Giordano; Youssef Rouphael; Giuseppe Colla; Mauro Mori. Effect of Vegetal- and Seaweed Extract-Based Biostimulants on Agronomical and Leaf Quality Traits of Plastic Tunnel-Grown Baby Lettuce under Four Regimes of Nitrogen Fertilization. Agronomy 2019, 9, 571 .

AMA Style

Ida Di Mola, Eugenio Cozzolino, Lucia Ottaiano, Maria Giordano, Youssef Rouphael, Giuseppe Colla, Mauro Mori. Effect of Vegetal- and Seaweed Extract-Based Biostimulants on Agronomical and Leaf Quality Traits of Plastic Tunnel-Grown Baby Lettuce under Four Regimes of Nitrogen Fertilization. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (10):571.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ida Di Mola; Eugenio Cozzolino; Lucia Ottaiano; Maria Giordano; Youssef Rouphael; Giuseppe Colla; Mauro Mori. 2019. "Effect of Vegetal- and Seaweed Extract-Based Biostimulants on Agronomical and Leaf Quality Traits of Plastic Tunnel-Grown Baby Lettuce under Four Regimes of Nitrogen Fertilization." Agronomy 9, no. 10: 571.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2018 in Acta Horticulturae
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ISHS International Symposium on New Technologies for Environment Control, Energy-Saving and Crop Production in Greenhouse and Plant Factory − GreenSys 2017 Assessing the effects of salinity on yield, leaf gas exchange and nutritional quality of spring greenhouse lettuce

ACS Style

I. Di Mola; Y. Rouphael; L. Ottaiano; L.G. Duri; M. Mori; S. De Pascale. Assessing the effects of salinity on yield, leaf gas exchange and nutritional quality of spring greenhouse lettuce. Acta Horticulturae 2018, 479 -484.

AMA Style

I. Di Mola, Y. Rouphael, L. Ottaiano, L.G. Duri, M. Mori, S. De Pascale. Assessing the effects of salinity on yield, leaf gas exchange and nutritional quality of spring greenhouse lettuce. Acta Horticulturae. 2018; (1227):479-484.

Chicago/Turabian Style

I. Di Mola; Y. Rouphael; L. Ottaiano; L.G. Duri; M. Mori; S. De Pascale. 2018. "Assessing the effects of salinity on yield, leaf gas exchange and nutritional quality of spring greenhouse lettuce." Acta Horticulturae , no. 1227: 479-484.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2018 in Acta Horticulturae
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ISHS International Symposium on New Technologies for Environment Control, Energy-Saving and Crop Production in Greenhouse and Plant Factory − GreenSys 2017 Nutritional quality of hydroponically grown basil in response to salinity and growing season

ACS Style

Y. Rouphael; M. Giordano; A. Pannico; E. Di Stasio; G. Raimondi; C. El-Nakhel; I. Di Mola; M. Mori; S. De Pascale. Nutritional quality of hydroponically grown basil in response to salinity and growing season. Acta Horticulturae 2018, 693 -698.

AMA Style

Y. Rouphael, M. Giordano, A. Pannico, E. Di Stasio, G. Raimondi, C. El-Nakhel, I. Di Mola, M. Mori, S. De Pascale. Nutritional quality of hydroponically grown basil in response to salinity and growing season. Acta Horticulturae. 2018; (1227):693-698.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Y. Rouphael; M. Giordano; A. Pannico; E. Di Stasio; G. Raimondi; C. El-Nakhel; I. Di Mola; M. Mori; S. De Pascale. 2018. "Nutritional quality of hydroponically grown basil in response to salinity and growing season." Acta Horticulturae , no. 1227: 693-698.

Journal article
Published: 18 January 2018 in Italian Journal of Agronomy
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The soil salinity increase in the Mediterranean basin is one of the consequences of the climate change. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adaptability of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) to salinity, in conditions of higher temperatures, in order to hypothesise the future use of giant reed under these conditions. The trial was carried out in pots under a permanent metal structure, open on the sides and with a clear PE on the top. Four levels of soil salinity in the range 3.3-15.5 dS m–1 were imposed. The stem number of the most stressed treatment was about 45% lower than the control and also the stem height was lower than in all other treatments. The green and yellow leaf number decreased as the soil salinity increased, and their sum was significantly lower in the two most stressed treatments. Osmotic potential of the leaf sap was not affected by salinity. Leaf water potential and stomatal conduc- conductance in the saline treatments were lower than in the control. tance Assimilation rate showed similar pattern of stomatal conductance. Intrinsic WUE remained almost stable until July and increased during August under the most stressful conditions. PSII photochemistry was not affected by soil salinity. Biomass yield was not different from the control until to soil ECe 12.0 dS m–1: only the most stressed treatment (15.5 dS m–1) caused yield losses (50%). Tolerance threshold to salinity was 11.2 dS m–1 and the relative yield losses were 11.6% per dS m–1.

ACS Style

Ida Di Mola; Gianpiero Guida; Carmela Mistretta; Pasquale Giorio; Rossella Albrizio; Donato Visconti; Massimo Fagnano; Mauro Mori. Agronomic and physiological response of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) to soil salinity. Italian Journal of Agronomy 2018, 13, 31 -39.

AMA Style

Ida Di Mola, Gianpiero Guida, Carmela Mistretta, Pasquale Giorio, Rossella Albrizio, Donato Visconti, Massimo Fagnano, Mauro Mori. Agronomic and physiological response of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) to soil salinity. Italian Journal of Agronomy. 2018; 13 (1):31-39.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ida Di Mola; Gianpiero Guida; Carmela Mistretta; Pasquale Giorio; Rossella Albrizio; Donato Visconti; Massimo Fagnano; Mauro Mori. 2018. "Agronomic and physiological response of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) to soil salinity." Italian Journal of Agronomy 13, no. 1: 31-39.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2017 in HortScience
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In a 2-year study, the morphophysiological and qualitative changes imposed to greenhouse lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) by an increasing concentration of NaCl in the irrigation water were determined. Plants were grown under soil conditions and supplied with irrigation water having electrical conductivities (ECs) of 0.7 (control), 0.9, 1.8, 3.6, or 7.2 dS·m−1. Irrigation with saline water resulted in linear decrease in plant growth parameters (i.e., leaf number, total leaf area and head diameter), head fresh weight, and diameter as well as yield, especially at 1.8, 3.6, and 7.2 dS·m−1, confirming that lettuce is a salt-sensitive crop. The percentage of marketable yield reduction in comparison with nonsaline control treatment was 22.7%, 36.4%, 45.4%, and 63.6% at 0.9, 1.8, 3.6, and 7.2 dS·m−1, respectively. The reduction in marketable fresh yield has been partly compensated by a decrease in the nitrate content of salt-treated lettuce. The highest values of hydrophilic antioxidant activity were recorded in the nonsalinized treatment. The lowest values of lipophylic antioxidant activity (LAA) and total ascorbic acid were observed under severe stress conditions (7.2 dS·m−1). Net CO2 assimilation rate and leaf water potential (LWP) declined with increasing NaCl concentration in the irrigation water. Increasing salinity in the irrigation water induced a reduction in stomatal conductance (gs) as LWP dropped below −0.62 MPa.

ACS Style

Ida Di Mola; Youssef Rouphael; Giuseppe Colla; Massimo Fagnano; Roberta Paradiso; Mauro Mori. Morphophysiological Traits and Nitrate Content of Greenhouse Lettuce as Affected by Irrigation with Saline Water. HortScience 2017, 52, 1716 -1721.

AMA Style

Ida Di Mola, Youssef Rouphael, Giuseppe Colla, Massimo Fagnano, Roberta Paradiso, Mauro Mori. Morphophysiological Traits and Nitrate Content of Greenhouse Lettuce as Affected by Irrigation with Saline Water. HortScience. 2017; 52 (12):1716-1721.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ida Di Mola; Youssef Rouphael; Giuseppe Colla; Massimo Fagnano; Roberta Paradiso; Mauro Mori. 2017. "Morphophysiological Traits and Nitrate Content of Greenhouse Lettuce as Affected by Irrigation with Saline Water." HortScience 52, no. 12: 1716-1721.

Journal article
Published: 12 September 2017 in Italian Journal of Agronomy
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Cardoon is a crop well adapted to Mediterranean climatic conditions, that is able to grow also in marginal lands thus reducing competition for land with food crops. It is considered a key crop for bio-refinery since it allows to produce different interesting molecules for industrial application. From stems it is possible to obtain large amounts of cellulose, grains are a good source of oil and proteins and roots can be a source of inulin. The aim of this research has been to evaluate the productive levels of different genotypes of cardoon in two different climatic conditions of Mediterranean cropland (a site in the Vesuvius plain and a site in the internal hilly cropland). In both the sites, during 3 years (from 2012-2013 to 2014-2015), three genotypes (Altilis, Gigante e Trinaseed) were cultivated with 2 planting densities (4 and 8 plants per m2). A low input cropping system was adopted (no irrigation and 150 kg ha-1 of N supplied as ammonium nitrate). In plainy site (NA-Ac.), lignocellulosic biomass yield was 19 t ha-1 d.m. and grain yield 2.7 t ha-1 on the average of the 3 years period. In the hilly site, biomass yield was similar (20 t ha-1 d.m.) while grain yield was higher (3.9 t ha-1 on the average) as compared to the plainy site. As regards biomass composition, an increase of hemicellulose and a decrease of cellulose content was measured in the plainy site, maybe as a response of plant to the higher drought stress.

ACS Style

Lucia Ottaiano; Ida Di Mola; Adriana Impagliazzo; Eugenio Cozzolino; Felicia Masucci; Mauro Mori; Massimo Fagnano. Yields and quality of biomasses and grain in Cynara cardunculus L. grown in southern Italy, as affected by genotype and environmental conditions. Italian Journal of Agronomy 2017, 11, 1 .

AMA Style

Lucia Ottaiano, Ida Di Mola, Adriana Impagliazzo, Eugenio Cozzolino, Felicia Masucci, Mauro Mori, Massimo Fagnano. Yields and quality of biomasses and grain in Cynara cardunculus L. grown in southern Italy, as affected by genotype and environmental conditions. Italian Journal of Agronomy. 2017; 11 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lucia Ottaiano; Ida Di Mola; Adriana Impagliazzo; Eugenio Cozzolino; Felicia Masucci; Mauro Mori; Massimo Fagnano. 2017. "Yields and quality of biomasses and grain in Cynara cardunculus L. grown in southern Italy, as affected by genotype and environmental conditions." Italian Journal of Agronomy 11, no. : 1.