Microrobots hold immense potential in biomedical applications, including drug delivery, disease diagnostics, and minimally invasive surgeries. However, two key challenges hinder their clinical translation: achieving scalable and precision fabrication, and enabling non‐invasive imaging and tracking within deep biological tissues. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI), a cutting‐edge imaging modality, addresses these challenges by detecting the magnetization of nanoparticles and visualizing superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SPIONs) with sub‐millimeter resolution, free from interference by biological tissues. This capability makes MPI an ideal tool for tracking magnetic microrobots in deep tissue environments. In this study, “TriMag” microrobots are introduced: 3D‐printed microrobots with three integrated magnetic functionalities—magnetic actuation, magnetic particle imaging, and magnetic hyperthermia. The TriMag microrobots are fabricated using an innovative method that combines two‐photon lithography for 3D printing biocompatible hydrogel structures with in situ chemical reactions to embed the hydrogel scaffold with Fe ₃ O ₄ nanoparticles for good MPI contrast and CoFe ₂ O ₄ nanoparticles for efficient magnetothermal heating. This approach enables scalable, precise fabrication of helical magnetic hydrogel microrobots. The resulting TriMag microrobots, with the synergistic effects of Fe ₃ O ₄ and CoFe ₂ O ₄ nanoparticles, demonstrate efficient magnetic actuation for controlled movement, precise imaging via MPI for imaging and tracking in biological fluid and organs, including porcine eye and mouse stomach, and magnetothermal heating for tumor ablation in a mouse model. By combining these capabilities, the fabrication and imaging approach provides a robust platform for non‐invasive monitoring and manipulation of microrobots for transformative applications in medical treatment and biological research.

Nature's ability to create complex and functionalized organisms has long inspired engineers and scientists to develop increasingly advanced machines. Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB), a group of Gram‐negative prokaryotes that biomineralize iron and thrive in aquatic environments, have garnered significant attention from the bioengineering community. These bacteria possess chains of magnetic nanocrystals known as magnetosomes, which allow them to align with Earth's geomagnetic field and navigate through aquatic environments via magnetotaxis, enabling localization to areas rich in nutrients and optimal oxygen concentration. Their built‐in magnetic components, along with their intrinsic and/or modified biological functions, make them one of the most promising platforms for future medical microrobots. Leveraging an externally applied magnetic field, the motion of MTBs can be precisely controlled, rendering them suitable for use as a new type of biohybrid microrobotics with great promise in medicine for bioimaging, drug delivery, cancer therapy, antimicrobial treatment, and detoxification. This mini‐review provides an up‐to‐date overview of recent advancements in MTB microrobots, delineates the interaction between MTB microrobots and magnetic fields, elucidates propulsion mechanisms and motion control, and reports state‐of‐the‐art strategies for modifying and functionalizing MTB for medical applications.

Soft (flexible and stretchable) biosensors have great potential in real-time and continuous health monitoring of various physiological factors, mainly due to their better conformability to soft human tissues and organs, which maximizes data fidelity and minimizes biological interference. Most of the early soft sensors focused on sensing physical signals. Recently, it is becoming a trend that novel soft sensors are developed to sense and monitor biochemical signals in situ in real biological environments, thus providing much more meaningful data for studying fundamental biology and diagnosing diverse health conditions. This is essential to decentralize the healthcare resources towards predictive medicine and better disease management. To meet the requirements of mechanical softness and complex biosensing, unconventional materials, and manufacturing process are demanded in developing biosensors. In this review, we summarize the fundamental approaches and the latest and representative design and fabrication to engineer soft electronics (flexible and stretchable) for wearable and implantable biochemical sensing. We will review the rational design and ingenious integration of stretchable materials, structures, and signal transducers in different application scenarios to fabricate high-performance soft biosensors. Focus is also given to how these novel biosensors can be integrated into diverse important physiological environments and scenarios in situ, such as sweat analysis, wound monitoring, and neurochemical sensing. We also rethink and discuss the current limitations, challenges, and prospects of soft biosensors. This review holds significant importance for researchers and engineers, as it assists in comprehending the overarching trends and pivotal issues within the realm of designing and manufacturing soft electronics for biochemical sensing.

Freezing of gait (FOG) is a disabling yet poorly understood paroxysmal gait disorder affecting the vast majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) as they reach advanced stages of the disorder. Falling is one of the most disabling consequences of a FOG episode; it often results in injury and a future fear of falling, leading to diminished social engagement, a reduction in general fitness, loss of independence, and degradation of overall quality of life. Currently, there is no robust or reliable treatment against FOG in PD. In the absence of reliable and effective treatment for Parkinson’s disease, alleviating the consequences of FOG represents an unmet clinical need, with the first step being reliable FOG prediction. Current methods for FOG prediction and prevention cannot provide real-time readouts and are not sensitive enough to detect changes in walking patterns or balance. To fill this gap, we developed an sEMG system consisting of a soft, wearable garment (pair of shorts and two calf sleeves) embedded with screen-printed electrodes and stretchable traces capable of picking up and recording the electromyography activities from lower limb muscles. Here, we report on the testing of these garments in healthy individuals and in patients with PD FOG. The preliminary testing produced an initial time-to-onset commencement that persisted > 3 s across all patients, resulting in a nearly 3-fold drop in sEMG activity. We believe that these initial studies serve as a solid foundation for further development of smart digital textiles with integrated bio and chemical sensors that will provide AI-enabled, medically oriented data.

Electrogastrography (EGG), a non-invasive method for measuring gastric myoelectrical activity, offers valuable insights into gastrointestinal motility and functional disorders such as gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia. Despite its diagnostic potential, the clinical adoption of EGG has been limited due to its reliance on rigid electrodes and bulky instrumentation, which leads to motion artifacts and poor signal quality, and ultimately reduces patient comfort and restricting data collection to short-duration, stationary settings. To address these limitations, we present FlexEGG, a skin-conformal, flexible electronic system engineered for high-fidelity EGG monitoring in both clinical and real-world environments. The device incorporates a soft, stretchable electrode array specifically designed for the abdominal surface, utilizing a hybrid stretchable conductor composed of conductive polymer, silver nanowires (AgNWs), and polyurethane elastomer, which leads to good skin contact, signal stability, and mechanical conformability. A custom low-noise analog front-end and digital signal processing pipeline enables reliable acquisition of low-frequency, low-amplitude gastric slow waves. Additionally, FlexEGG supports simultaneous electrocardiogram (ECG) measurement, potentially facilitating integrated gut–heart axis monitoring for broader physiological assessment. In this study, we describe the design, implementation, and validation of FlexEGG in multi-channel, long-duration EGG and ECG recordings. Our findings demonstrate its potential as a wearable, non-invasive tool for continuous gastrointestinal electrophysiology monitoring, enabling new opportunities for diagnosing and managing digestive disorders in everyday settings.