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This paper investigates the sustainability of Tabriz City focusing on its decarbonization. Statistical, quantitative, and comparative research methods are used to analyze the total energy consumed, conversion of primary energy, final exergy, and losses analysis according to the renewable and carbon-based energies. Then, the renewable resource potentials of the city are simulated using Grasshopper plug-in-Rhino simulator, THERM, PVSyst photovoltaic software, and ArcMap. In terms of the socio-economic assessment, non-oil Per Capita GDP, emissions, and energy intensities are analyzed concerning the B2DS scenario by 2050. The per capita GDP of the city is 71% of the country's average value. Tabriz's real GDP growth averaged −1.11% per year, primary energy demand increased by an average of 6.1%, CO2 emissions from energy use grew by an average of 6% annually and the emission intensity of the economy increased by a total of 52.02%, in the period from 2011 to 2019. Finally, it is shown that the city consumes 58050 GWh/year of different carbon-based resources that only produced 20110 GWh/year of useful work with 5.63 MT CO2 emissions, while the same work could locally be supplied by 30000 GWh/year RE with a minimum rate of 0.18 MT CO2 emissions. The city Landfill receives 1000 tons/day of MSW, but two-thirds of this amount can be recycled. Regarding different sectors, buildings produce half of the CO2. The cement industry with dual pollutants (17%) is the most polluting factory. Carbon-based electricity (66%) is the most polluting form of energy. In terms of carbon sequestration requirements with trees, shifting from fossil fuels toward green energies, EE, and recycling MSW can plunge required trees from 81.9 to 1.16 million trees. This paper highlights the importance of electrification of transportation based on RE, energy performance of buildings, and all sectors.
Mahmoud Ouria; Aníbal T. de Almeida. How to Decarbonize Developing Cities by 2050: A Case from Tabriz-Iran. Renewable Energy 2021, 178, 620 -638.
AMA StyleMahmoud Ouria, Aníbal T. de Almeida. How to Decarbonize Developing Cities by 2050: A Case from Tabriz-Iran. Renewable Energy. 2021; 178 ():620-638.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMahmoud Ouria; Aníbal T. de Almeida. 2021. "How to Decarbonize Developing Cities by 2050: A Case from Tabriz-Iran." Renewable Energy 178, no. : 620-638.
The use of low efficient cookstoves has several severe negative impacts. Burning solid fuels kills about 4 million people every year, a number which is higher than the combined impact of HIV-AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis. Moreover, most of the people affected are located in rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa and other developing countries, where over 80% of the population still relies on biomass as their primary source of energy, being the electricity access only 43%. Low-efficiency cooking systems are also a major source of greenhouse gas emissions since solid fuel cooking in Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for 1.2 and 6% of global CO2 and black carbon emissions, respectively. Furthermore, widespread biomass collection by an increasing population in Sub-Saharan Africa is unsustainable, contributing to deforestation. Therefore, the impact of using traditional cooking systems is a challenge for the achievement of sustainable development targets in Sub-Saharan Africa and as a whole globally. There are several cooking technologies used in those rural locations, but there are no clear frameworks or polices to support sustainable cooking options, as well as a guide for users. This paper assesses several cooking technologies with its associated fuels and evaluated each technology in terms of energy consumption, CO2 emissions, health impacts and costs. It was concluded that compared with traditional wood fuel cookstoves, electric cookstoves can reduce the energy consumption by 95.7%, CO2 emissions by 100% (assuming renewable carbon-free electricity) and the life cycle cost by 94%, also avoiding over 180 mg/m3 PM2.5 concentrations per/household per year. Also, this paper indicates that a strong and collective effort is necessary from key stakeholders to switch from traditional and unsustainable cooking technologies and fuels to cleaner and sustainable cooking systems.
Yohannes Biru Aemro; Pedro Moura; Aníbal T. de Almeida. Inefficient cooking systems a challenge for sustainable development: a case of rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa. Environment, Development and Sustainability 2021, 23, 14697 -14721.
AMA StyleYohannes Biru Aemro, Pedro Moura, Aníbal T. de Almeida. Inefficient cooking systems a challenge for sustainable development: a case of rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa. Environment, Development and Sustainability. 2021; 23 (10):14697-14721.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYohannes Biru Aemro; Pedro Moura; Aníbal T. de Almeida. 2021. "Inefficient cooking systems a challenge for sustainable development: a case of rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa." Environment, Development and Sustainability 23, no. 10: 14697-14721.
Joaquim Delgado; Pedro Moura; Aníbal T. de Almeida. Electric Mobility: A Key Technology to Decarbonize the Economy and Improve Air Quality. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals 2021, 321 -337.
AMA StyleJoaquim Delgado, Pedro Moura, Aníbal T. de Almeida. Electric Mobility: A Key Technology to Decarbonize the Economy and Improve Air Quality. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. 2021; ():321-337.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoaquim Delgado; Pedro Moura; Aníbal T. de Almeida. 2021. "Electric Mobility: A Key Technology to Decarbonize the Economy and Improve Air Quality." Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals , no. : 321-337.
Aníbal T. de Almeida; Pedro Moura; Nuno Quaresma. Off-Grid Sustainable Energy Systems for Rural Electrification. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals 2021, 943 -964.
AMA StyleAníbal T. de Almeida, Pedro Moura, Nuno Quaresma. Off-Grid Sustainable Energy Systems for Rural Electrification. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. 2021; ():943-964.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAníbal T. de Almeida; Pedro Moura; Nuno Quaresma. 2021. "Off-Grid Sustainable Energy Systems for Rural Electrification." Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals , no. : 943-964.
Energy access is critical for health, education and social welfare improvements. In countries like Ethiopia, with a low electrification rate and with the majority of the population located in rural areas, about 76% of primary schools do not have access to electricity. This limits the hours of classes and does not allow the use of basic or modern teaching resources. Off-grid solutions have emerged as potential cost-effective alternatives to electrify rural areas and schools, but the availability of off-grid appliances and the size of the system can lead to different solutions. Therefore, this study proposes a DC microgrid system to supply the electricity demand of a rural school located in Ethiopia, considering load estimation scenarios with standard and high-efficiency appliances. The simulation results show that the designed DC microgrid is a valid option to electrify the rural school under each load and generation scenarios. The system costs were also evaluated, and the high-efficiency appliances option has a 51% lower cost. The study also applies to other sub-Saharan countries in the region with very low energy access rates and abundant solar energy, thus giving a large contribution to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Education Goal 4 (SDG 4).
Yohannes Biru Aemro; Pedro Moura; Aníbal T. De Almeida. Design and Modeling of a Standalone DC-Microgrid for Off-Grid Schools in Rural Areas of Developing Countries. Energies 2020, 13, 6379 .
AMA StyleYohannes Biru Aemro, Pedro Moura, Aníbal T. De Almeida. Design and Modeling of a Standalone DC-Microgrid for Off-Grid Schools in Rural Areas of Developing Countries. Energies. 2020; 13 (23):6379.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYohannes Biru Aemro; Pedro Moura; Aníbal T. De Almeida. 2020. "Design and Modeling of a Standalone DC-Microgrid for Off-Grid Schools in Rural Areas of Developing Countries." Energies 13, no. 23: 6379.
Today’s cities are estimated to generate 80% of global GDP, covering only about 3% of the land, but contributing to about 72% of all global greenhouse gas emissions. Cities face significant challenges, such as population growth, pollution, congestion, lack of physical and social infrastructures, while trying to simultaneously meet sustainable energy and environmental requirements. The Smart City concept intends to address these challenges by identifying new and intelligent ways to manage the complexity of urban living and implement solutions for multidisciplinary problems in cities. With the increasing number of Smart City projects being implemented around the world, it is important to evaluate their strengths and weaknesses for their future improvement and evolution track record. It is, therefore, crucial to characterize and improve the proper tools to adequately evaluate these implementations. Following the Smart City implementation growth, several Smart City Assessment tools with different indicator sets have been developed. This work presents a literature review on Smart City Assessment tools, discussing their main gaps in order to improve future methodologies and tools. Smart City Assessment can deliver important performance indicators monitoring for the evaluation of multiple benefits for different actors and stakeholders, such as city authorities, investors and funding agencies, researchers, and citizens.
Carlos Patrão; Pedro Moura; Anibal T. De Almeida. Review of Smart City Assessment Tools. Smart Cities 2020, 3, 1117 -1132.
AMA StyleCarlos Patrão, Pedro Moura, Anibal T. De Almeida. Review of Smart City Assessment Tools. Smart Cities. 2020; 3 (4):1117-1132.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Patrão; Pedro Moura; Anibal T. De Almeida. 2020. "Review of Smart City Assessment Tools." Smart Cities 3, no. 4: 1117-1132.
Electric mobility deals with sorts of transportation (two-wheel vehicles, cars, trucks, buses, trains, ships, airplanes) in which electricity is used to supply electric motors to provide, partially...
Joaquim Delgado; Pedro Moura; Aníbal T. De Almeida. Electric Mobility: Key Technology to Decarbonize the Economy and Improve Air Quality. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals 2020, 1 -18.
AMA StyleJoaquim Delgado, Pedro Moura, Aníbal T. De Almeida. Electric Mobility: Key Technology to Decarbonize the Economy and Improve Air Quality. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. 2020; ():1-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoaquim Delgado; Pedro Moura; Aníbal T. De Almeida. 2020. "Electric Mobility: Key Technology to Decarbonize the Economy and Improve Air Quality." Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals , no. : 1-18.
Recurring and increasing large-scale wildfires across the globe (e.g., Southern Europe, California, Australia), as a result of worsening climate conditions with record temperatures, drought, and strong winds, present a challenge to mankind. Early fire detection is crucial for a quick reaction and effective firefighting operations, minimizing the risk to human lives as well as the destruction of assets, infrastructures, forests, and wildlife. Usually, ground firefighting relies on human intervention and dangerous exposition to high temperatures and radiation levels, proving the need for mechanisms and techniques to remotely or autonomously detect and combat fire. This paper proposes an autonomous firefighting system built with a motorized water turret, narrow beam far infrared (FIR) sensors, and a micro-controller running novel algorithms and techniques. Experimental field results validated the technical approach, indicating that when a small fire front is within the field of view of the FIR sensor and within the range of the water jet, it is possible to provide an early alarm and even autonomously extinguish or delay the approaching fire front, increasing the chance for evacuation.
Luís Miguel Ferreira; A. Paulo Coimbra; Aníbal T. De Almeida. Autonomous System for Wildfire and Forest Fire Early Detection and Control. Inventions 2020, 5, 41 .
AMA StyleLuís Miguel Ferreira, A. Paulo Coimbra, Aníbal T. De Almeida. Autonomous System for Wildfire and Forest Fire Early Detection and Control. Inventions. 2020; 5 (3):41.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuís Miguel Ferreira; A. Paulo Coimbra; Aníbal T. De Almeida. 2020. "Autonomous System for Wildfire and Forest Fire Early Detection and Control." Inventions 5, no. 3: 41.
Electroencephalography (EEG) has a wide range of applications in medical diagnosis, and novel form of Human Machine Interfaces (HMI) for controlling prosthetic implants, wheelchairs, and home appliances in various forms of paralysis. However, the current EEG setups are composed of many wires hanging down from the system, and individual electrodes that must be set manually, which is time-consuming. As a result, the overall system is neither comfortable, nor aesthetically appealing. Here, we introduce for the first time, a comfortable textile-based EEG headband system that is soft, conformal to the skin, and comfortable. We present materials and methods for fabrication of multi-layer stretchable e-textile, that interfaces the human epidermis from one side through printed electrodes, and interfaces a rigid PCB island on the second layer. We as well demonstrate a method that allows creation of VIAs (vertical interconnect access) between the layers, using a CO2 laser. All Electrodes are integrated into the headband, and thus there is no need for individual electrode placement, and individual wiring. By screen printing a home-made conductive stretchable ink, patient-specific EEG headbands can be tailor made considering the optimal positioning of the electrodes for each patient. We show that these printed electrodes benefit from a very low skin-electrode impedance, comparable to gold standard Ag/AgCl, or gold cup electrodes, thanks to the high surface area silver flakes used in this work. The e-textile headband interfaces with an EEG acquisition device that captures, amplifies, and transmits the data to an external mobile phone or a PC. Furthermore, the integrated amplification in the textile and the use of an EMF rejection layer on top of the electrodes were shown to reduce the unwanted EM noise that is picked up by the system. We as well show application of the developed headband for usage in Human Machine Interfaces and Sleep Data Acquisition. Altogether, this device is step toward wider use of EEG acquisition devices for daily-use applications.
Manuel Reis Carneiro; Anibal T. de Almeida; Mahmoud Tavakoli. Wearable and Comfortable e-Textile Headband for Long-Term Acquisition of Forehead EEG Signals. IEEE Sensors Journal 2020, 20, 15107 -15116.
AMA StyleManuel Reis Carneiro, Anibal T. de Almeida, Mahmoud Tavakoli. Wearable and Comfortable e-Textile Headband for Long-Term Acquisition of Forehead EEG Signals. IEEE Sensors Journal. 2020; 20 (24):15107-15116.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManuel Reis Carneiro; Anibal T. de Almeida; Mahmoud Tavakoli. 2020. "Wearable and Comfortable e-Textile Headband for Long-Term Acquisition of Forehead EEG Signals." IEEE Sensors Journal 20, no. 24: 15107-15116.
A novel technique that permits, for the first time, fabrication of stretchable traces with linewidths as low as 20 µm and line‐spacing of 30 µm, based on simple coating and printing techniques, performed entirely at ambient condition, is demonstrated. By relying on existing inkjet printing technique, the proposed sinter‐free method is a step toward scalable fabrication of high‐resolution stretchable circuits, with application in logic gates, transparent conductors, and solar panels. This is accomplished by coating a layer of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) over an elastic substrate, inkjet printing a circuit with silver nanoparticle (AgNP) ink, and then coating the printed circuit with a thin film of eutectic gallium‐indium‐tin (Galinstan) alloy. The Galinstan coating selectively wets to the printed AgNPs, resulting in highly conductive (6.65 × 106 S m−1) circuits that can withstand over 100% of strain with a modest gauge factor of ≈2.7. The process does not need thermal sintering, thanks to the Galinstan fusion with AgNPs, thus being compatible with heat‐sensitive substrates. The PVA coating has a critical role as a hydrophilic surface that absorbs the water‐based ink but resists wetting of the Galinstan. This method is demonstrated over a variety of substrates, including ultrasoft polyurethanes, ultra‐stretchable styrene–ethylene/butylynestyrene, and polyimide.
André F. Silva; Hugo Paisana; Tânia Fernandes; Joana Rita Góis; Arménio Serra; Jorge F. J. Coelho; Aníbal T. De Almeida; Carmel Majidi; Mahmoud Tavakoli. High Resolution Soft and Stretchable Circuits with PVA/Liquid-Metal Mediated Printing. Advanced Materials Technologies 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleAndré F. Silva, Hugo Paisana, Tânia Fernandes, Joana Rita Góis, Arménio Serra, Jorge F. J. Coelho, Aníbal T. De Almeida, Carmel Majidi, Mahmoud Tavakoli. High Resolution Soft and Stretchable Circuits with PVA/Liquid-Metal Mediated Printing. Advanced Materials Technologies. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndré F. Silva; Hugo Paisana; Tânia Fernandes; Joana Rita Góis; Arménio Serra; Jorge F. J. Coelho; Aníbal T. De Almeida; Carmel Majidi; Mahmoud Tavakoli. 2020. "High Resolution Soft and Stretchable Circuits with PVA/Liquid-Metal Mediated Printing." Advanced Materials Technologies , no. : 1.
Recognition of the energy savings potential in motor driven systems has led to the development of energy efficiency testing and classification standards for motors and end-use equipment (e.g., pumps and fans) and the implementation of minimum energy performance regulations targeting them worldwide. However, these standards and regulations have been limited to components, disregarding the interaction between them. The energy savings achievable by addressing and improving the entire system are potentially much higher in relation to those achievable when considering individual components. Recently, an effort to develop standards in this regard was carried out by standardization bodies (IEC and ISO) leading to the publication of the IEC61800-9 Power Drive System standard series. The paper, in its first part, describes recent evolutions in electric motor energy-efficiency standards and in the implementation of related regulations worldwide. In the second part of the paper, using the latest energy efficiency test and classification standards, a comparative analysis of different energy-efficient motor technologies is presented. Using results from laboratory tests combined with data provided by manufacturers, different power drive systems are compared considering different operating points in two typical pumping systems. Estimated economic savings from a total cost of ownership perspective are presented.
João Fong; Fernando J. T. E. Ferreira; André M. Silva; Aníbal T. De Almeida. IEC61800-9 System Standards as a Tool to Boost the Efficiency of Electric Motor Driven Systems Worldwide. Inventions 2020, 5, 20 .
AMA StyleJoão Fong, Fernando J. T. E. Ferreira, André M. Silva, Aníbal T. De Almeida. IEC61800-9 System Standards as a Tool to Boost the Efficiency of Electric Motor Driven Systems Worldwide. Inventions. 2020; 5 (2):20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoão Fong; Fernando J. T. E. Ferreira; André M. Silva; Aníbal T. De Almeida. 2020. "IEC61800-9 System Standards as a Tool to Boost the Efficiency of Electric Motor Driven Systems Worldwide." Inventions 5, no. 2: 20.
Bioelectronics stickers that interface the human epidermis and collect electrophysiological data will constitute important tools in the future of healthcare. Rapid progress is enabled by novel fabrication methods for adhesive electronics patches that are soft, stretchable and conform to the human skin. Yet, the ultimate functionality of such systems still depends on rigid components such as silicon chips and the largest rigid component on these systems is usually the battery. In this work, we demonstrate a quickly deployable, untethered, battery-free, ultrathin (~5 μm) passive “electronic tattoo” that interfaces with the human skin for acquisition and transmission of physiological data. We show that the ultrathin film adapts well with the human skin, and allows an excellent signal to noise ratio, better than the gold-standard Ag/AgCl electrodes. To supply the required energy, we rely on a wireless power transfer (WPT) system, using a printed stretchable Ag-In-Ga coil, as well as printed biopotential acquisition electrodes. The tag is interfaced with data acquisition and communication electronics. This constitutes a “data-by-request” system. By approaching the scanning device to the applied tattoo, the patient’s electrophysiological data is read and stored to the caregiver device. The WPT device can provide more than 300 mW of measured power if it is transferred over the skin or 100 mW if it is implanted under the skin. As a case study, we transferred this temporary tattoo to the human skin and interfaced it with an electrocardiogram (ECG) device, which could send the volunteer’s heartbeat rate in real-time via Bluetooth.
José Alberto; Cristina Leal; Cláudio Fernandes; Pedro A. Lopes; Hugo Paisana; Aníbal Almeida; Mahmoud Tavakoli. Fully Untethered Battery-free Biomonitoring Electronic Tattoo with Wireless Energy Harvesting. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -11.
AMA StyleJosé Alberto, Cristina Leal, Cláudio Fernandes, Pedro A. Lopes, Hugo Paisana, Aníbal Almeida, Mahmoud Tavakoli. Fully Untethered Battery-free Biomonitoring Electronic Tattoo with Wireless Energy Harvesting. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Alberto; Cristina Leal; Cláudio Fernandes; Pedro A. Lopes; Hugo Paisana; Aníbal Almeida; Mahmoud Tavakoli. 2020. "Fully Untethered Battery-free Biomonitoring Electronic Tattoo with Wireless Energy Harvesting." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-11.
In this paper, a study of a tubular linear actuator with a hybrid core is presented. Through a finite-element analysis software and force measurements, it is shown that, by using a hybrid core combining a permanent magnet and a ferromagnetic material, a higher force density can be achieved in relation of that achieved by using a ferromagnetic core alone. Also, by keeping the ferromagnetic part, the sensorless detection of the core position is possible. A simple position control strategy is proposed, using the inductance variation to indirectly detect the position of the core, in which the duty cycle of the PWM voltage is changed to compensate variations of position or load force. In order to experimentally test the linear motor with hybrid core and the proposed control strategy, a prototype and a control circuit were built. The experimental results clearly demonstrate the advantages and applicability of the hybrid core in linear actuators.
José Alberto; Fernando J.T.E. Ferreira; Aníbal Almeida. Study of a linear actuator with a hybrid core using sensorless position control. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 2020, 305, 111919 .
AMA StyleJosé Alberto, Fernando J.T.E. Ferreira, Aníbal Almeida. Study of a linear actuator with a hybrid core using sensorless position control. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical. 2020; 305 ():111919.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Alberto; Fernando J.T.E. Ferreira; Aníbal Almeida. 2020. "Study of a linear actuator with a hybrid core using sensorless position control." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 305, no. : 111919.
Abagi, N., Erboy Ruff, Y., Smith, J.C. et al. “State of play and innovations in off-grid refrigeration technology: lessons learned from current initiatives” energy efficiency (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-019-09783-1 Azeem, F., Narejo, G.B. & Shah, U.A. “Integration of renewable distributed generation with storage and demand side load management in rural islanded microgrid” energy efficiency (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-018-9747-0 de Almeida, A., Moura, P. & Quaresma, N. “Energy efficient off-grid systems – review” energy efficiency (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-019-09813-y, . Ghenai, C. & Bettayeb, M. “Design and optimization of grid-tied and off-grid solar PV systems for super-efficient electrical appliances” energy efficiency (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-019-09773-3 Hansen, J. M., & Xydis, G. A. (2018). Rural electrification in Kenya. A useful case for remote areas in sub-Saharan Africa. Energy Efficiency, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-018-9756-z. Lai, E., Muir, S., & Erboy Ruff, Y. (2019). Off-grid appliance performance testing: results and trends for early-stage market development. Energy Efficiency, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-019-09793-z. Narayan, N., Qin, Z., Popovic-Gerber, J., et al. (2018). “Stochastic load profile construction for the multi-tier framework for household electricity access using off-grid DC appliances” energy efficiency. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-018-9725-6. Palaniappan, K., Veerapeneni, S., Cuzner, R.M. et al. “Viable residential DC microgrids combined with household smart AC and DC loads for underserved communities” energy efficiency (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-018-9771-0 Veerapaneni, S., Palaniappan, K. & Cuzner, R.M. “Analysis of solar and battery requirements for hybrid DC/AC powered households in the United States” energy efficiency (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-018-9749-y Download references Correspondence to Pedro S. Moura. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Reprints and Permissions De Almeida, A.T., Moura, P.S. Off-grid appliances and smart controls for energy access. Energy Efficiency (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-020-09848-6 Download citation Received: 03 January 2020 Accepted: 08 February 2020 Published: 20 February 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-020-09848-6
Aníbal T. De Almeida; Pedro S. Moura. Off-grid appliances and smart controls for energy access. Energy Efficiency 2020, 13, 193 -195.
AMA StyleAníbal T. De Almeida, Pedro S. Moura. Off-grid appliances and smart controls for energy access. Energy Efficiency. 2020; 13 (2):193-195.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAníbal T. De Almeida; Pedro S. Moura. 2020. "Off-grid appliances and smart controls for energy access." Energy Efficiency 13, no. 2: 193-195.
The existing model of LC filter integrated quasi‐Z source indirect matrix converter (QZS‐IMC) was derived using the DC circuit modeling method, which is mainly effective in DC circuit. As an ac circuit, the existing voltage boost ratio model of LC filter integrated QZS‐IMC exhibits a big error from the real boost ratio. Moreover, current amplitude and phase angle of QZS network were not considered in the existing model. This paper proposes a new comprehensive model of LC filter integrated QZS‐IMC taking into account the circuit's ac characteristics. The new model shows that voltage boost ratio is strongly related to QZS network inductance, capacitance, and frequency of input power supply. It can be concluded from the new model that the boost ratio is higher than 1/(1 − 2D), which is the boost ratio of existing model. Moreover, the new model shows that power factor affects voltage gain of QZS‐IMC system. The new model is compared with the existing model, circuit simulation, and experimental test. The results verify the new model and analysis.
Mingzhu Guo; Yushan Liu; Baoming Ge; Shuo Liu; Xiao Li; Fernando J.T.E. Ferreira; Aníbal Almeida. Modeling and analysis of LC filter integrated quasi‐Z source indirect matrix converter. International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 2020, 48, 567 -586.
AMA StyleMingzhu Guo, Yushan Liu, Baoming Ge, Shuo Liu, Xiao Li, Fernando J.T.E. Ferreira, Aníbal Almeida. Modeling and analysis of LC filter integrated quasi‐Z source indirect matrix converter. International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications. 2020; 48 (4):567-586.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMingzhu Guo; Yushan Liu; Baoming Ge; Shuo Liu; Xiao Li; Fernando J.T.E. Ferreira; Aníbal Almeida. 2020. "Modeling and analysis of LC filter integrated quasi‐Z source indirect matrix converter." International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 48, no. 4: 567-586.
The performance of three-phase induction motors is negatively affected when the supply voltages are unbalanced, which is a common situation in industrial facilities. The resulting unbalance of the motor phase currents leads to an increase of the motor vibration, slip, rotor losses, maximum phase current, and maximum temperature rise in the windings. In this paper, the phase current unbalance and the coil-side temperature rise in each stator slot of an induction motor with a reconfigurable delta-connected dual winding and unbalanced supply voltages, is investigated. This investigation is done for three different spatial displacement angles between the two partial windings, namely, 0, 20 and 40 electrical degrees, and is based on experimental results and on the distribution of the coil sides in the stator slots. The current-based motor derating curves as a function of voltage unbalance ratio for the three different spatial displacement angles are also presented. It was found that, for the tested 36-slot, delta-connected, dual-winding induction motor and the considered supply voltage unbalance, a spatial displacement angle between the two partial windings of 40 electrical degrees can reduce the maximum value of the per-unit per-slot average coil-side temperature rise and the phase current unbalance ratio.
Fernando J. T. E. Ferreira; José Miguel Mamede Albuquerque Vieira Alberto; Aníbal Almeida. Voltage Unbalance Impact on Coil-Side Temperature Rise in a Delta-Connected, Dual-Winding Induction Motor. 2020 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT) 2020, 925 -930.
AMA StyleFernando J. T. E. Ferreira, José Miguel Mamede Albuquerque Vieira Alberto, Aníbal Almeida. Voltage Unbalance Impact on Coil-Side Temperature Rise in a Delta-Connected, Dual-Winding Induction Motor. 2020 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT). 2020; ():925-930.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFernando J. T. E. Ferreira; José Miguel Mamede Albuquerque Vieira Alberto; Aníbal Almeida. 2020. "Voltage Unbalance Impact on Coil-Side Temperature Rise in a Delta-Connected, Dual-Winding Induction Motor." 2020 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT) , no. : 925-930.
Stretchable electronics stickers that adhere to the human skin and collect biopotentials are becoming increasingly popular for biomonitoring applications. Such stickers include electrodes, stretchable interconnects, silicon chips for processing and communication, and batteries. Here, we demonstrate a material architecture and fabrication technique for a multilayer, stretchable, low-cost, rapidly deployable, and disposable sticker that integrates skin-interfacing hydrogel electrodes, stretchable interconnects, and a Ag2O-Zn (silver oxide-zinc) battery. In addition, the application of a printed biphasic current collector (AgInGa) for the Ag2O-Zn battery is reported for the first time. Surprisingly, and unlike previously reported batteries, the battery capacity increases after being subjected to strain cycles and reaches a record-breaking areal capacity of 6.88 mAh cm-2 post stretch. As a proof of concept, an application of heart rate monitoring is presented. The disposable patch is interfaced with a miniature battery-free electronics circuit for data acquisition, processing, and wireless transmission. A version of the patch partially covering the patient's chest can supply enough energy for continuous operation for ∼6 days.
Cristina Leal; Pedro Lopes; Arménio Serra; Jorge F. J. Coelho; Aníbal Almeida; Mahmoud Tavakoli. Untethered Disposable Health Monitoring Electronic Patches with an Integrated Ag2O–Zn Battery, a AgInGa Current Collector, and Hydrogel Electrodes. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2019, 12, 3407 -3414.
AMA StyleCristina Leal, Pedro Lopes, Arménio Serra, Jorge F. J. Coelho, Aníbal Almeida, Mahmoud Tavakoli. Untethered Disposable Health Monitoring Electronic Patches with an Integrated Ag2O–Zn Battery, a AgInGa Current Collector, and Hydrogel Electrodes. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 2019; 12 (3):3407-3414.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristina Leal; Pedro Lopes; Arménio Serra; Jorge F. J. Coelho; Aníbal Almeida; Mahmoud Tavakoli. 2019. "Untethered Disposable Health Monitoring Electronic Patches with an Integrated Ag2O–Zn Battery, a AgInGa Current Collector, and Hydrogel Electrodes." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 12, no. 3: 3407-3414.
The existing single-phase, quasi-Z-source inverter (qZSI), photovoltaic (PV) power system with integrated battery energy storage (BES), abbreviated as BES-qZSI-PV power system, has several well-known advantages, but cannot operate at night because there is no PV power input. In this study, a solution to overcome this issue is proposed. First, the power circuit of the conventional BES-qZSI-PV topology is modified to allow its operation at both day and night. Then, the system model for the night-operation mode is built and a qZS network parameters’ design method to limit the double-line frequency harmonic at the dc side is developed. A control strategy to ensure the high-performance operation of the system at all times, is proposed. Based on an experimental platform of single-phase BES-qZSI-PV power system, three groups of experimental tests with different qZS network parameters and battery voltages are carried out to verify the model and parameters design method by means of comparing the experimental, circuit-based simulated, and model-based calculated results. The proposed BES-qZSI-PV system performance is experimentally evaluated in steady-state operation and day-to-night transit operation, as well as by the power efficiency curves in day- and night-modes.
Weihua Liang; Yushan Liu; Baoming Ge; Xiao Li; Fernando J.T.E. Ferreira; Anibal T. de Almeida. Night operation, analysis, and control of single‐phase quasi‐Z‐source photovoltaic power system. IET Renewable Power Generation 2019, 13, 2817 -2829.
AMA StyleWeihua Liang, Yushan Liu, Baoming Ge, Xiao Li, Fernando J.T.E. Ferreira, Anibal T. de Almeida. Night operation, analysis, and control of single‐phase quasi‐Z‐source photovoltaic power system. IET Renewable Power Generation. 2019; 13 (15):2817-2829.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWeihua Liang; Yushan Liu; Baoming Ge; Xiao Li; Fernando J.T.E. Ferreira; Anibal T. de Almeida. 2019. "Night operation, analysis, and control of single‐phase quasi‐Z‐source photovoltaic power system." IET Renewable Power Generation 13, no. 15: 2817-2829.
In this paper, several multiflux, three-phase induction motors, dual-winding configurations are experimentally analysed. Using a motor with two reconfigurable stator windings sharing the same slots, several dual-winding configurations with different spatial displacement between the two partial windings, are experimentally tested. A programmable voltage source is used to adjust the line-to-line voltage at the terminals of the motor so that the fundamental flux level is the same for all the configurations. Then, the experimentally determined value is compared to the calculated value of the electromotive force and the per-unit values of line-to-line voltage per flux or current per flux are measured and compared to simulated results. Finally, the locked-rotor impedance was measured in order to assess its variation with the fundamental winding factor.
José Miguel Mamede Albuquerque Vieira Alberto; Fernando J. T. E. Ferreira; Aníbal Almeida. Experimental Analysis of Three-Phase Induction Motors with Multiflux, Dual-Winding Configurations. IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society 2019, 1, 1046 -1051.
AMA StyleJosé Miguel Mamede Albuquerque Vieira Alberto, Fernando J. T. E. Ferreira, Aníbal Almeida. Experimental Analysis of Three-Phase Induction Motors with Multiflux, Dual-Winding Configurations. IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. 2019; 1 ():1046-1051.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Miguel Mamede Albuquerque Vieira Alberto; Fernando J. T. E. Ferreira; Aníbal Almeida. 2019. "Experimental Analysis of Three-Phase Induction Motors with Multiflux, Dual-Winding Configurations." IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society 1, no. : 1046-1051.
The electric motor market has witnessed a major change in the last decade in several aspects: in structure, with company mergers contributing to a more global market, in content with energy-efficiency policies, and in its economy due to increasing electricity prices, all aspects contributing to push the market towards more energy-efficient electric motors. Additionally, the growing market penetration of Variable Speed Drives (VSD), introducing large energy savings in systems with variable loads, was accompanied by a growing concern over their operating efficiency in full and especially in part-load, as well as in stand-by mode. A Motor Driven Unit (MDU) consists of the core components of a motor system: electric motor, variable speed drive (VSD), mechanical transmission and end-use application, like a pump or fan. Regulating the entire Motor Driven Unit (MDU) would translate into 1400 TWh of cost-effective electricity savings (7% of the World motor systems electricity consumption), with a corresponding reduction in emissions of 469 Mton of CO2eq by 2040. Even larger potential energy savings can be made available by the optimization of the entire motor systems, which translates into 3100 TWh of global electricity savings by 2040. Still to date, Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) have been mostly targeted at individual components only. Difficulties arise in the standardization of measuring and classifying the entire MDU but the larger energy savings achievable by the motor system is leading to the launch a combined system standard by the International Electrotechnical Committee (IEC) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). MEPS and standardization at the component and MDU level must be carefully complemented to achieve the maximum energy savings and carbon emission reductions. This paper carries out novel technical, economic and environmental analyses of introducing new policy measures (standards and MEPS) for both individual components and MDUs.
A. De Almeida; J. Fong; C.U. Brunner; R. Werle; M. Van Werkhoven. New technology trends and policy needs in energy efficient motor systems - A major opportunity for energy and carbon savings. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2019, 115, 109384 .
AMA StyleA. De Almeida, J. Fong, C.U. Brunner, R. Werle, M. Van Werkhoven. New technology trends and policy needs in energy efficient motor systems - A major opportunity for energy and carbon savings. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2019; 115 ():109384.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. De Almeida; J. Fong; C.U. Brunner; R. Werle; M. Van Werkhoven. 2019. "New technology trends and policy needs in energy efficient motor systems - A major opportunity for energy and carbon savings." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 115, no. : 109384.