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The use of low efficient cookstoves has several severe negative impacts. Burning solid fuels kills about 4 million people every year, a number which is higher than the combined impact of HIV-AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis. Moreover, most of the people affected are located in rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa and other developing countries, where over 80% of the population still relies on biomass as their primary source of energy, being the electricity access only 43%. Low-efficiency cooking systems are also a major source of greenhouse gas emissions since solid fuel cooking in Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for 1.2 and 6% of global CO2 and black carbon emissions, respectively. Furthermore, widespread biomass collection by an increasing population in Sub-Saharan Africa is unsustainable, contributing to deforestation. Therefore, the impact of using traditional cooking systems is a challenge for the achievement of sustainable development targets in Sub-Saharan Africa and as a whole globally. There are several cooking technologies used in those rural locations, but there are no clear frameworks or polices to support sustainable cooking options, as well as a guide for users. This paper assesses several cooking technologies with its associated fuels and evaluated each technology in terms of energy consumption, CO2 emissions, health impacts and costs. It was concluded that compared with traditional wood fuel cookstoves, electric cookstoves can reduce the energy consumption by 95.7%, CO2 emissions by 100% (assuming renewable carbon-free electricity) and the life cycle cost by 94%, also avoiding over 180 mg/m3 PM2.5 concentrations per/household per year. Also, this paper indicates that a strong and collective effort is necessary from key stakeholders to switch from traditional and unsustainable cooking technologies and fuels to cleaner and sustainable cooking systems.
Yohannes Biru Aemro; Pedro Moura; Aníbal T. de Almeida. Inefficient cooking systems a challenge for sustainable development: a case of rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa. Environment, Development and Sustainability 2021, 23, 14697 -14721.
AMA StyleYohannes Biru Aemro, Pedro Moura, Aníbal T. de Almeida. Inefficient cooking systems a challenge for sustainable development: a case of rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa. Environment, Development and Sustainability. 2021; 23 (10):14697-14721.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYohannes Biru Aemro; Pedro Moura; Aníbal T. de Almeida. 2021. "Inefficient cooking systems a challenge for sustainable development: a case of rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa." Environment, Development and Sustainability 23, no. 10: 14697-14721.
Aníbal T. de Almeida; Pedro Moura; Nuno Quaresma. Off-Grid Sustainable Energy Systems for Rural Electrification. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals 2021, 943 -964.
AMA StyleAníbal T. de Almeida, Pedro Moura, Nuno Quaresma. Off-Grid Sustainable Energy Systems for Rural Electrification. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. 2021; ():943-964.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAníbal T. de Almeida; Pedro Moura; Nuno Quaresma. 2021. "Off-Grid Sustainable Energy Systems for Rural Electrification." Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals , no. : 943-964.
University campuses are normally constituted of large buildings responsible for high energy demand, and are also important as demonstration sites for new technologies and systems. This paper presents the results of achieving energy sustainability in a testbed composed of a set of four buildings that constitute the Telecommunications Engineering School of the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. In the paper, after characterizing the consumption of university buildings for a complete year, different options to achieve more sustainable use of energy are presented, considering the integration of renewable generation sources, namely photovoltaic generation, and monitoring and controlling electricity demand. To ensure the implementation of the desired monitoring and control, an internet of things (IoT) platform based on wireless sensor network (WSN) infrastructure was designed and installed. Such a platform supports a smart system to control the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) and lighting systems in buildings. Furthermore, the paper presents the developed IoT-based platform, as well as the implemented services. As a result, the paper illustrates how providing old existing buildings with the appropriate technology can contribute to the objective of transforming such buildings into nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEB) at a low cost.
Pedro Moura; José Moreno; Gregorio López López; Manuel Alvarez-Campana. IoT Platform for Energy Sustainability in University Campuses. Sensors 2021, 21, 357 .
AMA StylePedro Moura, José Moreno, Gregorio López López, Manuel Alvarez-Campana. IoT Platform for Energy Sustainability in University Campuses. Sensors. 2021; 21 (2):357.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro Moura; José Moreno; Gregorio López López; Manuel Alvarez-Campana. 2021. "IoT Platform for Energy Sustainability in University Campuses." Sensors 21, no. 2: 357.
Worldwide, about 3 billion people, mainly located in rural areas, do not have access to clean cooking, due to lack of electricity access, low availability and affordability of clean cooking technologies. Most clean cookstoves are claimed to be energy-efficient and cost-effective, but there is a lack of independent comparative analysis with different food types and different cookstoves. This paper assesses the energy consumption, energy costs, efficiency, energy outputs/inputs, Net Present Values (NPV), and heat transfer behaviors of two electric resistance cookstoves (one locally manufactured in Ethiopia and a single hot plate), induction stoves and pressure cookers. Additionally, the temperature and energy consumption were monitored throughout the cooking process for each of the technologies and foods considered. The investigation assessed Ethiopian traditional foods, such as shiro, rice cooking and water boiling. The results indicate that pressure cookers provide a lower energy difference between the output and input, higher water boiling efficiency and lower energy costs, whereas locally manufactured products resulted in higher energy difference, lower water boiling efficiency, and higher energy costs. Concerning NPVs, the Single Hot Plate presents a better cost-benefit ratio compared with the other cookstoves options. Additionally, this paper highlights the policy and strategies that should be followed for the promotion of electric clean cooking technologies.
Yohannes Biru Aemro; Pedro Moura; Aníbal T. de Almeida. Experimental evaluation of electric clean cooking options for rural areas of developing countries. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 2020, 43, 100954 .
AMA StyleYohannes Biru Aemro, Pedro Moura, Aníbal T. de Almeida. Experimental evaluation of electric clean cooking options for rural areas of developing countries. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments. 2020; 43 ():100954.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYohannes Biru Aemro; Pedro Moura; Aníbal T. de Almeida. 2020. "Experimental evaluation of electric clean cooking options for rural areas of developing countries." Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 43, no. : 100954.
Energy access is critical for health, education and social welfare improvements. In countries like Ethiopia, with a low electrification rate and with the majority of the population located in rural areas, about 76% of primary schools do not have access to electricity. This limits the hours of classes and does not allow the use of basic or modern teaching resources. Off-grid solutions have emerged as potential cost-effective alternatives to electrify rural areas and schools, but the availability of off-grid appliances and the size of the system can lead to different solutions. Therefore, this study proposes a DC microgrid system to supply the electricity demand of a rural school located in Ethiopia, considering load estimation scenarios with standard and high-efficiency appliances. The simulation results show that the designed DC microgrid is a valid option to electrify the rural school under each load and generation scenarios. The system costs were also evaluated, and the high-efficiency appliances option has a 51% lower cost. The study also applies to other sub-Saharan countries in the region with very low energy access rates and abundant solar energy, thus giving a large contribution to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Education Goal 4 (SDG 4).
Yohannes Biru Aemro; Pedro Moura; Aníbal T. De Almeida. Design and Modeling of a Standalone DC-Microgrid for Off-Grid Schools in Rural Areas of Developing Countries. Energies 2020, 13, 6379 .
AMA StyleYohannes Biru Aemro, Pedro Moura, Aníbal T. De Almeida. Design and Modeling of a Standalone DC-Microgrid for Off-Grid Schools in Rural Areas of Developing Countries. Energies. 2020; 13 (23):6379.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYohannes Biru Aemro; Pedro Moura; Aníbal T. De Almeida. 2020. "Design and Modeling of a Standalone DC-Microgrid for Off-Grid Schools in Rural Areas of Developing Countries." Energies 13, no. 23: 6379.
Today’s cities are estimated to generate 80% of global GDP, covering only about 3% of the land, but contributing to about 72% of all global greenhouse gas emissions. Cities face significant challenges, such as population growth, pollution, congestion, lack of physical and social infrastructures, while trying to simultaneously meet sustainable energy and environmental requirements. The Smart City concept intends to address these challenges by identifying new and intelligent ways to manage the complexity of urban living and implement solutions for multidisciplinary problems in cities. With the increasing number of Smart City projects being implemented around the world, it is important to evaluate their strengths and weaknesses for their future improvement and evolution track record. It is, therefore, crucial to characterize and improve the proper tools to adequately evaluate these implementations. Following the Smart City implementation growth, several Smart City Assessment tools with different indicator sets have been developed. This work presents a literature review on Smart City Assessment tools, discussing their main gaps in order to improve future methodologies and tools. Smart City Assessment can deliver important performance indicators monitoring for the evaluation of multiple benefits for different actors and stakeholders, such as city authorities, investors and funding agencies, researchers, and citizens.
Carlos Patrão; Pedro Moura; Anibal T. De Almeida. Review of Smart City Assessment Tools. Smart Cities 2020, 3, 1117 -1132.
AMA StyleCarlos Patrão, Pedro Moura, Anibal T. De Almeida. Review of Smart City Assessment Tools. Smart Cities. 2020; 3 (4):1117-1132.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Patrão; Pedro Moura; Anibal T. De Almeida. 2020. "Review of Smart City Assessment Tools." Smart Cities 3, no. 4: 1117-1132.
Many University campuses have been decreasing the environmental impacts and costs associated with electricity consumption through the implementation of energy efficiency programs, as well as the installation of renewable energy generation. As a next step, such buildings must be equipped with technologies able to provide the flexibility required to increase the matching between renewable generation and demand in order to enable large-scale integration of renewable generation. With such objective, this paper presents a microgrid constituted by photovoltaic generation, lithium-ion battery storage, unidirectional and bi-directional charging of electric vehicles and controllers for the space conditioning systems. Such microgrid was implemented in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering - University of Coimbra, for supporting sustainable energy systems operation, ensuring the optimized integration of renewable generation in large buildings. Simultaneously, the microgrid enables the assessment of new smart grid solutions, acting as a testbed for the research developed on flexibility options for future power systems.
Pedro Moura; Alexandre Correia; Joaquim Delgado; Paula Fonseca; Anibal De Almeida. University Campus Microgrid for Supporting Sustainable Energy Systems Operation. 2020 IEEE/IAS 56th Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS) 2020, 1 -7.
AMA StylePedro Moura, Alexandre Correia, Joaquim Delgado, Paula Fonseca, Anibal De Almeida. University Campus Microgrid for Supporting Sustainable Energy Systems Operation. 2020 IEEE/IAS 56th Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS). 2020; ():1-7.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro Moura; Alexandre Correia; Joaquim Delgado; Paula Fonseca; Anibal De Almeida. 2020. "University Campus Microgrid for Supporting Sustainable Energy Systems Operation." 2020 IEEE/IAS 56th Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS) , no. : 1-7.
West Africa holds some of the lowest electrification rates in sub-Saharan Africa with high disparities among countries and between urban and rural areas. Despite long-standing efforts to scale-up electrification levels, overall progress remains slow and highly cost-ineffective. Hence, it is crucial that electricity planning processes primarily address the questions of the complementarity between utility-scale and decentralised generation. This paper applies the Open Source Spatial Electrification Tool (OnSSET) to two ECOWAS countries – Burkina Faso and Côte d’Ivoire – with the aim of determining the optimal combination of grid-connected and off-grid systems to serve rural and urban demand by 2030, using high-resolution geospatial data. This country-wide analysis highlights the fundamental role of off-grid solar photovoltaics and wind technologies in bridging the electricity access gap, particularly in Burkina Faso. Additionally, cheaper electricity costs in Côte d’Ivoire could be taken advantage of through enhanced cross-border exchanges between the two countries.
Mounirah Bissiri; Pedro Moura; Nuno Carvalho Figueiredo; Patricia Pereira da Silva. A geospatial approach towards defining cost-optimal electrification pathways in West Africa. Energy 2020, 200, 117471 .
AMA StyleMounirah Bissiri, Pedro Moura, Nuno Carvalho Figueiredo, Patricia Pereira da Silva. A geospatial approach towards defining cost-optimal electrification pathways in West Africa. Energy. 2020; 200 ():117471.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMounirah Bissiri; Pedro Moura; Nuno Carvalho Figueiredo; Patricia Pereira da Silva. 2020. "A geospatial approach towards defining cost-optimal electrification pathways in West Africa." Energy 200, no. : 117471.
Abagi, N., Erboy Ruff, Y., Smith, J.C. et al. “State of play and innovations in off-grid refrigeration technology: lessons learned from current initiatives” energy efficiency (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-019-09783-1 Azeem, F., Narejo, G.B. & Shah, U.A. “Integration of renewable distributed generation with storage and demand side load management in rural islanded microgrid” energy efficiency (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-018-9747-0 de Almeida, A., Moura, P. & Quaresma, N. “Energy efficient off-grid systems – review” energy efficiency (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-019-09813-y, . Ghenai, C. & Bettayeb, M. “Design and optimization of grid-tied and off-grid solar PV systems for super-efficient electrical appliances” energy efficiency (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-019-09773-3 Hansen, J. M., & Xydis, G. A. (2018). Rural electrification in Kenya. A useful case for remote areas in sub-Saharan Africa. Energy Efficiency, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-018-9756-z. Lai, E., Muir, S., & Erboy Ruff, Y. (2019). Off-grid appliance performance testing: results and trends for early-stage market development. Energy Efficiency, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-019-09793-z. Narayan, N., Qin, Z., Popovic-Gerber, J., et al. (2018). “Stochastic load profile construction for the multi-tier framework for household electricity access using off-grid DC appliances” energy efficiency. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-018-9725-6. Palaniappan, K., Veerapeneni, S., Cuzner, R.M. et al. “Viable residential DC microgrids combined with household smart AC and DC loads for underserved communities” energy efficiency (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-018-9771-0 Veerapaneni, S., Palaniappan, K. & Cuzner, R.M. “Analysis of solar and battery requirements for hybrid DC/AC powered households in the United States” energy efficiency (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-018-9749-y Download references Correspondence to Pedro S. Moura. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Reprints and Permissions De Almeida, A.T., Moura, P.S. Off-grid appliances and smart controls for energy access. Energy Efficiency (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-020-09848-6 Download citation Received: 03 January 2020 Accepted: 08 February 2020 Published: 20 February 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-020-09848-6
Aníbal T. De Almeida; Pedro S. Moura. Off-grid appliances and smart controls for energy access. Energy Efficiency 2020, 13, 193 -195.
AMA StyleAníbal T. De Almeida, Pedro S. Moura. Off-grid appliances and smart controls for energy access. Energy Efficiency. 2020; 13 (2):193-195.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAníbal T. De Almeida; Pedro S. Moura. 2020. "Off-grid appliances and smart controls for energy access." Energy Efficiency 13, no. 2: 193-195.
The decarbonization of the power sector has led many academic, governmental and non-governmental institutions to design scenarios with 100% renewable energy and several options to compensate the mismatch between demand and generation have been presented. This paper addresses the benefits to renewable energy integration ensured by the complementarity, and flexibility options, such as demand-side management and batteries. A non-linear multi-objective problem is proposed that maximizes the complementarity and minimizes the total expansion cost. The model also optimizes the battery integration, complementarity between sources and regions, costs, demand-side management, hydropower storage requirements and spatial technology distribution with hourly resolution. The methodology is implemented for the Brazilian case and a scenario able to guarantee three consecutive years of extreme drought in 2050 is presented, without the need of new large reservoirs. Such scenario is ensured with 10% of solar energy, 43% of wind energy, 4.3% of biomass, 41% of hydropower and 1.7% of demand-side management.
Thiago Luz; Pedro Moura. 100% Renewable energy planning with complementarity and flexibility based on a multi-objective assessment. Applied Energy 2019, 255, 113819 .
AMA StyleThiago Luz, Pedro Moura. 100% Renewable energy planning with complementarity and flexibility based on a multi-objective assessment. Applied Energy. 2019; 255 ():113819.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThiago Luz; Pedro Moura. 2019. "100% Renewable energy planning with complementarity and flexibility based on a multi-objective assessment." Applied Energy 255, no. : 113819.
Globally, around 1.1 billion people do not have access to electricity and 84% of the population who do not have modern energy access are living in rural and remote areas of developing countries. Since the loads are far from the grid and providing the connection by extending from the main grid requires a high investment associated with long and costly transmission and distribution lines, addressing the problem requires innovative solutions. Therefore, off-grid microgrid systems, using solar photovoltaic and storage systems, integrated with very high-efficiency lighting appliances, are a promising solution to supply energy for rural and remote location in areas which lack access to the electric grid. This paper presents an overview on the existing solar photovoltaic technologies for off-grid systems including the most recent plug and play solutions. A characterization of the most common strategies used for control, communication and metering of microgrids is presented, as well as the recent evolution of the associated component technologies. The security and protection systems used to protect the system against theft or robbery of the systems itself or energy theft in remote areas are also addressed. Additionally, a resumed characterization of the sociologic profile and motivation of people to damage off-grid systems is presented. An overview on the main off-grid appliance market evolution and efficiency trends, in terms of energy efficiency, is also addressed in this paper. Finally, a set of recommendations to promote cost-effective systems is made, considering the market evolution path and the large growth potential of off-grid systems. There is an urgent need to reduce the total system costs, namely the soft costs of new microgrid systems in order to further accelerate the market growth, as well as widely accepted open standards to regulate and develop the market.
Aníbal de Almeida; Pedro Moura; Nuno Quaresma. Energy-efficient off-grid systems—review. Energy Efficiency 2019, 13, 349 -376.
AMA StyleAníbal de Almeida, Pedro Moura, Nuno Quaresma. Energy-efficient off-grid systems—review. Energy Efficiency. 2019; 13 (2):349-376.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAníbal de Almeida; Pedro Moura; Nuno Quaresma. 2019. "Energy-efficient off-grid systems—review." Energy Efficiency 13, no. 2: 349-376.
The positive impact of the complementarity between renewable generation sources has been presented in several studies, but this concept has been neglected in many studies of expansion planning. This paper presents a new approach to introduce the complementarity between renewable energy resources and regions into the expansion planning for 100% renewable energy systems. A novel objective function is proposed to optimize the electricity mix and the water flow of hydropower reservoirs, considering the daily and yearly variations. A case study is presented with the objective of assessing the optimum mix (for the complementarity perspective) between solar, wind, hydro, and biomass power to ensure the expected monthly and hourly energy demand for Brazil in 2050. In the Brazilian case, when the complementarity between regions was considered, it was possible to ensure the electricity demand increase without new large reservoirs and with a high contribution from all renewable generation sources. A mix to ensure the daily and annual demand in 2050, which promotes the best complementarity, is presented, resulting in a share of 27%, 16%, 34%, and 23% for photovoltaic, wind, hydro, and biomass power, respectively.
Thiago Da Luz; Pedro Moura. Power generation expansion planning with complementarity between renewable sources and regions for 100% renewable energy systems. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2019, 29, 1 .
AMA StyleThiago Da Luz, Pedro Moura. Power generation expansion planning with complementarity between renewable sources and regions for 100% renewable energy systems. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems. 2019; 29 (7):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThiago Da Luz; Pedro Moura. 2019. "Power generation expansion planning with complementarity between renewable sources and regions for 100% renewable energy systems." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 29, no. 7: 1.
Data centers are the backbone of a growing number of activities in modern economies. However, the large increase of digital content, big data, e-commerce, and Internet traffic is also making data centers one of the fastest-growing users of electricity. The total energy consumption of data centers corresponded to almost 1.5% of the global electricity consumption and has an approximated annual growth rate of 4.3%. Therefore, it is very important to increase the energy efficiency in data centers with actions such as power usage management, server consolidation, energy-efficient components and systems, as well as demand response programs and renewable energy sources. Small and medium data centers account for more than 50% of the total electricity consumption in this sector. In fact, surveys indicate that this data center profile waste more energy than larger facilities. Nevertheless, existing studies tend to be focused on the energy-related issues for large data centers rather than small and medium data centers. Therefore, through a meticulous state-of-the-art literature review of data centers energy efficiency and demand response perspectives, this paper aims to present how an intensive energy consumer, such as small and medium data centers, can become more efficient from the energy point of view and how they can take advantage of demand response programs to decrease costs and to cooperate with the grid to ensure higher reliability and sustainable development goals.
Thiago Lara Vasques; Pedro Moura; Aníbal Almeida. A review on energy efficiency and demand response with focus on small and medium data centers. Energy Efficiency 2018, 12, 1399 -1428.
AMA StyleThiago Lara Vasques, Pedro Moura, Aníbal Almeida. A review on energy efficiency and demand response with focus on small and medium data centers. Energy Efficiency. 2018; 12 (5):1399-1428.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThiago Lara Vasques; Pedro Moura; Aníbal Almeida. 2018. "A review on energy efficiency and demand response with focus on small and medium data centers." Energy Efficiency 12, no. 5: 1399-1428.
Objetivo: realizar un estudio descriptivo sobre Cáncer Colorrectal en Cova da Beira Portugal y el valor pronóstico de BCL2 en asociación con la localización del tumor, Estadificación TNM, y tipo histológico. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó un estudio en 29 pacientes que tuvieron cirugía curativa para la escisión de Cáncer Colon Rectal (CCR) en Centro Hospitalario Cova da Beira con el objetivo de verificar si la presencia de la oncoproteína BCL2 en células neoplásicas es un factor predictivo del pronóstico, verificando también si es predictivo de la estadificación TNM, localización y diferenciación celular en el Cáncer Colon Rectal. Resultados: los hallazgos de este estudio coinciden con lo reportado en la literatura, se encontró que la incidencia del CCR es mayor en hombres que en mujeres, el riesgo de la enfermedad aumenta con la edad y la localización más frecuente de lesión neoplásica es en la porción izquierda del colon, con un total de 26 casos (89,65%). Además, se encontró asociación estadística de la expresión de BCL2 con el pronóstico y con la diferenciación histológica. Conclusión: a pesar de las limitaciones de este estudio, los datos hallados guardan relación con lo reportado en la literatura y establecen una asociación estadística de la expresión de BCL2 con el pronóstico y con la diferenciación histológica.
Pedro Fernandes Moura; Juan Felipe Zapata Martinez; Javier Muñoz Moreno. Estudio descriptivo sobre Cáncer Colorrectal en Cova da Beira Portugal y el valor pronóstico de BCL2 en asociación con la localización del tumor, Estadificación TNM, y tipo histológico. Archivos de Medicina (Manizales) 2018, 18, 289 -298.
AMA StylePedro Fernandes Moura, Juan Felipe Zapata Martinez, Javier Muñoz Moreno. Estudio descriptivo sobre Cáncer Colorrectal en Cova da Beira Portugal y el valor pronóstico de BCL2 en asociación con la localización del tumor, Estadificación TNM, y tipo histológico. Archivos de Medicina (Manizales). 2018; 18 (2):289-298.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro Fernandes Moura; Juan Felipe Zapata Martinez; Javier Muñoz Moreno. 2018. "Estudio descriptivo sobre Cáncer Colorrectal en Cova da Beira Portugal y el valor pronóstico de BCL2 en asociación con la localización del tumor, Estadificación TNM, y tipo histológico." Archivos de Medicina (Manizales) 18, no. 2: 289-298.
According to the World Health Organization, nearly 3 billion people burn wood, crop wastes, charcoal, coal and animal dung to meet their day to day energy needs and among these nearly 1.3 billion people do not have electricity access. More than 80% of the population suffering from energy poverty are living in rural areas of developing countries, such as in East Africa. On the other hand, the potential of renewable energy resources in East African countries is huge. However, such resources are usually intermittent and therefore the use of renewable energy sources to provide modern energy access with a good reliability level, for the remote locations with lack of energy access, is still an issue. With this regard, one of the emerging technologies to solve accessibility of energy in rural and remote areas is DC-microgrids. This paper assessed the use of off-grid systems in different developing countries and presents the results in improving energy access, especially in rural and remote locations. The results indicate that the experience of some Asian countries and Tanzania in East Africa could be a good example for other East African countries to invest in off-grid systems and address energy access problems in their rural and remote locations. On the other hand, there are challenges related to financing and lack of trained man power in East African countries.
Yohannes Aemro; Pedro Moura; Anibal T. De Almeida. DC-Microgrids As a Means of Rural Development in East African Countries. Volume 1: Fuels, Combustion, and Material Handling; Combustion Turbines Combined Cycles; Boilers and Heat Recovery Steam Generators; Virtual Plant and Cyber-Physical Systems; Plant Development and Construction; Renewable Energy Systems 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleYohannes Aemro, Pedro Moura, Anibal T. De Almeida. DC-Microgrids As a Means of Rural Development in East African Countries. Volume 1: Fuels, Combustion, and Material Handling; Combustion Turbines Combined Cycles; Boilers and Heat Recovery Steam Generators; Virtual Plant and Cyber-Physical Systems; Plant Development and Construction; Renewable Energy Systems. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYohannes Aemro; Pedro Moura; Anibal T. De Almeida. 2018. "DC-Microgrids As a Means of Rural Development in East African Countries." Volume 1: Fuels, Combustion, and Material Handling; Combustion Turbines Combined Cycles; Boilers and Heat Recovery Steam Generators; Virtual Plant and Cyber-Physical Systems; Plant Development and Construction; Renewable Energy Systems , no. : 1.
The purpose of this study was to design a renovation plan for a university campus building (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering) with the aim to achieve nearly zero energy performance, ensuring a low specific demand (lower than 44 kWh/m2) and a high level of on-site renewable generation (equivalent to more than 20 per cent of the energy demand). The baseline demand was characterized based on energy audits, on smart metering data and on the existing building management system data, showing a recent reduction of the electricity demand owing to some implemented measures. The renovation plan was then designed with two main measures, the total replacement of the actual lighting by LEDs and the installation of a photovoltaic system (PV) with 78.8 kWp coupled with an energy storage system with 100 kWh of lithium-ion batteries. The designed renovation achieved energy savings of 20 per cent, with 27.5 per cent of the consumed energy supplied by the PV system. This will ensure a reduction of the specific energy of the building to only 30 kWh/m2, with 42.4 per cent savings on the net-energy demand. The designed renovation proves that it is possible to achieve nearly zero energy goals with cost-effective solutions, presenting the lighting renovation and the solar PV generation system a payback of 2.3 and 6.9 years, respectively. This study innovated by defining ambitious goals to achieve nearly zero energy levels and presenting a design based on a comprehensive lighting retrofit and PV generation, whereas other studies are mostly based on envelope refurbishment and behaviour changes.
Paula Fonseca; Pedro Moura; Humberto Jorge; Aníbal De Almeida. Sustainability in university campus: options for achieving nearly zero energy goals. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 2018, 19, 790 -816.
AMA StylePaula Fonseca, Pedro Moura, Humberto Jorge, Aníbal De Almeida. Sustainability in university campus: options for achieving nearly zero energy goals. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education. 2018; 19 (4):790-816.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaula Fonseca; Pedro Moura; Humberto Jorge; Aníbal De Almeida. 2018. "Sustainability in university campus: options for achieving nearly zero energy goals." International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 19, no. 4: 790-816.
Powertrain electrification is currently the best alternative to ensure sustainable energy efficient personal mobility, increasing the integration of intermittent Renewable Energy Sources (RES), improving air quality in urban centres, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector and their dependence on fossil energy sources. With the increasing number of Electric Vehicles (EVs) available from automotive manufacturers, one key question that arises is the capability of the electrical grid to feed the increasing energy demand of the EV fleet without major investments. This paper shows that a progressive penetration of EVs, even at a rapid rate, is perfectly possible for vehicles that offer autonomy, energy consumption and charging characteristics that are currently available in the market. This analysis is based on data acquired during a year, using a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PEV) as the only vehicle for a typical, Southern European Portuguese family. The energy consumption of a gasoline and electric vehicle is presented, as well as its impact on the household load pattern. An analysis of the impact on the grid is also presented, considering several penetration rates (100 thousand, 500 thousand and 1 million vehicles). As well as the avoided use of fossil fuel per vehicle and consequent reduction in overall emissions when compared with a conventional vehicle.
Joaquim Delgado; Ricardo Faria; Pedro Moura; Aníbal T. de Almeida. Impacts of plug-in electric vehicles in the portuguese electrical grid. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 2018, 62, 372 -385.
AMA StyleJoaquim Delgado, Ricardo Faria, Pedro Moura, Aníbal T. de Almeida. Impacts of plug-in electric vehicles in the portuguese electrical grid. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 2018; 62 ():372-385.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoaquim Delgado; Ricardo Faria; Pedro Moura; Aníbal T. de Almeida. 2018. "Impacts of plug-in electric vehicles in the portuguese electrical grid." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 62, no. : 372-385.
Thiago José da Luz; Pedro Moura; Aníbal Almeida. Multi-objective power generation expansion planning with high penetration of renewables. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2018, 81, 2637 -2643.
AMA StyleThiago José da Luz, Pedro Moura, Aníbal Almeida. Multi-objective power generation expansion planning with high penetration of renewables. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2018; 81 ():2637-2643.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThiago José da Luz; Pedro Moura; Aníbal Almeida. 2018. "Multi-objective power generation expansion planning with high penetration of renewables." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 81, no. : 2637-2643.
Within the necessary security requirements, access control measures are essential to provide adequate means to protect data from unauthorized accesses. However, current and traditional solutions are commonly based on predefined access policies and roles and are therefore inflexible by assuming uniform access control decisions through people's different type of devices, environments and situational conditions, and across enterprises, location and time. We live in an age of the mobile paradigm of anytime/anywhere access as the smartphone is the most ubiquitous device that people now hold. In this new age, access control models need to determine adaptable access decisions based on multiple factors aggregated at the moment of request and not just perform a predefined comparison of attributes. This paper presents a new access control model: SoTRAACE - Socio-Technical Risk-Adaptable Access Control Model. This model aggregates attributes from various domains to help performing a risk assessment that is balanced against the operational needs at the moment of each request, so to provide the most accurate and secure access decision. As a proof of concept, SoTRAACE is used to model and compare two different use case scenarios in the healthcare sector.
Pedro Moura; Paulo Fazendeiro; Pedro Marques; Ana Ferreira. SoTRAACE — Socio-technical risk-adaptable access control model. 2017 International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST) 2017, 1 -6.
AMA StylePedro Moura, Paulo Fazendeiro, Pedro Marques, Ana Ferreira. SoTRAACE — Socio-technical risk-adaptable access control model. 2017 International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST). 2017; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro Moura; Paulo Fazendeiro; Pedro Marques; Ana Ferreira. 2017. "SoTRAACE — Socio-technical risk-adaptable access control model." 2017 International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST) , no. : 1-6.
Filomeno M. Vieira; Pedro Moura; Aníbal Almeida. Energy storage system for self-consumption of photovoltaic energy in residential zero energy buildings. Renewable Energy 2017, 103, 308 -320.
AMA StyleFilomeno M. Vieira, Pedro Moura, Aníbal Almeida. Energy storage system for self-consumption of photovoltaic energy in residential zero energy buildings. Renewable Energy. 2017; 103 ():308-320.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFilomeno M. Vieira; Pedro Moura; Aníbal Almeida. 2017. "Energy storage system for self-consumption of photovoltaic energy in residential zero energy buildings." Renewable Energy 103, no. : 308-320.