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Nouf Alharbi
Department of Health Administration, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. BOX 145111 ZIP 4545, Saudi Arabia

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Journal article
Published: 09 June 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Background: The Capability Assessment for Diet and Activity (CADA) is a questionnaire that was developed in English and designed to measure the practical barriers and opportunities for diet and physical activity. Objective: This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the CADA questionnaire for the Arabic context in a sample of Saudi women employed at a university. Methods: The CADA was translated into Arabic using the forward and backward translation process. The Arabic version was then validated with a sample of 125 female Saudi participants. In order to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Arabic version, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was assessed, and a principal component analysis was performed. Results: The translated CADA had good psychometric quality. The content validity analysis revealed a representativeness score of 99.3% and a degree of clarity of 98.6%, indicating excellent compatibility. The principal component analysis showed a single-factor structure. Conclusions: The Arabic version of the CADA questionnaire is now available to assess opportunities to achieve a healthy diet and physical activity level as part of health behavior management, which can lead to more effective interventions for improving people’s health in Arabic-speaking countries.

ACS Style

Jwaher Alhaji; Ghareeb Alshuwaier; Nouf Alharbi; Abdulrahman Alaqil; Nora BinSultan; Wadi Alonazi. Translation and Validation of the Arabic Version of the Capability Assessment for Diet and Activity (CADA) Questionnaire in Saudi University Employed Women. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 6246 .

AMA Style

Jwaher Alhaji, Ghareeb Alshuwaier, Nouf Alharbi, Abdulrahman Alaqil, Nora BinSultan, Wadi Alonazi. Translation and Validation of the Arabic Version of the Capability Assessment for Diet and Activity (CADA) Questionnaire in Saudi University Employed Women. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (12):6246.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jwaher Alhaji; Ghareeb Alshuwaier; Nouf Alharbi; Abdulrahman Alaqil; Nora BinSultan; Wadi Alonazi. 2021. "Translation and Validation of the Arabic Version of the Capability Assessment for Diet and Activity (CADA) Questionnaire in Saudi University Employed Women." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12: 6246.

Journal article
Published: 09 May 2021 in Sustainability
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The management of healthcare waste requires a sustained and holistic approach involving a range of parties. This is challenging for governments, especially in developing countries, where waste management systems have limited capacities for addressing the issue. Using Saudi Arabia as a case study, this paper followed a multi-method approach, including policy analysis, observation, semi-structured interviews, and a focus group, to explore the country’s healthcare waste management system. The study estimated that Saudi government hospitals across the country, every year, throw away in landfills paper (27,000 tons), plastic (15,000 tons), food (10,000 tons), glass (8000 tons), and metal (7000 tons). Regrettably, all these tons of materials end up in landfills without any form of recycling. A number of challenges were identified, reflecting mainly the lack of a legal framework, waste training, coordination among stakeholders, and social responsibility. This study generated new knowledge about waste management systems by exploring how their performance is shaped by the processes occurring at the policy, organization, and individual levels.

ACS Style

Nouf Alharbi; Jawaher Alhaji; Malak Qattan. Toward Sustainable Environmental Management of Healthcare Waste: A Holistic Perspective. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5280 .

AMA Style

Nouf Alharbi, Jawaher Alhaji, Malak Qattan. Toward Sustainable Environmental Management of Healthcare Waste: A Holistic Perspective. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):5280.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nouf Alharbi; Jawaher Alhaji; Malak Qattan. 2021. "Toward Sustainable Environmental Management of Healthcare Waste: A Holistic Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 5280.

Journal article
Published: 24 August 2020 in Sustainability
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Early debates on the sustainability of food-plating systems in hospitals have concentrated mostly on plate waste food served, but not eaten. This study aims to address the need for more comprehensive studies on sustainable food services systems by expanding the concept of plate waste, to that of tray waste (organic and inorganic materials), through a case study of a hospital in Saudi Arabia. Tray waste arising at the ward level was audited for three weeks, covering 939 meals. It was found that, on average, each patient threw away 0.41, 0.30, 0.12, and 0.02 kg of food, plastic, paper, and metal, respectively, each day. All this equated to 4831 tons of food, 3535 tons of plastic, 1414 tons of paper, and 235 tons of metal each year at hospitals across Saudi Arabia. As all of this waste ends up in landfills, without any form of recycling, this study proposes the need for a more comprehensive, political approach that unites all food system stakeholders around a shared vision of responsible consumption and sustainable development.

ACS Style

Nouf Sahal Alharbi; Malak Yahia Qattan; Jawaher Haji Alhaji. Towards Sustainable Food Services in Hospitals: Expanding the Concept of ‘Plate Waste’ to ‘Tray Waste’. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6872 .

AMA Style

Nouf Sahal Alharbi, Malak Yahia Qattan, Jawaher Haji Alhaji. Towards Sustainable Food Services in Hospitals: Expanding the Concept of ‘Plate Waste’ to ‘Tray Waste’. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (17):6872.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nouf Sahal Alharbi; Malak Yahia Qattan; Jawaher Haji Alhaji. 2020. "Towards Sustainable Food Services in Hospitals: Expanding the Concept of ‘Plate Waste’ to ‘Tray Waste’." Sustainability 12, no. 17: 6872.

Journal article
Published: 11 February 2020 in Primary Care Diabetes
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BackgroundClinical practice guidelines are developed by healthcare policy makers and disseminated to practitioners in order to minimize practice variations and to improve the quality of care. Problems arise when there is a sole reliance on passive dissemination strategies such as mailing or publishing the guidelines, as these approaches do not usually lead to the adoption.ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the perspectives of the health care professionals toward the Saudi National Diabetes Guidelines in terms of awareness, adherence and their preferred dissemination and implementation strategies of the guideline.MethodA cross-sectional survey was conducted among physicians and nurses working in twenty primary health care centers in the city of Riyadh between February and March 2019.ResultsNearly half of the total 179 respondents reported that they were unaware of the guidelines (49.1%), and 92% of the remaining 91 participants who were aware of the guideline reported that they had first heard about it through their official mail. The mean scores ranked according to the most preferred methods for disseminating and implementing the diabetes guidelines were as follows: via reminder systems 4.35±0.74, financial incentives 4.33±0.65, and audit and feedback 4.27±0.58. On the other hand, the least favorable strategies were traditional education 3.79±0.96 and the distribution of the guideline by mail 3.13±0.95.ConclusionThe level of awareness of the diabetes guidelines among the primary health care professionals was suboptimal. This was more likely due to the Ministry of Health's reliance on passive implementation strategies. In order to have the guidelines translated into clinical practice, active and targeted implementation strategies such as reminder systems, audit and feedback must be considered by the Saudi health policy makers.

ACS Style

Nouf Sahal Alharbi; Musaad Alnashmi Alanazi. Perceptions of health care professionals towards clinical practice guidelines: The case of Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia. Primary Care Diabetes 2020, 14, 605 -609.

AMA Style

Nouf Sahal Alharbi, Musaad Alnashmi Alanazi. Perceptions of health care professionals towards clinical practice guidelines: The case of Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia. Primary Care Diabetes. 2020; 14 (6):605-609.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nouf Sahal Alharbi; Musaad Alnashmi Alanazi. 2020. "Perceptions of health care professionals towards clinical practice guidelines: The case of Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia." Primary Care Diabetes 14, no. 6: 605-609.

Review
Published: 04 May 2017 in Journal of Medical Internet Research
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Online access to computerized medical records has the potential to improve convenience, satisfaction, and care for patients, and to facilitate more efficient organization and delivery of care. The objective of this review is to explore the use and impact of having online access to computerized medical records and services for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in primary care. Multiple international databases including Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library were searched between 2004 and 2016. No limitations were placed on study design, though we applied detailed inclusion and exclusion criteria to each study. Thematic analysis was used to synthesize the evidence. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Toolkit was used to appraise study quality. A search identified 917 studies, of which 28 were included. Five themes were identified: (1) disparities in uptake by age, gender, ethnicity, educational attainment, and number of comorbidities, with young men in full-time employment using these services most; (2) improved health outcomes: glycemic control was improved, but blood pressure results were mixed; (3) self-management support from improved self-care and shared management occurred especially soon after diagnosis and when complications emerged. There was a generally positive effect on physician-patient relationships; (4) accessibility: patients valued more convenient access when online access to computerized medical records and services work; and (5) technical challenges, barriers to use, and system features that impacted patient and physician use. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Toolkit rated 3 studies as 100%, 19 studies as 75%, 4 studies as 50%, and 1 study scored only 25%. Patients valued online access to computerized medical records and services, although in its current state of development it may increase disparities. Online access to computerized medical records appears to be safe and is associated with improved glycemic control, but there was a lack of rigorous evidence in terms of positive health outcomes for other complications, such as blood pressure. Patients remain concerned about how these systems work, the rules, and timeliness of using these systems.

ACS Style

Freda Mold; Mary Raleigh; Nouf Sahal Alharbi; Simon De Lusignan. The impact of patient online access to computerized medical records (CMR) and services for Type 2 Diabetes: systematic review. (Preprint). Journal of Medical Internet Research 2017, 20, e235 .

AMA Style

Freda Mold, Mary Raleigh, Nouf Sahal Alharbi, Simon De Lusignan. The impact of patient online access to computerized medical records (CMR) and services for Type 2 Diabetes: systematic review. (Preprint). Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2017; 20 (7):e235.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Freda Mold; Mary Raleigh; Nouf Sahal Alharbi; Simon De Lusignan. 2017. "The impact of patient online access to computerized medical records (CMR) and services for Type 2 Diabetes: systematic review. (Preprint)." Journal of Medical Internet Research 20, no. 7: e235.

Review
Published: 04 May 2017
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BACKGROUND Online access to computerized medical records has the potential to improve convenience, satisfaction, and care for patients, and to facilitate more efficient organization and delivery of care. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to explore the use and impact of having online access to computerized medical records and services for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in primary care. METHODS Multiple international databases including Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library were searched between 2004 and 2016. No limitations were placed on study design, though we applied detailed inclusion and exclusion criteria to each study. Thematic analysis was used to synthesize the evidence. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Toolkit was used to appraise study quality. RESULTS A search identified 917 studies, of which 28 were included. Five themes were identified: (1) disparities in uptake by age, gender, ethnicity, educational attainment, and number of comorbidities, with young men in full-time employment using these services most; (2) improved health outcomes: glycemic control was improved, but blood pressure results were mixed; (3) self-management support from improved self-care and shared management occurred especially soon after diagnosis and when complications emerged. There was a generally positive effect on physician-patient relationships; (4) accessibility: patients valued more convenient access when online access to computerized medical records and services work; and (5) technical challenges, barriers to use, and system features that impacted patient and physician use. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Toolkit rated 3 studies as 100%, 19 studies as 75%, 4 studies as 50%, and 1 study scored only 25%. CONCLUSIONS Patients valued online access to computerized medical records and services, although in its current state of development it may increase disparities. Online access to computerized medical records appears to be safe and is associated with improved glycemic control, but there was a lack of rigorous evidence in terms of positive health outcomes for other complications, such as blood pressure. Patients remain concerned about how these systems work, the rules, and timeliness of using these systems.

ACS Style

Freda Mold; Mary Raleigh; Nouf Sahal Alharbi; Simon De Lusignan. The Impact of Patient Online Access to Computerized Medical Records and Services on Type 2 Diabetes: Systematic Review (Preprint). 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Freda Mold, Mary Raleigh, Nouf Sahal Alharbi, Simon De Lusignan. The Impact of Patient Online Access to Computerized Medical Records and Services on Type 2 Diabetes: Systematic Review (Preprint). . 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Freda Mold; Mary Raleigh; Nouf Sahal Alharbi; Simon De Lusignan. 2017. "The Impact of Patient Online Access to Computerized Medical Records and Services on Type 2 Diabetes: Systematic Review (Preprint)." , no. : 1.

Review
Published: 25 November 2016 in Journal of Medical Internet Research
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Background: Information technology–based interventions are increasingly being used to manage health care. However, there is conflicting evidence regarding whether these interventions improve outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes. Objective: The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials, assessing the impact of information technology on changes in the levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and mapping the interventions with chronic care model (CCM) elements. Methods: Electronic databases PubMed and EMBASE were searched to identify relevant studies that were published up until July 2016, a method that was supplemented by identifying articles from the references of the articles already selected using the electronic search tools. The study search and selection were performed by independent reviewers. Of the 1082 articles retrieved, 32 trials (focusing on a total of 40,454 patients) were included. A random-effects model was applied to estimate the pooled results. Results: Information technology–based interventions were associated with a statistically significant reduction in HbA1c levels (mean difference −0.33%, 95% CI −0.40 to −0.26, P<.001). Studies focusing on electronic self-management systems demonstrated the largest reduction in HbA1c (0.50%), followed by those with electronic medical records (0.17%), an electronic decision support system (0.15%), and a diabetes registry (0.05%). In addition, the more CCM-incorporated the information technology–based interventions were, the more improvements there were in HbA1c levels. Conclusions: Information technology strategies combined with the other elements of chronic care models are associated with improved glycemic control in people with diabetes. No clinically relevant impact was observed on low-density lipoprotein levels and blood pressure, but there was evidence that the cost of care was lower. [J Med Internet Res 2016;18(11):e310]

ACS Style

Nouf Sahal Alharbi; Nada Alsubki; Simon Jones; Kamlesh Khunti; Neil Munro; Simon De Lusignan; Mj Prietula; Karen Fitzner; Noemi Vigano. Impact of Information Technology–Based Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Glycemic Control: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2016, 18, e310 .

AMA Style

Nouf Sahal Alharbi, Nada Alsubki, Simon Jones, Kamlesh Khunti, Neil Munro, Simon De Lusignan, Mj Prietula, Karen Fitzner, Noemi Vigano. Impact of Information Technology–Based Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Glycemic Control: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2016; 18 (11):e310.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nouf Sahal Alharbi; Nada Alsubki; Simon Jones; Kamlesh Khunti; Neil Munro; Simon De Lusignan; Mj Prietula; Karen Fitzner; Noemi Vigano. 2016. "Impact of Information Technology–Based Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Glycemic Control: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Journal of Medical Internet Research 18, no. 11: e310.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2016 in Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
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Though there are few aspects where the care is delivered through parents, the need for self-management techniques is necessary and highlighted as the children spend most of their time in schools away from the parents.

ACS Style

Mohammed Alotaibi; Lamia Alibrahim; Nouf Alharbi. Challenges associated with treating children with diabetes in Saudi Arabia. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 2016, 120, 235 -240.

AMA Style

Mohammed Alotaibi, Lamia Alibrahim, Nouf Alharbi. Challenges associated with treating children with diabetes in Saudi Arabia. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2016; 120 ():235-240.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammed Alotaibi; Lamia Alibrahim; Nouf Alharbi. 2016. "Challenges associated with treating children with diabetes in Saudi Arabia." Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 120, no. : 235-240.

Review
Published: 01 November 2014 in Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
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We report trends in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity in adults residing in the Arabian Gulf States. Among the Saudi population, the prevalence of diabetes increased from 10.6% in 1989 to 32.1% in 2009. Prevalence of the disease increased faster among Saudi men than women, with growth rates of 0.8% and 0.6% per year, respectively

ACS Style

Nouf Sahal Alharbi; Reem Almutari; Simon Jones; Nasser Al-Daghri; Kamlesh Khunti; Simon de Lusignan. Trends in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity in the Arabian Gulf States: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 2014, 106, e30 -e33.

AMA Style

Nouf Sahal Alharbi, Reem Almutari, Simon Jones, Nasser Al-Daghri, Kamlesh Khunti, Simon de Lusignan. Trends in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity in the Arabian Gulf States: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2014; 106 (2):e30-e33.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nouf Sahal Alharbi; Reem Almutari; Simon Jones; Nasser Al-Daghri; Kamlesh Khunti; Simon de Lusignan. 2014. "Trends in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity in the Arabian Gulf States: Systematic review and meta-analysis." Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 106, no. 2: e30-e33.