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Shakil Mohammad Rifaat
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Islamic University of Technology Gazipur Bangladesh

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Original research paper
Published: 06 May 2021 in IET Intelligent Transport Systems
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To reduce passenger waiting time and driver search friction, ride‐hailing companies need to accurately forecast spatio‐temporal demand and supply‐demand gap. However, due to spatio‐temporal dependencies pertaining to demand and supply‐demand gap in a ride‐hailing system, making accurate forecasts for both demand and supply‐demand gap is a difficult task. Furthermore, due to confidentiality and privacy issues, ride‐hailing data are sometimes released to the researchers by removing spatial adjacency information of the zones, which hinders the detection of spatio‐temporal dependencies. To that end, a novel spatio‐temporal deep learning architecture is proposed in this paper for forecasting demand and supply‐demand gap in a ride‐hailing system with anonymised spatial adjacency information, which integrates feature importance layer with a spatio‐temporal deep learning architecture containing 1D convolutional neural network (CNN) and zone‐distributed independently recurrent neural network (IndRNN). The developed architecture is tested with real‐world datasets of Didi Chuxing, which shows that the models based on the proposed architecture can outperform conventional time‐series models (e.g. ARIMA) and machine learning models (e.g. gradient boosting machine, distributed random forest, generalized linear model, artificial neural network). Additionally, the feature importance layer provides an interpretation of the model by revealing the contribution of the input features utilized in prediction.

ACS Style

Hishamur Rahman; Shakil Mohammad Rifaat. Using spatio‐temporal deep learning for forecasting demand and supply‐demand gap in ride‐hailing system with anonymised spatial adjacency information. IET Intelligent Transport Systems 2021, 15, 941 -957.

AMA Style

Hishamur Rahman, Shakil Mohammad Rifaat. Using spatio‐temporal deep learning for forecasting demand and supply‐demand gap in ride‐hailing system with anonymised spatial adjacency information. IET Intelligent Transport Systems. 2021; 15 (7):941-957.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hishamur Rahman; Shakil Mohammad Rifaat. 2021. "Using spatio‐temporal deep learning for forecasting demand and supply‐demand gap in ride‐hailing system with anonymised spatial adjacency information." IET Intelligent Transport Systems 15, no. 7: 941-957.

Journal article
Published: 17 July 2020 in Sustainability
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The traffic on the roads in many countries has been increasing in recent decades, and the increases in congestion and carbon emission are contributing significantly to climate change. To minimize these adverse effects, the use of more sustainable travel modes, such as public transit, walking, bicycling, carpool and ridesharing, has been widely promoted. Apart from these travel modes, alternatives, such as teleworking, which reduces commute trips, should also be promoted. The objective of this study is to identify different neighborhood design and social characteristics that are associated with teleworking. In this case study, a multiple regression model is applied to 2011 census data and road infrastructure data of 185 communities from the city of Calgary in Canada. In addition, a random intercept model is estimated to account for unobserved heterogeneity. We find that different street patterns, geographical size, land use, mass rapid transit, and road types have a significant effect on teleworking or working-at-home and should be considered when designing new communities. We also find several significant sociodemographic characteristics, including family size, marital status, children, housing type and language. Policy implications based on this research are then provided.

ACS Style

Mohammad Abu Afrahim Bhuiyan; Shakil Rifaat; Richard Tay; Alex De Barros. Influence of Community Design and Sociodemographic Characteristics on Teleworking. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5781 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Abu Afrahim Bhuiyan, Shakil Rifaat, Richard Tay, Alex De Barros. Influence of Community Design and Sociodemographic Characteristics on Teleworking. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (14):5781.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Abu Afrahim Bhuiyan; Shakil Rifaat; Richard Tay; Alex De Barros. 2020. "Influence of Community Design and Sociodemographic Characteristics on Teleworking." Sustainability 12, no. 14: 5781.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Cogent Engineering
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ACS Style

Soumik Nafis Sadeek; Shakil Rifaat. Development of district-wise crash prediction model in Bangladesh. Cogent Engineering 2020, 7, 1 .

AMA Style

Soumik Nafis Sadeek, Shakil Rifaat. Development of district-wise crash prediction model in Bangladesh. Cogent Engineering. 2020; 7 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Soumik Nafis Sadeek; Shakil Rifaat. 2020. "Development of district-wise crash prediction model in Bangladesh." Cogent Engineering 7, no. 1: 1.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2019 in The Open Transportation Journal
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Background: Traffic demand is growing worldwide and the increased carbon emission from transport and travel activities is contributing to greenhouse gas emission and climate change. As the oil and gas capital of Canada, the city of Calgary has a very high carbon footprint per population and the reduction of automobile use is an important policy goal for the city. Walking, a part of active transportation promotes sustainable transportation initiative by reducing greenhouse gas emission. To encourage walking, favorable walking environment should be ensured which largely depends on street pattern and connectivity. However, the effect of street pattern on walking at community level was not explored much in previous studies, particularly at rapidly expanding city such as Calgary’s context. Aims and Objectives: The study identifies the effects of different neighborhood design and planning factors associated with the share of walking in work trips while controlling for differences in social economic characteristics of the neighborhood. Methods: A linear regression model was developed using community-level data from the 2011 census and the road infrastructure data of Calgary. Results: Our study finds that different street patterns and types of land use, length of train tracks, number of train stations and number of schools have significant effect on walking. Conclusion: Thus, different neighbourhood street patterns and land uses should be considered in the development of new communities for promoting active and sustainable transportation.

ACS Style

Shakil Mohammad Rifaat; Mosabbir Pasha; Richard Tay; Alex De Barros. Effect of Community Road Infrastructure, Socio-Demographic and Street Pattern in Promoting Walking as Sustainable Transportation Mode. The Open Transportation Journal 2019, 13, 25 -34.

AMA Style

Shakil Mohammad Rifaat, Mosabbir Pasha, Richard Tay, Alex De Barros. Effect of Community Road Infrastructure, Socio-Demographic and Street Pattern in Promoting Walking as Sustainable Transportation Mode. The Open Transportation Journal. 2019; 13 (1):25-34.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shakil Mohammad Rifaat; Mosabbir Pasha; Richard Tay; Alex De Barros. 2019. "Effect of Community Road Infrastructure, Socio-Demographic and Street Pattern in Promoting Walking as Sustainable Transportation Mode." The Open Transportation Journal 13, no. 1: 25-34.

Journal article
Published: 28 February 2017 in The Open Transportation Journal
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Background: Pedestrians are some of the most vulnerable road users, especially in large congested cities in developing countries. In order to develop appropriate countermeasures to improve safety, research has to be conducted to understand the factors contributing to vehicle-pedestrian collisions. Objective: This study aims to identify the factors contributing to intersection crashes in a developing country context. Method: A Poisson regression model was applied to police reported crash data from the capital of Bangladesh, Dhaka. Results: This study finds that an increase in vehicle traffic and the presence of police officer, footbridge, bus stop, solar panel and waste deposit facility were associated with an increase in the number of vehicle-pedestrian crashes, whereas an increase in pedestrian volume, roads with the same number of inbound and outbound lanes, roads with greater number of lanes, and the presence of traffic signal, commercial area or offices, speed breaker and rail crossing were associated with a reduction in the number of vehicle-pedestrian crashes. Conclusion: While the results of most traffic and engineering factors are consistent with those obtained in previous studies in developed countries, some of the results on human related factors and unusual road furniture are atypical and require more locally targeted countermeasures.

ACS Style

Shakil Rifaat; Richard Tay; Shariar Mohammad Raihan; Abrar Fahim; Shah Mostofa Touhidduzzaman. Vehicle-Pedestrian crashes at Intersections in Dhaka city. The Open Transportation Journal 2017, 11, 11 -19.

AMA Style

Shakil Rifaat, Richard Tay, Shariar Mohammad Raihan, Abrar Fahim, Shah Mostofa Touhidduzzaman. Vehicle-Pedestrian crashes at Intersections in Dhaka city. The Open Transportation Journal. 2017; 11 (1):11-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shakil Rifaat; Richard Tay; Shariar Mohammad Raihan; Abrar Fahim; Shah Mostofa Touhidduzzaman. 2017. "Vehicle-Pedestrian crashes at Intersections in Dhaka city." The Open Transportation Journal 11, no. 1: 11-19.

Articles
Published: 06 April 2016 in Journal of Urban Design
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This study examines the effect of different street pattern, road infrastructure and other physical attributes on the share of bicycle trips in a community area. Using the 2011 census data and the road infrastructure data of Calgary city, the study finds that different street patterns have significant effects on bicycle usage and thus, should be considered in the development of new communities for promoting active transport. Also, increases in the percentage of green space (agricultural and park areas) and semi-detached houses are associated with greater bicycle use, whereas an increase in the number and/or size (area) of road intersections is associated with reduced bicycle use relative to other modes of transport.

ACS Style

Mosabbir Pasha; Shakil Rifaat; Richard Tay; Alex De Barros. Urban design and planning influences on the share of trips taken by cycling. Journal of Urban Design 2016, 21, 471 -480.

AMA Style

Mosabbir Pasha, Shakil Rifaat, Richard Tay, Alex De Barros. Urban design and planning influences on the share of trips taken by cycling. Journal of Urban Design. 2016; 21 (4):471-480.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mosabbir Pasha; Shakil Rifaat; Richard Tay; Alex De Barros. 2016. "Urban design and planning influences on the share of trips taken by cycling." Journal of Urban Design 21, no. 4: 471-480.

Journal article
Published: 12 March 2016 in KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering
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Travel demand is increasing in many countries and the transportation sector produces about 14% of the global greenhouse gas emission, which has been linked to the current climate change. As the oil and gas capital of Canada, the City of Calgary has a very high carbon footprint per population. Hence, the increase usage of transit and the reduction of auto dependency is an important policy goal for the city, and understanding the determinants of transit ridership is a critical first step to achieving this goal. The objective of the study is to identify the effects of different street patterns, traffic, road infrastructure, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics on public transit ridership in 185 community areas of the city. Our results suggest that several street patterns have a significant effect on public transit usage and thus should be considered in the development of new communities for promoting public transit. Also, increases in commercial areas, expressways or highways and train stations are associated with greater transit use. In addition to these physical attributes, a number of socioeconomic and demographic characteristics related to income, age, living pattern and minority or immigrant populations are important determinants of public transit use.

ACS Style

Mosabbir Pasha; Shakil Mohammad Rifaat; Richard Tay; Alex De Barros. Effects of street pattern, traffic, road infrastructure, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics on public transit ridership. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 2016, 20, 1017 -1022.

AMA Style

Mosabbir Pasha, Shakil Mohammad Rifaat, Richard Tay, Alex De Barros. Effects of street pattern, traffic, road infrastructure, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics on public transit ridership. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering. 2016; 20 (3):1017-1022.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mosabbir Pasha; Shakil Mohammad Rifaat; Richard Tay; Alex De Barros. 2016. "Effects of street pattern, traffic, road infrastructure, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics on public transit ridership." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 20, no. 3: 1017-1022.

Journal article
Published: 30 March 2015 in Jurnal Teknologi
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Walking is a major mode of transportation in developing countries where most road users are pedestrians who spend significant time on roads and using the road system. Walking almost inevitably involves crossing a road, where the chances of conflict between pedestrian and motor vehicle is much higher. In Dhaka, the capital of a developing country Bangladesh, pedestrians increase their accident risk when they decide to cross the road way without using the road crossing facilities. When a relatively unsafe choice is made, the pedestrian increases his accident risk and faces casualties. However, in Dhaka, it was not explored in the past about what percentage of people cross the road by pedestrian foot over bridge/ underpass or by jaywalking. Therefore, It is found that 40.2% of the pedestrians do not use road crossing facilities and 71% pedestrians prefer underpass rather than using foot over bridge. The reasons pedestrians are not using road crossing facilities are insufficient security, time consuming, poor entrance, hawker’s problem, discomfort, takes a long walk etc. To improve this situation several steps should be taken, such as: Enhance lighting facilities, prohibit commercial activities, adequate usage of roadside and median barrier, construct more underpass rather than foot over bridge etc.

ACS Style

Mosabbir Pasha; Shakil Rifaat; Abul Hasnat; Istiakur Rahman. Pedestrian’s Behaviour on Road Crossing Facilities. Jurnal Teknologi 2015, 73, 1 .

AMA Style

Mosabbir Pasha, Shakil Rifaat, Abul Hasnat, Istiakur Rahman. Pedestrian’s Behaviour on Road Crossing Facilities. Jurnal Teknologi. 2015; 73 (4):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mosabbir Pasha; Shakil Rifaat; Abul Hasnat; Istiakur Rahman. 2015. "Pedestrian’s Behaviour on Road Crossing Facilities." Jurnal Teknologi 73, no. 4: 1.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2014 in 5th Brunei International Conference on Engineering and Technology (BICET 2014)
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Inspec keywords: road traffic; pollution; economics; optimisation; productivity Subjects: Optimisation techniques; Systems theory applications in economics and business; Systems theory applications in transportation; Environmental aspects of computing

ACS Style

M.A.A. Bhuiyan; Shakil Rifaat; I.R. Khan; M.R.M. Khan. Optimizing signal timing: an efficient way to handle traffic congestion in developing countries. 5th Brunei International Conference on Engineering and Technology (BICET 2014) 2014, 3.08 (6 .) -3.08 (6 .).

AMA Style

M.A.A. Bhuiyan, Shakil Rifaat, I.R. Khan, M.R.M. Khan. Optimizing signal timing: an efficient way to handle traffic congestion in developing countries. 5th Brunei International Conference on Engineering and Technology (BICET 2014). 2014; ():3.08 (6 .)-3.08 (6 .).

Chicago/Turabian Style

M.A.A. Bhuiyan; Shakil Rifaat; I.R. Khan; M.R.M. Khan. 2014. "Optimizing signal timing: an efficient way to handle traffic congestion in developing countries." 5th Brunei International Conference on Engineering and Technology (BICET 2014) , no. : 3.08 (6 .)-3.08 (6 .).

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2012 in Accident Analysis & Prevention
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Motorcycle riders would be more vulnerable in the event of a crash because of their lack of protection which would often result in them suffering more severe injuries than car drivers. This paper estimated three crash severity models to identify factors that contributed to increasing the severity of motorcycle involved crashes in the Canadian City of Calgary. We found that results from the ordered logit model, heterogeneous choice model and partially constrained generalized ordered logit model produced estimates that were very similar which attested to their robustness. Injury severity tended to increase in neighborhoods with loops and lollipops types of streets or involved right-angle and left-turn-across-path crashes, a truck, unsafe speed or alcohol use but tended to decrease if the crash occurred in parking lots or during winter, involved a van or male rider, or a rider following-too-closely to the vehicle in front.

ACS Style

Shakil Mohammad Rifaat; Richard Tay; Alexandre de Barros. Severity of motorcycle crashes in Calgary. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2012, 49, 44 -49.

AMA Style

Shakil Mohammad Rifaat, Richard Tay, Alexandre de Barros. Severity of motorcycle crashes in Calgary. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2012; 49 ():44-49.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shakil Mohammad Rifaat; Richard Tay; Alexandre de Barros. 2012. "Severity of motorcycle crashes in Calgary." Accident Analysis & Prevention 49, no. : 44-49.

Papers
Published: 30 May 2012 in Journal of Urban Design
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This study examined the effect of different urban street patterns on vehicle-pedestrian crash severity. Pedestrian crash data for the City of Calgary for the years 2003–2005 were used to estimate a partially constrained generalized ordered logit model. Besides street pattern, many variables related to drivers, road, environment and traffic characteristics were used as control variables. The results indicated that currently popular urban street patterns, like loops and lollipops design, were found to be associated with higher pedestrian crash severity, when compared to the traditional gridiron pattern.

ACS Style

Shakil Rifaat; Richard Tay; Alexandre De Barros. Urban Street Pattern and Pedestrian Traffic Safety. Journal of Urban Design 2012, 17, 337 -352.

AMA Style

Shakil Rifaat, Richard Tay, Alexandre De Barros. Urban Street Pattern and Pedestrian Traffic Safety. Journal of Urban Design. 2012; 17 (3):337-352.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shakil Rifaat; Richard Tay; Alexandre De Barros. 2012. "Urban Street Pattern and Pedestrian Traffic Safety." Journal of Urban Design 17, no. 3: 337-352.

Journal article
Published: 20 January 2011 in Journal of Advanced Transportation
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ACS Style

Shakil Rifaat; Richard Tay; Alexandre G. De Barros. Logistic model of injury risks in single vehicle crashes in urban neighborhoods. Journal of Advanced Transportation 2011, 45, 186 -195.

AMA Style

Shakil Rifaat, Richard Tay, Alexandre G. De Barros. Logistic model of injury risks in single vehicle crashes in urban neighborhoods. Journal of Advanced Transportation. 2011; 45 (3):186-195.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shakil Rifaat; Richard Tay; Alexandre G. De Barros. 2011. "Logistic model of injury risks in single vehicle crashes in urban neighborhoods." Journal of Advanced Transportation 45, no. 3: 186-195.

Journal article
Published: 02 October 2010 in Accident Analysis & Prevention
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Road crashes not only claim lives and inflict injuries but also create an economic burden to the society due to loss of productivity. Although numerous studies have been conducted to examine a multitude of factors contributing to the frequency and severity of crashes, very few studies have examined the influence of street pattern at a community level. This study examined the effect of different street patterns on crash severity using the City of Calgary as a case study. In this study, street pattern is classified into four categories: grid-iron, warped parallel, loops and lollipops, and mixed patterns. Their effects on injury risk are examined together with other factors including road features, drivers’ characteristics, crash characteristics, environmental conditions and vehicle attributes. Pedestrian and bicycle crash data for the years 2003–2005 were utilized to develop a multinomial logit model of crash severity. Our results showed that compared to other street patterns, loops and lollipops design increases the probability of an injury but reduces the probability of fatality and property-damage-only in an event of a crash.

ACS Style

Shakil Mohammad Rifaat; Richard Tay; Alexandre de Barros. Effect of street pattern on the severity of crashes involving vulnerable road users. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2010, 43, 276 -283.

AMA Style

Shakil Mohammad Rifaat, Richard Tay, Alexandre de Barros. Effect of street pattern on the severity of crashes involving vulnerable road users. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2010; 43 (1):276-283.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shakil Mohammad Rifaat; Richard Tay; Alexandre de Barros. 2010. "Effect of street pattern on the severity of crashes involving vulnerable road users." Accident Analysis & Prevention 43, no. 1: 276-283.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2010 in Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board
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ACS Style

Shakil Rifaat; Richard Tay; Alex De Barros. Effect of Street Pattern on Road Safety: Are Policy Recommendations Sensitive to Aggregations of Crashes by Severity? Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2010, 2147, 58 -65.

AMA Style

Shakil Rifaat, Richard Tay, Alex De Barros. Effect of Street Pattern on Road Safety: Are Policy Recommendations Sensitive to Aggregations of Crashes by Severity? Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. 2010; 2147 (1):58-65.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shakil Rifaat; Richard Tay; Alex De Barros. 2010. "Effect of Street Pattern on Road Safety: Are Policy Recommendations Sensitive to Aggregations of Crashes by Severity?" Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2147, no. 1: 58-65.

Journal article
Published: 09 December 2009 in Journal of Transportation Safety & Security
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ACS Style

Shakil Rifaat; Richard Tay; Alex Perez; Alex De Barros. Effects of Neighborhood Street Patterns on Traffic Collision Frequency. Journal of Transportation Safety & Security 2009, 1, 241 -253.

AMA Style

Shakil Rifaat, Richard Tay, Alex Perez, Alex De Barros. Effects of Neighborhood Street Patterns on Traffic Collision Frequency. Journal of Transportation Safety & Security. 2009; 1 (4):241-253.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shakil Rifaat; Richard Tay; Alex Perez; Alex De Barros. 2009. "Effects of Neighborhood Street Patterns on Traffic Collision Frequency." Journal of Transportation Safety & Security 1, no. 4: 241-253.

Research article
Published: 01 January 2009 in Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board
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Road crashes not only claim lives and inflict injuries but also create an economic burden on society because of lost productivity. Many studies have identified factors affecting the frequency and severity of crashes. However, few, if any, studies have explored the effect of street pattern on injury risks in urban crashes. In this study, street pattern or urban form is classified into four categories: gridiron, warped parallel, loops and lollipops, and mixed patterns. Their effects on injury risk are examined together with other factors including road features, drivers’ characteristics, crash characteristics, environmental conditions, and vehicle attributes. Calgary, Alberta, Canada, is chosen as the case study, and the logistic regression model is applied with reported crash data from 2003 to 2005 to investigate various factors. The results suggest that current popular patterns, including the loops and lollipops design, are safer than the conventional gridiron pattern from an injury risk perspective in the event of a crash.

ACS Style

Shakil Mohammad Rifaat; Richard Tay. Effects of Street Patterns on Injury Risks in Two-Vehicle Crashes. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2009, 2102, 61 -67.

AMA Style

Shakil Mohammad Rifaat, Richard Tay. Effects of Street Patterns on Injury Risks in Two-Vehicle Crashes. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. 2009; 2102 (1):61-67.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shakil Mohammad Rifaat; Richard Tay. 2009. "Effects of Street Patterns on Injury Risks in Two-Vehicle Crashes." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2102, no. 1: 61-67.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2008 in Accident Analysis & Prevention
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Leaving the scene of a crash without reporting it is an offence in most countries and many studies have been devoted to improving ways to identify hit-and-run vehicles and the drivers involved. However, relatively few studies have been conducted on identifying factors that contribute to the decision to run after the crash. This study identifies the factors that are associated with the likelihood of hit-and-run crashes including driver characteristics, vehicle types, crash characteristics, roadway features and environmental characteristics. Using a logistic regression model to delineate hit-and-run crashes from nonhit-and-run crashes, this study found that drivers were more likely to run when crashes occurred at night, on a bridge and flyover, bend, straight road and near shop houses; involved two vehicles, two-wheel vehicles and vehicles from neighboring countries; and when the driver was a male, minority, and aged between 45 and 69. On the other hand, collisions involving right turn and U-turn maneuvers, and occurring on undivided roads were less likely to be hit-and-run crashes.

ACS Style

Richard Tay; Shakil Mohammad Rifaat; Hoong Chor Chin`. A logistic model of the effects of roadway, environmental, vehicle, crash and driver characteristics on hit-and-run crashes. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2008, 40, 1330 -1336.

AMA Style

Richard Tay, Shakil Mohammad Rifaat, Hoong Chor Chin`. A logistic model of the effects of roadway, environmental, vehicle, crash and driver characteristics on hit-and-run crashes. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2008; 40 (4):1330-1336.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Richard Tay; Shakil Mohammad Rifaat; Hoong Chor Chin`. 2008. "A logistic model of the effects of roadway, environmental, vehicle, crash and driver characteristics on hit-and-run crashes." Accident Analysis & Prevention 40, no. 4: 1330-1336.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2007 in Journal of Advanced Transportation
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To reduce injuries in road crashes, better understanding is needed between the relationship of injury severity and risk factors. This study seeks to identify the contributing factors affecting crash severity with broad considerations of driver characteristics, roadway features, vehicle types, pedestrian characteristics and crash characteristics using an ordered probit model. It also explores how the interaction of these factors will affect accident severity risk. Three types of accidents were investigated: two‐vehicle crashes, single vehicle crashes and pedestrian accidents. The reported crash data in Singapore from 1992 to 2001 were used to illustrate the process of parameter estimation. Several factors such as vehicle type, road type, collision type, location type, pedestrian age, time of day of accident occurrence were found to be significantly associated with injury severity. It was also found that injury severity decreases over time for the three types of accident investigated.

ACS Style

Shakil Rifaat; Hoong Chor Chin`. Accident severity analysis using ordered probit model. Journal of Advanced Transportation 2007, 41, 91 -114.

AMA Style

Shakil Rifaat, Hoong Chor Chin`. Accident severity analysis using ordered probit model. Journal of Advanced Transportation. 2007; 41 (1):91-114.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shakil Rifaat; Hoong Chor Chin`. 2007. "Accident severity analysis using ordered probit model." Journal of Advanced Transportation 41, no. 1: 91-114.

Article
Published: 01 June 2007 in Journal of Advanced Transportation
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Road crashes are a leading cause of death and serious injuries both developed and developing countries. Intersections are recognized as being among the most hazardous locations on the roads. Although crashes at intersections form about 35 % of the reported accidents account for about 32% of traffic-related serious injuries and fatalities in Singapore, there is no known study that examines the factors contributing to the severity of these crashes. In this study, the ordinal probit model was applied to crash data from 1992 to 2002 to investigate the role a variety of factors play in determining the severity of intersection crashes. Our study shows that vehicle type, road type, collision type, driver's characteristics and time of day are important determinants of the severity of crashes at intersections in Singapore.

ACS Style

Richard Tay; Shakil Rifaat. Factors contributing to the severity of intersection crashes. Journal of Advanced Transportation 2007, 41, 245 -265.

AMA Style

Richard Tay, Shakil Rifaat. Factors contributing to the severity of intersection crashes. Journal of Advanced Transportation. 2007; 41 (3):245-265.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Richard Tay; Shakil Rifaat. 2007. "Factors contributing to the severity of intersection crashes." Journal of Advanced Transportation 41, no. 3: 245-265.