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Richard Tay
School of Accounting, Information Systems and Supply Chain, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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Articles
Published: 26 January 2021 in Traffic Injury Prevention
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Hit-and-run behavior in crashes is a severe offense worldwide because the identification and emergency rescue of any injured road user is delayed. A motorist’s run from the crash scene is especially serious for a cyclist who would be more prone to be physically injured in a bicycle-vehicle (BV) crash. The objective of this paper is to explore potential risk factors that contribute to the hit-and-run (HR) behavior of a driver after a two-unit BV collision. The data used in this study are extracted from traffic crash records in the city of Durham, North Carolina in 2007–2014. This study uses the skewed logistic (Scobit) model to account for the skewness of the dependent variable (i.e., HR) in the dataset. The Likelihood ratio test, AIC and BIC results show that the Scobit model is preferred to the standard binary logistic model for modeling a driver’s decision to run from a two-unit BV crash scene. Estimation results indicate that, the driver’s tendency to run from a crash scene without reporting it in Durham increases if the bicyclist is a teenager or an adult, a drunk-driving or a speeding driver is involved, when the crash happens at night (19:00–6:59), on a local street, or when the automobile overtakes the bicycle. HR behavior will decrease if the cyclist is drunk, an SUV is involved, or the bicyclist fails to yield. The findings of this study are important and useful when developing countermeasures to prevent BV-HR crashes and to improve cycling safety.

ACS Style

Chenming Jiang; Richard Tay; Linjun Lu. A skewed logistic model of two-unit bicycle-vehicle hit-and-run crashes. Traffic Injury Prevention 2021, 22, 158 -161.

AMA Style

Chenming Jiang, Richard Tay, Linjun Lu. A skewed logistic model of two-unit bicycle-vehicle hit-and-run crashes. Traffic Injury Prevention. 2021; 22 (2):158-161.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chenming Jiang; Richard Tay; Linjun Lu. 2021. "A skewed logistic model of two-unit bicycle-vehicle hit-and-run crashes." Traffic Injury Prevention 22, no. 2: 158-161.

Journal article
Published: 11 November 2020 in The British Accounting Review
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While there are broader socio-political, psychological, and structural factors that influence investment decisions (see Harris et al., 2016), in line with the critical approach, this study provides an empirical insight into the notion that financialization, specifically the tendency to prioritise economic over environmental objectives, has a strong bearing on how managers view investment trade-off decisions in relation to sustainability issues. The study empirically investigates this notion by examining the investment trade–off preferences of Australian managers in relation to three decision attributes – economic outcomes (i.e. financial returns), environmental impact (i.e. carbon emissions) and stakeholder pressure to consider environmental issues. We use the discrete choice experimental method to quantify the trade-offs between the abovementioned three attributes. In addition, we also investigate the potential effect of three contingency factors on individual’s preferences. Specifically, at the organisational level, we explore the effects of financial and environmental rewards and at the individual level, we explore the effect of environmental consciousness. In line with the financialization hypotheses our results indicate that managers prioritise financial returns over carbon emissions and stakeholder pressures with the preference for financial returns found to be positively associated with rewards for financial performance. However, in line with the pragmatic approach and despite the overall dominance of financial returns, there is evidence that manager’s focus on financial returns can be influenced, with the preference for financial returns negatively associated with rewards for environmental performance and environmental consciousness. In addition, while stakeholder pressure was not found to be associated with any of the three contingency factors and, manager’s emphasis on carbon emissions was not associated with financial rewards, manager’s emphasis on carbon emissions was found to be positively associated with both rewards for environmental performance and environmental consciousness. Therefore, our findings suggest that corporate management have an important role to play, both in respect to the design of performance rewards systems and the recruitment of environmentally conscious managers, in order to promote the sustainability agenda.

ACS Style

Venkateshwaran Narayanan; Kevin Baird; Richard Tay. Investment decisions: The trade-off between economic and environmental objectives. The British Accounting Review 2020, 53, 100969 .

AMA Style

Venkateshwaran Narayanan, Kevin Baird, Richard Tay. Investment decisions: The trade-off between economic and environmental objectives. The British Accounting Review. 2020; 53 (3):100969.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Venkateshwaran Narayanan; Kevin Baird; Richard Tay. 2020. "Investment decisions: The trade-off between economic and environmental objectives." The British Accounting Review 53, no. 3: 100969.

Review
Published: 03 October 2020 in Accident Analysis & Prevention
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A meta-analysis was performed to review the potential effects of reversible lanes on traffic safety. A systematic review resulted in ten U.S studies, with 155 estimates of safety effects, that were selected for inclusion in the analysis. These studies employed either a simple before-after comparison or a cross-sectional comparison methodology. Study results were extracted by transforming the collision rates and frequencies of these studies into a log-odds ratio. The results of the meta-analysis suggest that the odds of a collision occurring are 30.9% higher for roads with reversible lanes when compared to roads without the treatment. The odds of a property-damage-only collision are predicted to be 16.6% higher, and injury collisions are predicted to be 34.9% higher with reversible lanes compared to no-treatment. The odds of a collision occurring during the peak period are expected to be 46.2% higher, while the odds of an off-peak period collision occurring are expected to be 12.8% higher. These results were statistically significant, with the exception of the off-peak period collision result. A meta-regression was performed, which regresses variables related to study type, collision type and operational characteristics of the study locations on the extracted log odds ratio. Peak period operations were positively and significantly correlated with an increase in crashes. Presence of left-turn restrictions and/or delineator/barrier were negatively correlated with crashes, whereas the presence of dynamic traffic control and static traffic control were positively correlated with crashes. Finally, cross sectional studies tend to find greater effects than before-after studies.

ACS Style

Aaron Manuel; Alexandre de Barros; Richard Tay. Traffic safety meta-analysis of reversible lanes. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2020, 148, 105751 .

AMA Style

Aaron Manuel, Alexandre de Barros, Richard Tay. Traffic safety meta-analysis of reversible lanes. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2020; 148 ():105751.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aaron Manuel; Alexandre de Barros; Richard Tay. 2020. "Traffic safety meta-analysis of reversible lanes." Accident Analysis & Prevention 148, no. : 105751.

Journal article
Published: 17 July 2020 in Sustainability
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The traffic on the roads in many countries has been increasing in recent decades, and the increases in congestion and carbon emission are contributing significantly to climate change. To minimize these adverse effects, the use of more sustainable travel modes, such as public transit, walking, bicycling, carpool and ridesharing, has been widely promoted. Apart from these travel modes, alternatives, such as teleworking, which reduces commute trips, should also be promoted. The objective of this study is to identify different neighborhood design and social characteristics that are associated with teleworking. In this case study, a multiple regression model is applied to 2011 census data and road infrastructure data of 185 communities from the city of Calgary in Canada. In addition, a random intercept model is estimated to account for unobserved heterogeneity. We find that different street patterns, geographical size, land use, mass rapid transit, and road types have a significant effect on teleworking or working-at-home and should be considered when designing new communities. We also find several significant sociodemographic characteristics, including family size, marital status, children, housing type and language. Policy implications based on this research are then provided.

ACS Style

Mohammad Abu Afrahim Bhuiyan; Shakil Rifaat; Richard Tay; Alex De Barros. Influence of Community Design and Sociodemographic Characteristics on Teleworking. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5781 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Abu Afrahim Bhuiyan, Shakil Rifaat, Richard Tay, Alex De Barros. Influence of Community Design and Sociodemographic Characteristics on Teleworking. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (14):5781.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Abu Afrahim Bhuiyan; Shakil Rifaat; Richard Tay; Alex De Barros. 2020. "Influence of Community Design and Sociodemographic Characteristics on Teleworking." Sustainability 12, no. 14: 5781.

Journal article
Published: 13 February 2020 in Sustainability
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The relationship between overweight, obesity, or body mass index (BMI) and crashes among drivers of passenger cars, vans, and trucks has been the focus of much research. However, little is understood about this relationship among motorcyclists, particularly motorcycle taxi drivers who tend to work long hours. Motorcycle taxis are an increasingly popular and important mode of travel in many cities, especially in South-East Asia, due partly to the rise of ride-hailing services. This paper assesses the body mass index (BMI) of motorcycle taxi drivers in Vietnam and its impacts on crashes among three types of drivers (traditional, ride-hailing, and hybrid). Data from a structured questionnaire survey of motorcycle taxi drivers conducted in Hanoi, Vietnam were used. Results show that 18.8% of motorcycle taxi drivers were overweight or obese whereas only 1.4% were underweight. Fulltime motorcycle taxi drivers were more likely to be overweight or obese. Results of random effect binary logistic regression show that overweight and obese motorcycle taxi drivers had significantly higher overall and injury crash risks, when compared to normal-weight motorcycle taxi drivers. Results also indicate that hybrid motorcycle taxi drivers had lower overall and injury crash risks when compared to traditional motorcycle taxi drivers.

ACS Style

Long T. Truong; Richard Tay; Hang T.T. Nguyen. Relationships between Body Mass Index and Self-Reported Motorcycle Crashes in Vietnam. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1382 .

AMA Style

Long T. Truong, Richard Tay, Hang T.T. Nguyen. Relationships between Body Mass Index and Self-Reported Motorcycle Crashes in Vietnam. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (4):1382.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Long T. Truong; Richard Tay; Hang T.T. Nguyen. 2020. "Relationships between Body Mass Index and Self-Reported Motorcycle Crashes in Vietnam." Sustainability 12, no. 4: 1382.

Articles
Published: 31 January 2020 in Journal of Marketing Management
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This paper investigates the critical determinants of mobile commerce (m-commerce) adoption in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam. A comprehensive review of the related literature leads to the development of a conceptual framework to better understand m-commerce adoption in organisations. This framework is then tested and validated using structural equation modelling on the data collected from 513 Vietnamese SMEs. The study shows that perceived benefits, perceived compatibility, perceived security, organisational readiness, organisational innovativeness, customer pressures, government support, and managers’ IT knowledge are the critical determinants of m-commerce adoption. This study contributes to a better understanding of m-commerce adoption in developing countries, particularly in Vietnam. It can facilitate the development of m-commerce in SMEs by providing evidence-based strategies and policies.

ACS Style

Ngoc Tuan Chau; Hepu Deng; Richard Tay. Critical determinants for mobile commerce adoption in Vietnamese small and medium-sized enterprises. Journal of Marketing Management 2020, 36, 456 -487.

AMA Style

Ngoc Tuan Chau, Hepu Deng, Richard Tay. Critical determinants for mobile commerce adoption in Vietnamese small and medium-sized enterprises. Journal of Marketing Management. 2020; 36 (5-6):456-487.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ngoc Tuan Chau; Hepu Deng; Richard Tay. 2020. "Critical determinants for mobile commerce adoption in Vietnamese small and medium-sized enterprises." Journal of Marketing Management 36, no. 5-6: 456-487.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2019 in ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part A: Civil Engineering
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Crashes involving heavy trucks and vulnerable road users are a major road safety concern because of the higher likelihood of fatal and serious injury. This research identified the socioeconomic characteristics affecting injury severity in collisions involving trucks and vulnerable road users. Specifically, the influences of the sociodemographic characteristics of road users, the neighborhoods where the road users live, and where the crashes occur were explored using the random parameter ordered logit model. This study found that the age and gender of vulnerable road users involved; the age, language, occupation, religion, and income of the person’s residency neighborhood; and the age, occupation, religion, and income of the crash neighborhood had a significant influence on injury severity.

ACS Style

Sivanandan Balakrishnan; Sara Moridpour; Richard Tay. Sociodemographic Influences on Injury Severity in Truck-Vulnerable Road User Crashes. ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part A: Civil Engineering 2019, 5, 04019015 .

AMA Style

Sivanandan Balakrishnan, Sara Moridpour, Richard Tay. Sociodemographic Influences on Injury Severity in Truck-Vulnerable Road User Crashes. ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part A: Civil Engineering. 2019; 5 (4):04019015.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sivanandan Balakrishnan; Sara Moridpour; Richard Tay. 2019. "Sociodemographic Influences on Injury Severity in Truck-Vulnerable Road User Crashes." ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part A: Civil Engineering 5, no. 4: 04019015.

Journal article
Published: 02 September 2019 in Applied Sciences
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Hard shoulder running (HSR) has been increasingly used as a sustainable and viable way to increase road capacity. This study investigated the safety effect of HSR on freeways in South Korea using the empirical Bayes method. This study found an increase in the total number of crashes. In terms of crash severity, a higher proportion of crashes (25.3%) on 2(3)-lane sections were found to be serious (involving injuries and/or fatalities) compared to those on 4(5)-lane sections (3.6%). Also, a positive relationship was found between the length of the hard shoulder running and changes in crash frequencies. Thus, hard shoulder running on lengthy 2(3)-lane freeways should be avoided.

ACS Style

Jaisung Choi; Richard Tay; Sangyoup Kim; Seungwon Jeong; Jeongmin Kim; Tae-Young Heo. Safety Effects of Freeway Hard Shoulder Running. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 3614 .

AMA Style

Jaisung Choi, Richard Tay, Sangyoup Kim, Seungwon Jeong, Jeongmin Kim, Tae-Young Heo. Safety Effects of Freeway Hard Shoulder Running. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (17):3614.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jaisung Choi; Richard Tay; Sangyoup Kim; Seungwon Jeong; Jeongmin Kim; Tae-Young Heo. 2019. "Safety Effects of Freeway Hard Shoulder Running." Applied Sciences 9, no. 17: 3614.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2019 in The Open Transportation Journal
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Background: Traffic demand is growing worldwide and the increased carbon emission from transport and travel activities is contributing to greenhouse gas emission and climate change. As the oil and gas capital of Canada, the city of Calgary has a very high carbon footprint per population and the reduction of automobile use is an important policy goal for the city. Walking, a part of active transportation promotes sustainable transportation initiative by reducing greenhouse gas emission. To encourage walking, favorable walking environment should be ensured which largely depends on street pattern and connectivity. However, the effect of street pattern on walking at community level was not explored much in previous studies, particularly at rapidly expanding city such as Calgary’s context. Aims and Objectives: The study identifies the effects of different neighborhood design and planning factors associated with the share of walking in work trips while controlling for differences in social economic characteristics of the neighborhood. Methods: A linear regression model was developed using community-level data from the 2011 census and the road infrastructure data of Calgary. Results: Our study finds that different street patterns and types of land use, length of train tracks, number of train stations and number of schools have significant effect on walking. Conclusion: Thus, different neighbourhood street patterns and land uses should be considered in the development of new communities for promoting active and sustainable transportation.

ACS Style

Shakil Mohammad Rifaat; Mosabbir Pasha; Richard Tay; Alex De Barros. Effect of Community Road Infrastructure, Socio-Demographic and Street Pattern in Promoting Walking as Sustainable Transportation Mode. The Open Transportation Journal 2019, 13, 25 -34.

AMA Style

Shakil Mohammad Rifaat, Mosabbir Pasha, Richard Tay, Alex De Barros. Effect of Community Road Infrastructure, Socio-Demographic and Street Pattern in Promoting Walking as Sustainable Transportation Mode. The Open Transportation Journal. 2019; 13 (1):25-34.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shakil Mohammad Rifaat; Mosabbir Pasha; Richard Tay; Alex De Barros. 2019. "Effect of Community Road Infrastructure, Socio-Demographic and Street Pattern in Promoting Walking as Sustainable Transportation Mode." The Open Transportation Journal 13, no. 1: 25-34.

Journal article
Published: 27 March 2019 in Accident Analysis & Prevention
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This paper aims to explore three walking behaviors of older pedestrians that may increase their crash risks when crossing urban streets. Older and younger pedestrians’ start-up delay in initiating a crossing and number of head turns during street crossing are observed at 30 pedestrian crossings in Seoul, South Korea, using video recorders. In addition, their estimation of the safe crossing distance to an approaching vehicle is collected in a survey. Our study shows that older pedestrians have a shorter start-up delay time than younger pedestrians, older pedestrians crossing streets turn their heads less frequently, and older pedestrians provide less reliable estimates about the distance of an approaching vehicle. Safety technologies, campaigns and environmental designs should target these behaviors to improve the safety of older pedestrians.

ACS Style

Jaisung Choi; Richard Tay; Sangyoup Kim; Seungwon Jeong. Behaviors of older pedestrians at crosswalks in South Korea. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2019, 127, 231 -235.

AMA Style

Jaisung Choi, Richard Tay, Sangyoup Kim, Seungwon Jeong. Behaviors of older pedestrians at crosswalks in South Korea. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2019; 127 ():231-235.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jaisung Choi; Richard Tay; Sangyoup Kim; Seungwon Jeong. 2019. "Behaviors of older pedestrians at crosswalks in South Korea." Accident Analysis & Prevention 127, no. : 231-235.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2018 in Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering
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In the recent decade, Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacon (RRFB) has been introduced and widely installed across North America to improve pedestrians’ safety at crosswalks. While the treatment has been reported to be effective in improving safety, relatively few studies have been conducted to explore the factors associated with its effectiveness. This study investigates the effect of road characteristics, environmental factors, and device specification on vehicles’ yielding compliance, used as a surrogate measure of safety. Nineteen crosswalks within the City of Calgary were chosen for field study. An ordinary least squares regression model is applied to identify the factors that affect the compliance rate. It is found that type of road, daily traffic volume, posted speed limit, median, and rainy weather have significant impacts on the compliance rate. Besides, the result suggests using smaller size beacons and installing them above the pedestrian sign to improve safety to its fullest at RRFB-enhanced crosswalks.

ACS Style

Nadia Moshahedi; Lina L Kattan; Richard Tay. Factors associated with compliance rate at pedestrian crosswalks with Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacon. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 2018, 45, 554 -558.

AMA Style

Nadia Moshahedi, Lina L Kattan, Richard Tay. Factors associated with compliance rate at pedestrian crosswalks with Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacon. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering. 2018; 45 (7):554-558.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nadia Moshahedi; Lina L Kattan; Richard Tay. 2018. "Factors associated with compliance rate at pedestrian crosswalks with Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacon." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 45, no. 7: 554-558.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2018 in Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour
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Despite their ongoing popularity in Australia and around the world, relatively little research has been conducted to understand the effects of roadside memorials on drivers' behaviors. Although a few studies have been conducted to examine the effects of roadside memorials on drivers’ behaviors, none has examined how it works or which driver segments are more likely to be affected by their placements. This study examines the effect of roadside memorials on red light running intention of 949 drivers in the Australian State of Victoria and the Australian Capital Territory. Drivers’ perceptions and reactions to visual depictions of roadside memorials are measured, together with their personalities. We find that it is effective in reducing red light running intentions among middle-aged females, older females and older males and among people who feel sad and sympathetic and/or feel worried and concerned. It is also more effective among people who have a high need for body resources and a high level of agreeableness, but a low need for material resources and/or low general self-efficacy. Therefore, roadside memorials can be used by policy makers as an effective safety communication tool to change the behaviors of these driver segments.

ACS Style

Richard Tay. Effects of roadside memorials on red light running intention in different age, gender and personality groups. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 2018, 54, 86 -95.

AMA Style

Richard Tay. Effects of roadside memorials on red light running intention in different age, gender and personality groups. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. 2018; 54 ():86-95.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Richard Tay. 2018. "Effects of roadside memorials on red light running intention in different age, gender and personality groups." Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 54, no. : 86-95.

Randomized controlled trial
Published: 01 December 2017 in Accident Analysis & Prevention
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Young drivers with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are at higher risk of road traffic injuries than their peers. Increased risk correlates with poor hazard perception skill. Few studies have investigated hazard perception training using computer technology with this group of drivers.*Determine the presence and magnitude of the between-group and within- subject change in hazard perception skills in young drivers with ADHD who receive Drive Smart training. *Determine whether training-facilitated change in hazard perception is maintained over time.This was a feasibility study, randomised control trial conducted in Australia. The design included a delayed treatment for the control group. Twenty-five drivers with a diagnosis of ADHD were randomised to the Immediate Intervention or Delayed Intervention group.The Immediate Intervention group received a training session using a computer application entitled Drive Smart. The Delayed Intervention group watched a documentary video initially (control condition), followed by the Drive Smart computer training session. The participant's hazard perception skill was measured using the Hazard Perception Test (HPT).After adjusting for baseline scores, there was a significant betweengroup difference in post-intervention HPT change scores in favour of the Immediate Intervention group. The magnitude of the effect was large. There was no significant within-group delayed intervention effect. A significant maintenance effect was found at 6-week follow-up for the Immediate Intervention group.The hazard perception skills of participants improved following training with large effect size and some maintenance of gain. A multimodal approach to training is indicated to facilitate maintenance. A full-scale trial is feasible.

ACS Style

C.R. Bruce; C.A. Unsworth; M.P. Dillon; R. Tay; T. Falkmer; P. Bird; L.M. Carey. Hazard perception skills of young drivers with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can be improved with computer based driver training: An exploratory randomised controlled trial. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2017, 109, 70 -77.

AMA Style

C.R. Bruce, C.A. Unsworth, M.P. Dillon, R. Tay, T. Falkmer, P. Bird, L.M. Carey. Hazard perception skills of young drivers with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can be improved with computer based driver training: An exploratory randomised controlled trial. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2017; 109 ():70-77.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C.R. Bruce; C.A. Unsworth; M.P. Dillon; R. Tay; T. Falkmer; P. Bird; L.M. Carey. 2017. "Hazard perception skills of young drivers with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can be improved with computer based driver training: An exploratory randomised controlled trial." Accident Analysis & Prevention 109, no. : 70-77.

Journal article
Published: 28 November 2017 in Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology
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Purpose: The number of mobility aid users continues to rise as the population ages. While mobility aid users rely on public transport due to its affordability, evidence suggests access can be difficult. This study aims to describe people who use mobility aids to access public transport and the role of public transport access in influencing mobility aid choice. Methods: Sixty-seven mobility aid users participated in telephone surveys which predominantly used a structured quantitative format. Data were analysed descriptively and any additional comments were simply categorized. Results: Thirty-six participants were female (54%), with a total sample mean age of 58.15 years (SD = 14.46). Seventy-two percent lived in metropolitan areas, 48% lived alone, and the sample experienced a variety of conditions including spinal cord injury (37%) and arthritis (18%). Sixty-four percent of all respondents used two or more mobility aids including powered wheelchairs, scooters and walking frames. The most important features when choosing a mobility aid were reliability, turning ability and size. Fifty-two percent of all respondents strongly agreed that public transport is generally accessible. Conclusions: While work continues to ensure that public transport vehicles and stations are fully accessible, mobility aid users must manage current infrastructure and access a system which has been shown through this research to have many limitations. Mobility aid users, vendors and health professionals need to work together to identify mobility aids that fulfil needs, and are reliable and safe, so that mobility aid users are both “visible and seen” when accessing the public transport network.

ACS Style

Carolyn A. Unsworth; Vijay Rawat; John Sullivan; Richard Tay; Anjum Naweed; Prasad Gudimetla. “I’m very visible but seldom seen”: consumer choice and use of mobility aids on public transport. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology 2017, 14, 122 -132.

AMA Style

Carolyn A. Unsworth, Vijay Rawat, John Sullivan, Richard Tay, Anjum Naweed, Prasad Gudimetla. “I’m very visible but seldom seen”: consumer choice and use of mobility aids on public transport. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology. 2017; 14 (2):122-132.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carolyn A. Unsworth; Vijay Rawat; John Sullivan; Richard Tay; Anjum Naweed; Prasad Gudimetla. 2017. "“I’m very visible but seldom seen”: consumer choice and use of mobility aids on public transport." Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology 14, no. 2: 122-132.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2017 in Accident Analysis & Prevention
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Ageing drivers experience a higher risk of intersection crashes because of their decrease in driving efficiency, including the decline in cognitive ability, head and neck flexibility, and visual acuity. Although several studies have been conducted to examine the factors associated with ageing driver crashes at intersections, little research has been conducted to examine the differences in the factors related to ageing drivers' turning paths and intersection geometric features. This study aims to improve the safety of ageing drivers at intersections by identifying the maneuvers that are risky for them and tracking their turning movements at selected intersections. We find that ageing drivers experience more crashes at intersections than younger drivers, especially crashes involving turning movements. Furthermore, ageing drivers experience more crashes at unchannelized intersections compared to channelized intersections. In addition, this study finds that ageing drivers exhibit greater and more inconsistent offsets during turning movements compared to those of younger drivers at both channelized and unchannelized intersections. Ageing drivers also tend to make relatively sharper or tighter turns than younger drivers. Hence, transportation engineers and road safety professionals should consider appropriate countermeasures to reduce the risks of crashes involving ageing drivers at intersections.

ACS Style

Jaisung Choi; Richard Tay; Sangyoup Kim; Seungwon Jeong. Turning movements, vehicle offsets and ageing drivers driving behaviour at channelized and unchannelized intersections. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2017, 108, 227 -233.

AMA Style

Jaisung Choi, Richard Tay, Sangyoup Kim, Seungwon Jeong. Turning movements, vehicle offsets and ageing drivers driving behaviour at channelized and unchannelized intersections. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2017; 108 ():227-233.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jaisung Choi; Richard Tay; Sangyoup Kim; Seungwon Jeong. 2017. "Turning movements, vehicle offsets and ageing drivers driving behaviour at channelized and unchannelized intersections." Accident Analysis & Prevention 108, no. : 227-233.

Conference paper
Published: 05 September 2017 in Urban Transport XXIII
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Welcome to the WIT Press eLibrary - the home of the Transactions of the Wessex Institute collection, providing on-line access to papers presented at the Institute's prestigious international conferences and from its State-of-the-Art in Science & Engineering publications.

ACS Style

Alireza Toran pour; Sara Moridpour; Richard Tay; Abbas Rajabifard. INFLUENCING FACTORS ON VEHICLE-PEDESTRIAN CRASH SEVERITY OF SCHOOL-AGED PEDESTRIANS. Urban Transport XXIII 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Alireza Toran pour, Sara Moridpour, Richard Tay, Abbas Rajabifard. INFLUENCING FACTORS ON VEHICLE-PEDESTRIAN CRASH SEVERITY OF SCHOOL-AGED PEDESTRIANS. Urban Transport XXIII. 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alireza Toran pour; Sara Moridpour; Richard Tay; Abbas Rajabifard. 2017. "INFLUENCING FACTORS ON VEHICLE-PEDESTRIAN CRASH SEVERITY OF SCHOOL-AGED PEDESTRIANS." Urban Transport XXIII , no. : 1.

Original articles
Published: 25 August 2017 in Traffic Injury Prevention
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Objectives: Every year, about 1.24 million people are killed in traffic crashes worldwide and more than 22% of these deaths are pedestrians. Therefore, pedestrian safety has become a significant traffic safety issue worldwide. In order to develop effective and targeted safety programs, the location- and time-specific influences on vehicle–pedestrian crashes must be assessed. The main purpose of this research is to explore the influence of pedestrian age and gender on the temporal and spatial distribution of vehicle–pedestrian crashes to identify the hotspots and hot times. Methods: Data for all vehicle–pedestrian crashes on public roadways in the Melbourne metropolitan area from 2004 to 2013 are used in this research. Spatial autocorrelation is applied in examining the vehicle–pedestrian crashes in geographic information systems (GIS) to identify any dependency between time and location of these crashes. Spider plots and kernel density estimation (KDE) are then used to determine the temporal and spatial patterns of vehicle–pedestrian crashes for different age groups and genders. Results: Temporal analysis shows that pedestrian age has a significant influence on the temporal distribution of vehicle–pedestrian crashes. Furthermore, men and women have different crash patterns. In addition, results of the spatial analysis shows that areas with high risk of vehicle–pedestrian crashes can vary during different times of the day for different age groups and genders. For example, for those between ages 18 and 65, most vehicle–pedestrian crashes occur in the central business district (CBD) during the day, but between 7:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m., crashes among this age group occur mostly around hotels, clubs, and bars. Conclusions: This research reveals that temporal and spatial distributions of vehicle–pedestrian crashes vary for different pedestrian age groups and genders. Therefore, specific safety measures should be in place during high crash times at different locations for different age groups and genders to increase the effectiveness of the countermeasures in preventing and reducing vehicle–pedestrian crashes.

ACS Style

Alireza Toran Pour; Sara Moridpour; Richard Tay; Abbas Rajabifard. Influence of pedestrian age and gender on spatial and temporal distribution of pedestrian crashes. Traffic Injury Prevention 2017, 19, 81 -87.

AMA Style

Alireza Toran Pour, Sara Moridpour, Richard Tay, Abbas Rajabifard. Influence of pedestrian age and gender on spatial and temporal distribution of pedestrian crashes. Traffic Injury Prevention. 2017; 19 (1):81-87.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alireza Toran Pour; Sara Moridpour; Richard Tay; Abbas Rajabifard. 2017. "Influence of pedestrian age and gender on spatial and temporal distribution of pedestrian crashes." Traffic Injury Prevention 19, no. 1: 81-87.

Research article
Published: 04 July 2017 in Journal of Advanced Transportation
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Although rental cars experience a higher collision rate per registered vehicle compared to nonrental cars, little research has been conducted to understand the differences in the factors contributing to crashes involving rental cars and nonrental cars, especially driver-related factors. This study develops a conceptual framework to compare the driver-related factors contributing to crashes involving rental cars and nonrental cars and tests the hypotheses developed using data from South Korea and applying the binary logistics, rare event logistics, Firth logistic models, and random parameters logit models. We found a significantly higher contribution of several risky driving behaviors but no differences in roadway, vehicle, and environmental factors. We also found that rental car crashes involve more males and drivers under 25 years of age.1. IntroductionThe car rental industry comprises an important part of the transport sector in many developed countries. In the United States, for example, there were about 2.2 million rental cars in 2015, generating over 26 billion in revenue for the industry [1]. In South Korea, the car rental market was worth an estimated 3.2 trillion won (US3.1 billion) while the car leasing market was worth about 5.9 trillion won (US5.7 billion) in 2013 [2]. Moreover, the global car rental industry had been forecasted to grow by 5.6 per cent from 2016 to 2021 [3].The increase in the number of rental cars on the roads is expected to increase the number of traffic collisions involving these vehicles. More importantly, relative to private vehicles, rental cars have been found to experience a higher collision rate per registered vehicle and these collisions often result in higher injury severity [4]. Despite the importance of the rental car industry to the economy and its impact on traffic safety, few studies have been conducted to understand the factors associated with rental car crashes or the differences in the factors contributing to crashes involving rental cars and nonrental cars.The objective of this study is to develop a conceptual framework and derive testable hypotheses to examine the differences in the factors contributing to crashes involving rental cars and nonrental cars. More specifically, it will examine the differences in risky driving behaviors and driver characteristics that contribute to crashes involving rental cars and nonrental cars.2. Conceptual Framework and HypothesesThere are many reasons why rental car crashes may be different from privately owned or nonrental car crashes. This study will focus on three possible driver-related explanations for which data are available to test the related hypotheses generated. Other factors, such as age and safety features of the vehicles, are beyond the scope of this paper because the data needed to test these influences are not available.The first driver-related reason considered in this study is the lower familiarity with the car and the road environment. Since the driver does not own the vehicle, he or she may not be familiar with the handling and performance of the vehicle. Also, since rental cars are often operated by out-of-town drivers on business or holiday trips, these drivers may be less familiar with the road and driving environment. This lack of familiarity with the car and the environment may contribute to more driving errors (poor handling, poor judgement, etc.) but not necessarily more risk-taking behaviors (aggressive driving, inattention, etc.). On the contrary, it may also result in more cautious behaviors by some drivers who may compensate for the increased risk due to the lack of familiarity. For example, Yanko and Spalek [5] found that route familiarity led to more inattention and Rosenbloom et al. [6] found that drivers committed more violations and exhibited more dangerous behaviors in well-known locations compared to less known locations.The second possible reason is the differences in driver demography. In one of the very few studies that examined crash rates of rental cars and privately owned cars, Al-Balbissi [4] found that rental cars had a higher crash rate per registered vehicle in Jordan. Using a driver questionnaire survey, they found that rental car drivers were generally younger in age and had fewer years of driving experience compared to drivers of privately owned cars. However, the survey did not include any item on risky driving behaviors or provide any evidence that rental cars and privately owned cars drivers behaved differently. Nevertheless, numerous studies had found that younger drivers, especially young males, tended to take more risks [7, 8].The third explanation is the difference in vehicle ownership. Since most drivers of rental cars do not own the vehicles or lease the vehicles for a very long time, they may have little attachment to the vehicles and thus have lower emotional costs if their vehicles are damaged in collisions. Additionally, some of the rental car drivers may also have lower financial costs associated with any risky behaviors and potential crashes because they may not be responsible for the repairs or replacement costs due to separate insurance coverage. Additionally, the expected crash cost may also be lower due to smaller disruptions to their travel routines if their rental vehicles are damaged. In short, the nonownership of the vehicle may result in the classical moral hazard problem and encourage drivers of rental cars to take more risks and thus experience higher crash rates [9–12].In summary, there are sufficient reasons to hypothesize that crashes involving rental cars may be associated with higher proportions of poor vehicle handling and risky driving behaviors. Additionally, crashes involving rental cars may also be associated with a higher proportion of younger and male drivers.3. Materials and MethodsSimilar to many traffic collision studies [13–16], this study uses a retrospective approach to identify the factors contributing to crashes. More specifically, this study will identify the differences in the factors associated with crashes involving rental cars and nonrental cars, with a special focus on the role of risky driving behaviors and demographic characteristics as crash contributing factors.3.1. DataThe motor vehicle crash data used in this study was provided by the Korean National Police Agency. The data included information on drivers’ age and gender and human related factors, as well as road, vehicle, and environmental factors. In 2010, there were 226,871 reported crashes, of which 158,189 crashes or 69.73 per cent involved at one least rental car or nonrental car. Of the 204,523 cars involved in these crashes, 6,286 (3.1%) were rental cars. Although rental (short-term lease) cars were recorded using a unique category in the database, long-term lease vehicles were not separately identified. Hence, nonrental cars in this study would include both privately owned and long-term lease vehicles.It should be noted that there were 257,000 registered rental cars in Korea in 2010 [17] and 6,286 rental cars were involved in crashes in 2010, giving an average of crash involvement rate of 2.45%. Also, the share of rental cars among total registered passenger vehicles was only 1.9% in 2010 [17] but the share of rental cars among all cars involved in crashes was 3.1%.Since the objective of this study was to examine the differences in risky driving behaviors and driver characteristics that contribute to crashes involving rental cars and nonrental cars, the first group of explanatory variables examined included the different driving behaviors recorded in the police report under the “human-accident factor” section. As shown in Table 1, six semiaggregated variables were created by combining similar categories among the original 25 categories in the human-accident factors section of the police crash report.Table 1: Human related contributing factors.Besides the above driver-related factors, the age and gender of the road users involved were also included. In addition, three aggregate variables were used to account for other nonhuman factors. These control variables were “no road factor,” “no environmental factor,” and “no vehicle factor.” These variables represented the simplest and most informative variable for each of the three broad categories of contributing factors besides the road users.3.2. Data AnalysesAs an exploratory analysis, a series of -tests were conducted to test for differences in risky driving behaviors recorded in the police crash reports between rental car drivers and nonrental car drivers. Although the -test would be a simple and straightforward method to test for these differences, this method would ignore any correlations among the independent variables. It also would not provide any estimates of the relative weights or the influence of the variables.To obtain estimates of the partial effects of each behavior, holding other behaviors constant, a binary regression model was also estimated. The logistic regression model was widely used in road safety studies where the dependent variable was binary [18–22]. In this study, the binary response variable was defined as Further, if a logistic distribution was used, then the probability of crash vehicle being a rental car would be given by where would be a vector of crash characteristics; would be a vector of parameters to be estimated.The best estimate of could be obtained by maximizing the log-likelihood function: The maximum likelihood estimator obtained would be consistent and asymptotically efficient since the observations were selected randomly [23, 24]. The standard logistic model was estimated using Stata version 14.However, since the share of rental cars in the sample was very small (3.1%), the standard logistic model might produce biased and inconsistent results. Hence, the rare event logistics and the Firth logistic model were also estimated. The rare event logistic model utilized choice-based

ACS Style

Richard Tay; Jaisung Choi. Differences in Rental and Nonrental Car Crashes. Journal of Advanced Transportation 2017, 2017, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Richard Tay, Jaisung Choi. Differences in Rental and Nonrental Car Crashes. Journal of Advanced Transportation. 2017; 2017 ():1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Richard Tay; Jaisung Choi. 2017. "Differences in Rental and Nonrental Car Crashes." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2017, no. : 1-8.

Editorial
Published: 08 March 2017 in Journal of Transportation Safety & Security
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Richard Tay; Shaw Voon Wong. Editorial. Journal of Transportation Safety & Security 2017, 9, 1 -5.

AMA Style

Richard Tay, Shaw Voon Wong. Editorial. Journal of Transportation Safety & Security. 2017; 9 (sup1):1-5.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Richard Tay; Shaw Voon Wong. 2017. "Editorial." Journal of Transportation Safety & Security 9, no. sup1: 1-5.

Journal article
Published: 28 February 2017 in The Open Transportation Journal
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Background: Pedestrians are some of the most vulnerable road users, especially in large congested cities in developing countries. In order to develop appropriate countermeasures to improve safety, research has to be conducted to understand the factors contributing to vehicle-pedestrian collisions. Objective: This study aims to identify the factors contributing to intersection crashes in a developing country context. Method: A Poisson regression model was applied to police reported crash data from the capital of Bangladesh, Dhaka. Results: This study finds that an increase in vehicle traffic and the presence of police officer, footbridge, bus stop, solar panel and waste deposit facility were associated with an increase in the number of vehicle-pedestrian crashes, whereas an increase in pedestrian volume, roads with the same number of inbound and outbound lanes, roads with greater number of lanes, and the presence of traffic signal, commercial area or offices, speed breaker and rail crossing were associated with a reduction in the number of vehicle-pedestrian crashes. Conclusion: While the results of most traffic and engineering factors are consistent with those obtained in previous studies in developed countries, some of the results on human related factors and unusual road furniture are atypical and require more locally targeted countermeasures.

ACS Style

Shakil Rifaat; Richard Tay; Shariar Mohammad Raihan; Abrar Fahim; Shah Mostofa Touhidduzzaman. Vehicle-Pedestrian crashes at Intersections in Dhaka city. The Open Transportation Journal 2017, 11, 11 -19.

AMA Style

Shakil Rifaat, Richard Tay, Shariar Mohammad Raihan, Abrar Fahim, Shah Mostofa Touhidduzzaman. Vehicle-Pedestrian crashes at Intersections in Dhaka city. The Open Transportation Journal. 2017; 11 (1):11-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shakil Rifaat; Richard Tay; Shariar Mohammad Raihan; Abrar Fahim; Shah Mostofa Touhidduzzaman. 2017. "Vehicle-Pedestrian crashes at Intersections in Dhaka city." The Open Transportation Journal 11, no. 1: 11-19.