This paper presents the detection of High Impedance Fault (HIF) in solar Photovoltaic (PV) integrated power system using recurrent neural network-based Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) approach. For study this, an IEEE 13-bus system was modeled in MATLAB/Simulink environment to integrate 300 kW solar PV systems for analysis. Initially, the three-phase current signal during non-faulty (regular operation, capacitor switching, load switching, transformer inrush current) and faulty (HIF, symmetrical and unsymmetrical fault) conditions were used for extraction of features. The signal processing technique of Discrete Wavelet Transform with db4 mother wavelet was applied to extract each phase's energy value features for training and testing the classifiers. The proposed LSTM classifier gives the overall classification accuracy of 91.21% with a success rate of 92.42 % in identifying HIF in PV integrated power network. The prediction results obtained from the proffered method are compared with other well-known classifiers of K-Nearest neighbor's network, Support vector machine, J48 based decision tree, and Naïve Bayes approach. Further, the classifier's robustness is validated by evaluating the performance indices (PI) of kappa statistic, precision, recall, and F-measure. The results obtained reveal that the proposed LSTM network significantly outperforms all PI compared to other techniques.

Global solar radiation is generally measured on a horizontal surface, whereas the maximum amount of incident solar radiation is measured on an inclined surface. Over the last decade, a number of models were proposed for predicting solar radiation on inclined surfaces. These models have various scopes; applicability to specific surfaces, the requirement for special measuring equipment, or limitations in scope. To find the most suitable model for a given location the hourly outputs predicted by available models are compared with the field measurements of the given location. The main objective of this study is to review on the estimation of the most accurate model or models for estimating solar radiation components for a selected location, by testing various models available in the literature. To increase the amount of incident solar radiation on photovoltaic (PV) panels, the PV panels are mounted on tilted surfaces. This article also provides an up-to-date status of different optimum tilt angles that have been determined in various countries.

This paper presents application of a new effective metaheuristic optimization method namely, the Jaya algorithm to deal with different optimum power flow (OPF) problems. Unlike other population-based optimization methods, no algorithm-particular controlling parameters are required for this algorithm. In this work, three goal functions are considered for the OPF solution: generation cost minimization, real power loss reduction, and voltage stability improvement. In addition, the effect of distributed generation (DG) is incorporated into the OPF problem using a modified formulation. For best allocation of DG unit(s), a sensitivity-based procedure is introduced. Simulations are carried out on the modified IEEE 30-bus and IEEE 118-bus networks to determine the effectiveness of the Jaya algorithm. The single objective optimization cases are performed both with and without DG. For all considered cases, results demonstrate that Jaya algorithm can produce an optimum solution with rapid convergence. Statistical analysis is also carried out to check the reliability of the Jaya algorithm. The optimal solution obtained by the Jaya algorithm is compared with different stochastic algorithms, and demonstrably outperforms them in terms of solution optimality and solution feasibility, proving its effectiveness and potential. Notably, optimal placement of DGs results in even better solutions.