Interactions between macrophages and adipocytes are early molecular factors influencing adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction, resulting in high leptin, low adiponectin circulating levels and low-grade metaflammation, leading to insulin resistance (IR) with increased cardiovascular risk. We report the characterization of AT dysfunction through measurements of the adiponectin/leptin ratio (ALR), the adipo-insulin resistance index (Adipo-IRi), fasting/postprandial (F/P) immunometabolic phenotyping and direct F/P differential gene expression in AT biopsies obtained from symptom-free adults from the GEMM family study. AT dysfunction was evaluated through associations of the ALR with F/P insulin-glucose axis, lipid-lipoprotein metabolism, and inflammatory markers. A relevant pattern of negative associations between decreased ALR and markers of systemic low-grade metaflammation, HOMA, and postprandial cardiovascular risk hyperinsulinemic, triglyceride and GLP-1 curves was found. We also analysed their plasma non-coding microRNAs and shotgun lipidomics profiles finding trends that may reflect a pattern of adipose tissue dysfunction in the fed and fasted state. Direct gene differential expression data showed initial patterns of AT molecular signatures of key immunometabolic genes involved in AT expansion, angiogenic remodelling and immune cell migration. These data reinforce the central, early role of AT dysfunction at the molecular and systemic level in the pathogenesis of IR and immunometabolic disorders.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are increasing worldwide. This is mainly due to an unhealthy nutrition, implying that variation in CVD risk may be due to variation in the capacity to manage a nutritional load. We examined the genomic basis of postprandial metabolism. Our main purpose was to introduce the GEMM Family Study (Genetics of Metabolic Diseases in Mexico) as a multi-center study carrying out an ongoing recruitment of healthy urban adults. Each participant received a mixed meal challenge and provided a 5-hours’ time course series of blood, buffy coat specimens for DNA isolation, and adipose tissue (ADT)/skeletal muscle (SKM) biopsies at fasting and 3 h after the meal. A comprehensive profiling, including metabolomic signatures in blood and transcriptomic and proteomic profiling in SKM and ADT, was performed to describe tendencies for variation in postprandial response. Our data generation methods showed preliminary trends indicating that by characterizing the dynamic properties of biomarkers with metabolic activity and analyzing multi-OMICS data it could be possible, with this methodology and research design, to identify early trends for molecular biology systems and genes involved in the fasted and fed states.

The biocompatibility and biodegradability of magnesium (Mg), along with its lightness, make magnesium-based materials promising for use in the biomedical industry. In this work, ternary Mg–Zn–Ca alloys were manufactured for biomedical applications using mechanical alloying (MA). The objective of this work was to study the effect of milling time on the produced ternary alloys Mg65–Zn30–Ca5 and Mg70–Zn25–Ca5 (percentages by weight), the degradation of the alloys in synthetic human fluids, and their generated cytotoxicity. The Mg-based alloys were synthesized in a planetary ball mill under an argon atmosphere using stainless-steel containers and balls with a milling regimen of 400 rpm for 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 h. The powders obtained after MA were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), which verified that ternary Mg–Zn–Ca alloys can be obtained using MA. The XRD refinement analysis of the samples showed the presence of a MgZn intermetallic phase. Electrochemical tests showed that the corrosion resistance and corrosion current density of Mg65–Zn30–Ca5 and Mg70–Zn25–Ca5 alloys improved compared to those of pure Mg. Cytotoxicity testing was conducted using the Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, which revealed that the alloys did not exhibit cytotoxicity toward human fibroblast cells. Mg65–Zn30–Ca5 and Mg70–Zn25–Ca5 alloys show good potential to be used in biomedical applications.

Sustainable processing from native vegetation such as agave, nopal and aloe, is mainly centered on the components of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, defined generally as lignocellulosic. Cytotoxicity of lignocellulosic biopolymer membranes (LBMs) of mucilages of Opuntia ficus-indica, Aloe barbadensis Miller, fructans, and residual Agave tequilana Weber fibers at different concentrations (30, 50 and 70%), was evaluated in contact with human fibroblast cells (ATCC^® PCS-201-010), cultured in vitro. Long and short LMBs were formed from the fibrous material. The interaction showed mild cytotoxicity according to ISO 10993-5: 2009. Cytotoxic activity demonstrated in the presence of fibroblasts implied a maximum cytotoxicity of close to 46% and a minimum of 7% in LBMs. UV light absorption results of the large fiber LMBs showed the highest prevention of passage of light, having a protective effect mechanism of delaying the response of hypersensitivity as a result of exposure to UV radiation. The morphology and structure were characterized using SEM, FT-IR, and image texture analysis. According to the LBMs reactivity measured, the feasible uses of these membranes can be suggested as materials for biomedical applications over a short period of time, with feasibility as a support to provide some beneficial solutions.

El libro de Avances de investigación en Nanociencias, Micro y Nanotecnologías de la red de Nanociencias, Micro y Nanotecnología del Instituto Politécnico Nacional de México presenta a los lectores una parte de sus investigaciones que realiza. Para ello ha seleccionado sus investigaciones en áreas del conocimiento como salud, alimentos, energía, seguridad y medio ambiente. En el área de salud presenta una investigación sobre el efecto de las nanopartículas de plata sobre el cáncer de mama. En el área de los alimentos se estudian las nanoemulsiones de ácido esteárico preparadas mediante el método de emulsificación por ultrasonido. El capítulo sobre Nanotecnología empleada en energía describe un proceso para la síntesis de nuevos nanomateriales que presenten tendencias hacia un elevado coeficiente Seebeck, una alta conductividad eléctrica y una baja conductividad térmica. Por otro lado en el siguiente capítulo de energía, se desarrollan los dispositivos electrotérmicos, que tienen la capacidad de generar un gradiente de temperatura a partir de un flujo de corriente eléctrica, conocido como efecto Peltier. En medio ambiente los investigadores aprovechan los nanoresiduos de procesos de síntesis de nanoestructuras buscando su reutilización para la adsorción de gases, la fotodegradación de materia orgánica y la oxidación catalítica de hollín. También se estudia la síntesis modificada de nanoestructuras de hidróxidos dobles laminares de ZnCuAl, evaluados en la reacción de fotodegradación de fenol en presencia de luz UV. El libro de Avances de investigación en Nanociencias, Micro y Nanotecnologías de la red de Nanociencias, Micro y Nanotecnología del Instituto Politécnico Nacional de México presenta a los lectores una parte de sus investigaciones que realiza. Para ello ha seleccionado sus investigaciones en áreas del conocimiento como salud, alimentos, energía, seguridad y medio ambiente. En el área de salud presenta una investigación sobre el efecto de las nanopartículas de plata sobre el cáncer de mama. En el área de los alimentos se estudian las nanoemulsiones de ácido esteárico preparadas mediante el método de emulsificación por ultrasonido. El capítulo sobre Nanotecnología empleada en energía describe un proceso para la síntesis de nuevos nanomateriales que presenten tendencias hacia un elevado coeficiente Seebeck, una alta conductividad eléctrica y una baja conductividad térmica. Por otro lado en el siguiente capítulo de energía, se desarrollan los dispositivos electrotérmicos, que tienen la capacidad de generar un gradiente de temperatura a partir de un flujo de corriente eléctrica, conocido como efecto Peltier. En medio ambiente los investigadores aprovechan los nanoresiduos de procesos de síntesis de nanoestructuras buscando su reutilización para la adsorción de gases, la fotodegradación de materia orgánica y la oxidación catalítica de hollín. También se estudia la síntesis modificada de nanoestructuras de hidróxidos dobles laminares de ZnCuAl, evaluados en la reacción de fotodegradación de fenol en presencia de luz UV.