Background: Simulation-based learning is used to educate students in anaesthetics and critical care. At the postgraduate level, the aim is to foster an understanding of the connection between theory and practice and prepare nurses for the clinical environment. In this context, we created a new wherein we integrated simulation-based learning with clinical learning activities e.g. before start of clinical practice, during and after end of clinical practice. The postgraduate nurses were educated and instructed by university teachers from the postgraduate program and clinical active tutors, critical care nurses and registered nurse anaesthetists from the simulation center. This study aimed to explore the experiences of postgraduate nurses with simulation-based learning and its impact on their overall learning outcomes. Method: This is a descriptive qualitative interview study with a purposeful sample of postgraduate nurses with experience with simulation-based learning during clinical practice. The data were analysed using inductive and thematic analysis. Results: We identified two themes ‘pros of simulation-based learning’ and ‘cons of simulation- based learning’ describing opportunities and obstacles related to the postgraduate nurses’ experience of simulation-based learning. ‘Pros of simulation-based learning’ included the subthemes ‘learning through scenarios facilitates preparedness for clinical practice,’ ‘learning via reflection gives you time to think over your actions’ and ‘Learning from tutors is valuable and highly regarded ‘Cons of simulation based learning’ included the subthemes ‘it is difficult to accept the simulation situation and environment, ‘the design of the scenarios and technical conditions constitutes a barrier’ and ‘Unfamiliar groups interfere with learning. Conclusion: This study shows that simulation-based learning activities promoted postgraduate nurses learning especially later in the education. Competence required for critical care nurses and registered nurse anesthetists is situational and competence specific, theoretical background and clinical experience are therefore required to promote progression in learning.

Background and Objective: Virtual reality (VR) is a rapidly evolving technology that is currently utilized in hospital settings for various types of surgical procedures. The extent to which VR is evident in improving patient outcomes is unknown. This systematic review assesses the impact of VR on adult patients undergoing elective surgical procedures. Databases and Data Treatment: The following databases were sought: CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL. All studies published after 2017 were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the ROB2 and ROBINS‐I. Meta‐analyses and Trial Sequential Analyses were performed, and the quality of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach for the randomised controlled trials. Results: A total of 37 full‐text studies ( n = 3152) were included. VR significantly reduced anxiety measured by the Numeric Rating Scale ( p < 0.0001) and the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory ( p = 0.008). Furthermore, Numeric Rating Scale pain was significantly reduced ( p < 0.00005), with a significantly shorter recovery time and a non‐significant improvement in patient satisfaction. Adverse events were infrequent and mild, with no serious adverse events reported. The risk of bias was primarily “some concerns”, and the certainty of evidence ranged from moderate to low. Conclusions: VR appears effective in reducing pain and anxiety in adult patients in an in‐hospital setting. It offers a relatively safe adjunct to standard care with minimal side effects. However, heterogeneity in outcomes and the risk of bias suggest a need for more standardised, high‐quality trials. Significance Statement: This systematic review with meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis provides updated evidence that virtual reality can significantly reduce anxiety and pain in patients undergoing surgical procedures. Through combining recent RCTs and cohort studies with robust methodological approaches, this review strengthens the evidence for VR as an effective non‐pharmacological intervention. With minimal adverse events and significant improvements in recovery time, VR represents a scalable tool that can strengthen multimodal strategies and promote safer and more comfortable patient experiences.

Red hair has been linked to altered sensitivity to pain, analgesics, and hypnotics. This alteration may be impacted by variants in the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) gene, which are mainly found in redheads. The aim of this narrative review was to explore and present the current state of knowledge on red hair and its plausible associations with altered responsiveness to pain, analgesics, and hypnotics. Structured searches in the PubMed, CINAHL Complete, and Scopus electronic databases were conducted. Evidence suggests that women with red hair have an increased sensitivity to pain. Conversely, data also indicate a higher pain tolerance in homozygous carriers of MC1R variant alleles. Varied responses to analgesia have been reported, with both increased analgesic responsiveness in homozygous carriers of MC1R variant alleles and less analgesia in redheads. Data indicate an increased need for hypnotics in redheads. However, failed attempts to find statistical associations between red hair and altered responsiveness to hypnotics are also evident. Even though there seems to be an association between red hair and an altered responsiveness to pain, analgesics, and/or hypnotics, the results of this narrative review are inconclusive. Further research studies with larger populations and MC1R testing are needed.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how Registered Nurse Anesthetists (RNAs) who have been working for nongovernmental organizations in low- and middle-income countries perceive their role in global health. A qualitative design was used in this study. Data were collected by means of semistructured interviews with 11 participants who met the inclusion criteria, and qualitative analysis of the interview content was performed. The analysis resulted in three categories and six subcategories. Of the categories, "Using skills" includes the respondents' varying levels of responsibility, tasks, and perceptions of how far they are applying their expertise. "Encountering new cultures" is about adapting to new cultural norms in nursing, education, and cooperation in the international team. "Promoting change through volunteerism" comprises personal and professional development, and impact - both local and potentially global. This study highlights the relevance of RNAs in global health and emphasizes the cultural encounters, exchanges, and challenges associated with volunteer medical missions. RNAs' knowledge of, and humble approach to the host country's culture are essential for their ability to provide nursing care, engage in cooperation and training, and promote global health in a high-quality, sustainable and effective way.