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Dr. Cedric Simon
Research Group Leader, Nutrition & Production Systems, Livestock & Aquaculture Program CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Qld Biosciences Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia

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0 Digestive physiology
0 aquaculture nutrition
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Journal article
Published: 19 August 2021 in Agronomy
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Pulses have emerged as important rotation crops in Australia. Some are in demand in agricultural production systems due to their high potential market value, because of their roles as grain or forage crops, their nitrogen fixation capability, and because they provide a disease break or improve soil health. While several pulse crops have been identified for winter-season cropping, there are few adapted legumes apart from mungbean that are appropriate for dryland summer cropping. Currently, short-duration crops of mungbean are commonly used, but yields are highly variable and susceptible to drought. Here, we propose that cowpea has the potential to become an alternative rotation crop in dryland summer cropping zones, providing a competitive and profitable alternative pulse crop option where its drought tolerance could enable better performance under inconsistent in-crop rainfall. We demonstrate that cowpea has nutritional properties and putative uses that could prove valuable in emerging plant-based protein and aquaculture markets.

ACS Style

Lindsay W. Bell; Andrew T. James; Mary Ann Augustin; Artur Rombenso; David Blyth; Cedric Simon; Thomas J. V. Higgins; Jose M. Barrero. A Niche for Cowpea in Sub-Tropical Australia? Agronomy 2021, 11, 1654 .

AMA Style

Lindsay W. Bell, Andrew T. James, Mary Ann Augustin, Artur Rombenso, David Blyth, Cedric Simon, Thomas J. V. Higgins, Jose M. Barrero. A Niche for Cowpea in Sub-Tropical Australia? Agronomy. 2021; 11 (8):1654.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lindsay W. Bell; Andrew T. James; Mary Ann Augustin; Artur Rombenso; David Blyth; Cedric Simon; Thomas J. V. Higgins; Jose M. Barrero. 2021. "A Niche for Cowpea in Sub-Tropical Australia?" Agronomy 11, no. 8: 1654.

Journal article
Published: 17 March 2021 in Animals
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The complete replacement of fishmeal with terrestrial meals did not have a negative impact on the attractiveness, palatability, and apparent digestibility of the formulation. Shrimp were found on average to eat more and have similar appetite revival on the terrestrial meal-based formulation (TM) diet compared to the traditional fishmeal-based formulation (FM) diet. However, methionine (Met) and lysine (Lys) leached out rapidly from the TM diet, and as a result, this initially overfortified diet showed lower levels of those AA in comparison to FM after 60 min immersion. Both dietary Lys and Met were sub-optimal in TM within 120 min of immersion, whereas in comparison, the FM diet supplied consistent levels of EAA for up to 240 min immersion. Nonetheless, shrimp fed fresh TM had significantly higher peak haemolymph concentrations at 30 and 60 min for total AA, Met, and Lys than FM-fed shrimp. The over-supply of CAA far compensated leaching losses, and CAA were well absorbed and used by the shrimp within 120 min, with no obvious signs of asynchronous absorption of CAA to protein-bound AA. However, shrimp fed the TM diet that had leached out for 60 min, had haemolymph concentrations of Met and Lys that were only 41% and 44% of the ones on fresh feed respectively, while there was a negligible effect of leaching on FM. This study provides further insight into the feeding behaviour and bioavailability of dietary amino acids for P. monodon juveniles.

ACS Style

Cedric Simon; Ha Truong; Natalie Habilay; Barney Hines. Feeding Behaviour and Bioavailability of Essential Amino Acids in Shrimp Penaeus monodon Fed Fresh and Leached Fishmeal and Fishmeal-Free Diets. Animals 2021, 11, 847 .

AMA Style

Cedric Simon, Ha Truong, Natalie Habilay, Barney Hines. Feeding Behaviour and Bioavailability of Essential Amino Acids in Shrimp Penaeus monodon Fed Fresh and Leached Fishmeal and Fishmeal-Free Diets. Animals. 2021; 11 (3):847.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cedric Simon; Ha Truong; Natalie Habilay; Barney Hines. 2021. "Feeding Behaviour and Bioavailability of Essential Amino Acids in Shrimp Penaeus monodon Fed Fresh and Leached Fishmeal and Fishmeal-Free Diets." Animals 11, no. 3: 847.

Journal article
Published: 10 November 2020 in Animals
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Twelve minerals were screened to identify key dietary minerals important for Penaeus monodon growth. The minerals selected included boron, calcium plus phosphorus (assessed in tandem at a 1:1 ratio), cobalt, copper, magnesium, manganese, potassium, selenium, sodium, strontium and zinc. Twelve purified casein/gelatin-based diets were formulated and contained minerals at two levels: below expected requirements, as attributed by the basal formulation (‒) and above expected requirements by adding inorganic minerals (+). The two levels were allocated to dietary treatments in juvenile prawns in accordance with the PB design. A two-level screening analysis was employed where effect of each mineral at level − or + across twelve diets were compared to identify the minerals of importance for culture performance of juvenile prawns. Calcium plus phosphorus (at a 1:1 ratio), magnesium, boron, manganese, selenium and zinc produced the greatest positive effects on weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, biomass gain and nutrient/energy retention. Particularly, boron and manganese significantly increased retention of key macronutrients and energy including gross energy, crude protein and crude lipid. Our study demonstrates the importance of several macro and trace minerals in prawn diets and the pressing need to refine their requirements for P. monodon.

ACS Style

Ha H. Truong; Amy F. Moss; Nicholas A. Bourne; Cedric J. Simon. Determining the Importance of Macro and Trace Dietary Minerals on Growth and Nutrient Retention in Juvenile Penaeus monodon. Animals 2020, 10, 2086 .

AMA Style

Ha H. Truong, Amy F. Moss, Nicholas A. Bourne, Cedric J. Simon. Determining the Importance of Macro and Trace Dietary Minerals on Growth and Nutrient Retention in Juvenile Penaeus monodon. Animals. 2020; 10 (11):2086.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ha H. Truong; Amy F. Moss; Nicholas A. Bourne; Cedric J. Simon. 2020. "Determining the Importance of Macro and Trace Dietary Minerals on Growth and Nutrient Retention in Juvenile Penaeus monodon." Animals 10, no. 11: 2086.

Short communication
Published: 22 May 2020 in Aquaculture
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Organic acids and their salts have been used in commercial aquafeeds as an alternative to antibiotics, growth promoters and their effect on performance and survival continue to be investigated in aquatic organisms including shrimp with a few reports on Penaeus monodon. We assessed production performance and nutrient retention efficiency of juvenile black tiger shrimp fed diets supplemented without (control – CON) or with organic acids (butyrate - BUT, succinate – SUC, and fumarate - FUM) individually (10 g kg−1) or in combination (ALL; 30 g kg−1). After 42 days, survival was significantly higher in the BUT and ALL treatments compared to the CON (98% and 90% vs. 70%; P < .01). Addition of BUT, SUC, and ALL reduced feed conversion ratio compared to the CON group (1.3–1.7 vs. 2.4; P < .01). Biomass gain in BUT and ALL feeds was statistically higher than the rest of the dietary treatments (28.3 g vs. 11.2–19.1 g; P < .01). Non-linear and linear regressions displayed a strong relationship between biomass gain and total feed intake across dietary treatments with R2 varying from 0.71 to 0.99. The supplementation of SUC, BUT, and ALL increased the overall nutrient retention efficiency (RE) in comparison to the CON, with BUT and ALL displaying the highest RE for all tested macronutrients (e.g., crude protein = 26.7% and 24.6% vs. 15.3%, total lipid = 19.2% and 17.7% vs. 10.6%, ash = 25.1% and 23.1% vs. 12.1%, and gross energy = 17.7% and 16.3% vs. 10.2%). In summary, supplementation of ALL organic acids (fumarate, butyrate, and succinate) improved survival, feed intake, growth, and nutrient retention efficiency of juvenile P. monodon. Individually, BUT appears to be the most potent organic acid followed by SUC, whereas the use FUM isn't justified in P. monodon diets.

ACS Style

Artur N. Rombenso; Ha Truong; Cedric Simon. Dietary butyrate alone or in combination with succinate and fumarate improved survival, feed intake, growth and nutrient retention efficiency of juvenile Penaeus monodon. Aquaculture 2020, 528, 735492 .

AMA Style

Artur N. Rombenso, Ha Truong, Cedric Simon. Dietary butyrate alone or in combination with succinate and fumarate improved survival, feed intake, growth and nutrient retention efficiency of juvenile Penaeus monodon. Aquaculture. 2020; 528 ():735492.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Artur N. Rombenso; Ha Truong; Cedric Simon. 2020. "Dietary butyrate alone or in combination with succinate and fumarate improved survival, feed intake, growth and nutrient retention efficiency of juvenile Penaeus monodon." Aquaculture 528, no. : 735492.

Journal article
Published: 17 March 2020 in Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
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Replacement of fish oil by 5% thraustochytrid whole cell biomass in diets for Atlantic salmon had no ill effect on fish growth performance, carcass total lipid and total fatty acid content. Carcass fatty acid composition indicated incorporation of the dietary thraustochytrid-derived fatty acids. This was confirmed by compound specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) which revealed significantly 13C-depleted (δ13C value of −24‰) ω3 long-chain (≥C20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 LC-PUFAs) in the fingerlings fed the thraustochytrid biomass containing diet, reflecting the highly 13C-depleted glycerol used to grow the thraustochytrid cultures. This finding demonstrates the bioavailability of the ω3 LC-PUFA of the Australian strain thraustochytrid culture (TC) 20 from the whole cell biomass that was partly cultivated on crude glycerol produced during biodiesel manufacturing. This paper demonstrates the value of Australian thraustochytrid strains grown heterotrophically for their wider biotechnological potential including as a source of higher value lipids, in particular the health-benefitting ω3 LC-PUFA, for use in aquaculture and other applications.

ACS Style

Kim Jye Lee Chang; Christopher C. Parrish; Cedric J. Simon; Andrew T. Revill; Peter D. Nichols. Feeding Whole Thraustochytrid Biomass to Cultured Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Fingerlings: Culture Performance and Fatty Acid Incorporation. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 2020, 8, 207 .

AMA Style

Kim Jye Lee Chang, Christopher C. Parrish, Cedric J. Simon, Andrew T. Revill, Peter D. Nichols. Feeding Whole Thraustochytrid Biomass to Cultured Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Fingerlings: Culture Performance and Fatty Acid Incorporation. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2020; 8 (3):207.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kim Jye Lee Chang; Christopher C. Parrish; Cedric J. Simon; Andrew T. Revill; Peter D. Nichols. 2020. "Feeding Whole Thraustochytrid Biomass to Cultured Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Fingerlings: Culture Performance and Fatty Acid Incorporation." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 3: 207.

Journal article
Published: 05 November 2019 in Aquaculture
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P. monodon juveniles were fed krill meal (KM), krill hydrolysate (KH), whole squid (SQ), and the microbial biomass, Novacq™ (NQ), at 10% inclusion, in practical fishmeal and soybean meal based diets. Diets were fed to apparent satiation as well as restrictively pair-fed (~60% of control diet satiation) for 6 weeks to examine the effects of the test ingredients and feed restriction on shrimp growth, feed efficiency, digestive enzyme activity, nutritional condition, and gut microbiota. All diets when fed to satiety significantly outperformed the control diet, with shrimp fed NQ 87%, SQ 73%, KH 41% and KM 38% larger than shrimp fed the control diet. NQ fed shrimp had the best feed conversion ratio (FCR) and significantly improved retention efficiency (RE) of dietary lipid (RETL), protein (RECP) and gross energy (REGE). SQ significantly promoted feed intake over control and KM fed shrimp, but neither KM, KH nor SQ improved RETL, RECP or REGE. While there was little change in the apparent digestibility (AD) of each diet, the apparent biological value (ABV) of lipid (ABVTL), protein (ABVCP) and gross energy (ABVGE) were significantly improved by inclusion of NQ; and ABVTL and ABVGE were significantly improved by addition of SQ. Feed restriction had a stronger effect on hepatopancreas digestive enzymes and gut microbiota than addition of any feed ingredient. Total protease activity was positively correlated with feed efficiency, including FCR, RETL and REGE. Shrimp fed to satiety tended to have high levels of Vibrio whereas those on the restricted ration tended to have higher levels of bacteria in Rhodobacteracaea, Flavobacteriales and Bacteroidales. We conclude that shrimp are more efficient in using digested dietary macronutrients for growth when whole squid and Novacq™ are provided, due to improvements in feed intake and post-absorptive processes. Feeding restriction was shown to be a useful strategy to improve P. monodon feeding efficiency, digestive capacity and modulate gut microbiota, however it reduced the scope for shrimp growth especially on high performing diets. Novacq™ was more effective than some of the known invertebrate meals and a more environmentally sustainable growth and nutrient utilisation promoter for shrimp.

ACS Style

Cedric J. Simon; Ha H. Truong; Tansyn H. Noble; Simone Osborne; James W. Wynne; Nicholas M. Wade. Microbial biomass, marine invertebrate meals and feed restriction influence the biological and gut microbiota response of shrimp Penaeus monodon. Aquaculture 2019, 520, 734679 .

AMA Style

Cedric J. Simon, Ha H. Truong, Tansyn H. Noble, Simone Osborne, James W. Wynne, Nicholas M. Wade. Microbial biomass, marine invertebrate meals and feed restriction influence the biological and gut microbiota response of shrimp Penaeus monodon. Aquaculture. 2019; 520 ():734679.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cedric J. Simon; Ha H. Truong; Tansyn H. Noble; Simone Osborne; James W. Wynne; Nicholas M. Wade. 2019. "Microbial biomass, marine invertebrate meals and feed restriction influence the biological and gut microbiota response of shrimp Penaeus monodon." Aquaculture 520, no. : 734679.

Journal article
Published: 10 May 2019 in Aquaculture
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The present study was conducted to determine the digestible choline requirement of juvenile yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi; YTK) in the presence of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), an inhibitor of choline biosynthesis. The second aim of this study was to determine if choline supplementation of a practical diet made from common raw materials can improve the growth performance of YTK and if choline supplementation dosages are affected by water temperature. Two eight week experiments were conducted. The first was a dose response experiment in which juvenile YTK (156.3 ± 15.3 g) were reared at 16 °C and fed five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic semi purified diets containing 0.42 (Diet 1), 1.10 (Diet 2), 1.37 (Diet 3), 2.96 (Diet 4) or 6.05 g digestible choline kg−1 diet (Diet 5) by adding graded concentrations of choline chloride (CC). A sixth diet (Diet 6), comparable to Diet 4, was made without AMP to estimate the de novo synthesis of choline by YTK. The second was a factorial experiment in which juvenile YTK (157.3 ± 11.9 g) were reared at 16 °C and 24 °C and fed a practical diet supplemented with 0.0, 3.0 or 6.0 g of CC kg−1 which equates to a digestible choline concentration of 1.77, 3.54 and 4.66 g kg−1 diet, respectively. Results from experiment 1 indicated the break point (broken line regression model) in specific growth rate (SGR) and choline deposition rate occurred when digestible choline intake reached 26.1 mg kgBW−1 d−1 and 27.3 mg kgBW−1 d−1, respectively. On a dietary basis, the breakpoint in SGR and choline deposition rate occurred when diets provided 1.93 and 1.94 g digestible choline kg−1 diet, respectively. Experiment 2 results indicated there were no significant interactions between dietary choline and water temperature with respect to production indices such as SGR, food conversion ratio (FCR), whole body composition and nutrient retention. Choline deposition rate, SGR and FCR tended to be better in fish fed the practical diet supplemented with 3.0 g CC kg−1, but there was no additional advantage of raising the content to 6.0 g CC kg−1 diet. The present study confirms the necessity of adding CC to practical diets for YTK given that practical diets with no CC supplementation contain lower digestible choline than the estimated requirement established in experiment 1.

ACS Style

Angela Liu; Igor Pirozzi; Mohamed Codabaccus; Barney Hines; Cedric Simon; Jesmond Sammut; Mark Booth. Digestible choline requirement of juvenile yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi). Aquaculture 2019, 509, 209 -220.

AMA Style

Angela Liu, Igor Pirozzi, Mohamed Codabaccus, Barney Hines, Cedric Simon, Jesmond Sammut, Mark Booth. Digestible choline requirement of juvenile yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi). Aquaculture. 2019; 509 ():209-220.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Angela Liu; Igor Pirozzi; Mohamed Codabaccus; Barney Hines; Cedric Simon; Jesmond Sammut; Mark Booth. 2019. "Digestible choline requirement of juvenile yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi)." Aquaculture 509, no. : 209-220.

Journal article
Published: 28 November 2018 in Aquaculture
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Worldwide tilapia production is rapidly growing and becoming increasingly reliant on the provision of cost-effective sustainable formulated feeds. We assessed the capacity for various inclusion rates of the microbial biomass-based ingredient Novacq™ (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%) at the expense of wheat flour to improve growth performance in diets at 10% fishmeal (FM), as well as the growth response at 5% and 0% FM, with or without the addition of 10% Novacq™ in iso‑nitrogenous (CP = 34.5–36.1%) extruded diets for GIFT tilapia fingerlings. A total of 540 fish (mean weight ± SD: 11.4 ± 1.8 g) were reared for 6 weeks on 8 experimental diets and a commercial benchmark diet (6 replicate tanks on each diet) in a recirculated freshwater system. All extruded diets containing Novacq™ outperformed the benchmark commercial diet. Total replacement of fishmeal (0% FM) with soybean meal resulted in a significant decrease of around 14.5% in daily weight gain (P < .05), but 50% replacement (5% FM) did not significantly affect weight gain (P > .05). Weight gain increased in parallel with increasing inclusion rates of Novacq™, with weight gains of 7.8%, 23.6% and 34.5% in relation to an isoenergetic and isonitrogenous control diet, at 2.5%, 5% and 10% Novacq™ inclusion, respectively. Novacq™ at 10% in diets containing 5% and 0% fishmeal also significantly increased the growth performance of tilapia, producing a net improvement in weight gain of 19.5% and 15.5% against the 10% fishmeal control diet, respectively. Feed intake mirrored the growth trends. A 10% inclusion of Novacq™ resulted in approximately 33% increase in feed intake at all levels of fishmeal inclusion. Daily feed intake measurements, similar FCRs (1.05–1.18) and nutrient retention efficiencies (Protein RE = 37–46%; Energy RE = 23–30%), indicated Novacq™ principally stimulated feeding with no adverse effect on nutrient use. The use of Novacq™ as a feed additive can more than compensate for the negative impact of fully eliminating fishmeal and is likely to improve the sustainability value of tilapia diets.

ACS Style

C.J. Simon; D. Blyth; N. Ahmad Fatan; Sharon Suri. Microbial biomass (Novacq™) stimulates feeding and improves the growth performance on extruded low to zero-fishmeal diets in tilapia (GIFT strain). Aquaculture 2018, 501, 319 -324.

AMA Style

C.J. Simon, D. Blyth, N. Ahmad Fatan, Sharon Suri. Microbial biomass (Novacq™) stimulates feeding and improves the growth performance on extruded low to zero-fishmeal diets in tilapia (GIFT strain). Aquaculture. 2018; 501 ():319-324.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C.J. Simon; D. Blyth; N. Ahmad Fatan; Sharon Suri. 2018. "Microbial biomass (Novacq™) stimulates feeding and improves the growth performance on extruded low to zero-fishmeal diets in tilapia (GIFT strain)." Aquaculture 501, no. : 319-324.

Journal article
Published: 24 October 2018 in Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
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Crustaceans are exposed to a range of environmental factors that can impact their condition, physiological function and growth. Condition indices are broadly defined as the extent to which stored nutrient reserves allow normal physiological function and growth, but can also represent more than nutrition alone. There is currently no reliable indicator to non-destructively measure shrimp physiological or nutritional condition. In this study, haemolymph and biochemical indices were benchmarked against a range of physiological status condition indicators, including haemolymph biochemistry parameters and carcass traits, in fed and unfed sub-adult black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and across the moult cycle. Results based on fluorescent marker injection and analysis of recovered amounts showed that haemolymph volume was elevated immediately after the moult, but decreased significantly within 2 days and remained stable for the remainder of the inter-moult period. Blood refractive index (BRIX) strongly correlated with haemolymph biochemical, shrimp condition and carcass composition indices. These included haemolymph volume, total protein and triglycerides, as well as gross energy, hepatosomatic index (HSI) and body weight gain per moult. Overall, results demonstrated that BRIX was the simplest, fastest and most cost-effective indicator to accurately and non-destructively estimate physiological condition in P. monodon. Given the correlations with a broad range of indices, BRIX may represent a more holistic estimate of condition, incorporating multifactorial aspects of shrimp condition including moult cycle and nutrition. Additionally, the baseline measurements of metabolites across the moult and under starvation conditions improves our fundamental understanding of overall condition in P. monodon.

ACS Style

Sarah E. Berry; Cedric Simon; Andrew R. Foote; Dean Jerry; Nicholas M. Wade. Evaluation of baseline haemolymph biochemistry, volume and total body energetics to determine an accurate condition index in the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2018, 228, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Sarah E. Berry, Cedric Simon, Andrew R. Foote, Dean Jerry, Nicholas M. Wade. Evaluation of baseline haemolymph biochemistry, volume and total body energetics to determine an accurate condition index in the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 2018; 228 ():1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sarah E. Berry; Cedric Simon; Andrew R. Foote; Dean Jerry; Nicholas M. Wade. 2018. "Evaluation of baseline haemolymph biochemistry, volume and total body energetics to determine an accurate condition index in the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 228, no. : 1-9.

Journal article
Published: 29 August 2018 in Aquaculture
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Two experiments were conducted on juvenile barramundi testing the replacement of regular poultry by-product meal (PBM) with a premium grade poultry protein concentrate (PPC). In the first experiment, a series of five iso-nitrogenous and iso-calorific dietary treatments composed of incrementally increasing levels of PPC from 0% to 20%, substituting PBM were formulated (PPC0, PPC5, PPC10, PPC15, PPC20). The diets were restrictively pair-fed to 63g barramundi for 56 days. In the second experiment, a series of four iso-nitrogenous, iso-calorific and iso-phosphoric dietary treatments composed of incrementally increasing levels of PPC from 0% to 20% substituting PBM were formulated (PPC0+P, PPC6.7+P, PPC13.3+P, PPC20+P). An additional dietary treatment was formulated without any phosphorous supplementation (PPC20-P). The diets were restrictively pair-fed to 69g barramundi and the PPC20+P and PPC20-P were also tested when fed to satiation for 42 days. Experiment 1 demonstrated a clear linear trend towards poorer growth performance and feed utilisation when increasing the level of PPC in the diet. Significant differences were noted for final weight, weight gain, SGR and FCR (P1.5%, promotes faster growth, for fish fed restrictedly and to satiation. The results indicate a pressing need to redefine the phosphorus requirement of barramundi juveniles, notably to ensure the scope for growth is not affected when testing the nutritional value of novel protein sources.

ACS Style

C.J. Simon; Michael Salini; S. Irvin; D. Blyth; Nicholas Bourne; R. Smullen. The effect of poultry protein concentrate and phosphorus supplementation on growth, digestibility and nutrient retention efficiency in barramundi Lates calcarifer. Aquaculture 2018, 498, 305 -314.

AMA Style

C.J. Simon, Michael Salini, S. Irvin, D. Blyth, Nicholas Bourne, R. Smullen. The effect of poultry protein concentrate and phosphorus supplementation on growth, digestibility and nutrient retention efficiency in barramundi Lates calcarifer. Aquaculture. 2018; 498 ():305-314.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C.J. Simon; Michael Salini; S. Irvin; D. Blyth; Nicholas Bourne; R. Smullen. 2018. "The effect of poultry protein concentrate and phosphorus supplementation on growth, digestibility and nutrient retention efficiency in barramundi Lates calcarifer." Aquaculture 498, no. : 305-314.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2018 in Aquaculture
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ACS Style

N.M. Wade; Nicholas Bourne; Cedric Simon. Influence of marker particle size on nutrient digestibility measurements and particle movement through the digestive system of shrimp. Aquaculture 2018, 491, 273 -280.

AMA Style

N.M. Wade, Nicholas Bourne, Cedric Simon. Influence of marker particle size on nutrient digestibility measurements and particle movement through the digestive system of shrimp. Aquaculture. 2018; 491 ():273-280.

Chicago/Turabian Style

N.M. Wade; Nicholas Bourne; Cedric Simon. 2018. "Influence of marker particle size on nutrient digestibility measurements and particle movement through the digestive system of shrimp." Aquaculture 491, no. : 273-280.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2017 in Marine Pollution Bulletin
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There is a critical knowledge gap regarding the impacts of seismic air gun signals on the physiology of adult crustaceans. We conducted four controlled field experiments to examine the impact of seismic acoustic signals on spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii. Seismic air gun exposure suppressed total haemocyte count (THC) for up to 120days post-exposure, suggesting a chronic negative impact of immune competency. THC levels after 365days post-exposure, were elevated two fold, potentially indicating an immune response to infection. Haemolymph refractive index was reduced after 120days post exposure in one experiment, suggesting a chronic impairment of nutritional condition. There was no effect of air gun exposure on 24 haemolymph biochemical parameters, hepatopancreas index or survival. Collectively these results indicate that the biochemical haematological homeostasis of J. edwardsii is reasonably resilient to seismic acoustic signals, however, air gun exposure may negatively influence the lobster's nutritional condition and immunological capacity.

ACS Style

Quinn P. Fitzgibbon; Ryan Day; Robert D. McCauley; Cedric Simon; Jayson Semmens. The impact of seismic air gun exposure on the haemolymph physiology and nutritional condition of spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2017, 125, 146 -156.

AMA Style

Quinn P. Fitzgibbon, Ryan Day, Robert D. McCauley, Cedric Simon, Jayson Semmens. The impact of seismic air gun exposure on the haemolymph physiology and nutritional condition of spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2017; 125 (1-2):146-156.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Quinn P. Fitzgibbon; Ryan Day; Robert D. McCauley; Cedric Simon; Jayson Semmens. 2017. "The impact of seismic air gun exposure on the haemolymph physiology and nutritional condition of spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii." Marine Pollution Bulletin 125, no. 1-2: 146-156.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2017 in Aquaculture
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The spiny lobster Sagmariasus verreauxi is an emerging lobster species for intensive aquaculture. The lack of any nutritional information required for feed development in this species initiated this study to understand the effect of different dietary lipid sources on tissue lipid profiles and expression of selected lipid metabolising genes. Krill oil, marine oil (blend of fish oils), and vegetable oil (combination of linseed and palm oil), were utilised to formulate three experimental feeds with different phospholipid, triacylglycerol and polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles. Experimental feeds were administered to freshly moulted juvenile S. verreauxi for 50 to 55 days, to determine the effect of lipid sources on the nutritional status, fatty acid composition and expression of genes related to fatty acid biosynthesis, β-oxidation, lipid catabolism and regulation of lipid metabolism. While there were no significant differences in terms of weight gain and mortality among different dietary treatments, the fatty acids composition in the hepatopancreas and to some extent, muscle tissues correlated with the fatty acids composition of the respective dietary treatments. Vegetable oil diet resulted in higher expression of genes related to β-oxidation, which indicates selectivity towards utilisation of monounsaturated fatty acids for energy in this species. In tandem, genes related to fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis were upregulated, suggesting their importance in marine lobster diet. This is the first report on the use of formulated feeds to successfully maintain juvenile S. verreauxi

ACS Style

Alexander Chong Shu-Chien; Wan-Yin Han; Chris G. Carter; Quinn Fitzgibbon; Cedric Simon; Meng-Kiat Kuah; Stephen C. Battaglene; Mohamed Codabaccus; Tomer Ventura. Effect of dietary lipid source on expression of lipid metabolism genes and tissue lipid profile in juvenile spiny lobster Sagmariasus verreauxi. Aquaculture 2017, 479, 342 -351.

AMA Style

Alexander Chong Shu-Chien, Wan-Yin Han, Chris G. Carter, Quinn Fitzgibbon, Cedric Simon, Meng-Kiat Kuah, Stephen C. Battaglene, Mohamed Codabaccus, Tomer Ventura. Effect of dietary lipid source on expression of lipid metabolism genes and tissue lipid profile in juvenile spiny lobster Sagmariasus verreauxi. Aquaculture. 2017; 479 ():342-351.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexander Chong Shu-Chien; Wan-Yin Han; Chris G. Carter; Quinn Fitzgibbon; Cedric Simon; Meng-Kiat Kuah; Stephen C. Battaglene; Mohamed Codabaccus; Tomer Ventura. 2017. "Effect of dietary lipid source on expression of lipid metabolism genes and tissue lipid profile in juvenile spiny lobster Sagmariasus verreauxi." Aquaculture 479, no. : 342-351.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2017 in Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
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We examined the effects of temperature on the growth, feeding, nutritional condition and aerobic metabolism of juvenile spiny lobster, Sagmariasus verreauxi, in order to determine if temperature acclimated aerobic scope correlates with optimum for growth and to establish the thermal tolerance window for this emerging aquaculture species. Juvenile lobsters (initial weight=10.95±0.47g) were reared (n=7) at temperatures from 11.0 to 28.5°C for 145days. All lobsters survived from 14.5 to 25.0°C while survival was reduced at 11.0°C (86%) and all lobsters died at 28.5°C. Lobster specific growth rate and specific feed consumption displayed a unimodal response with temperature, peaking at 21.5°C. Lobster standard, routine and maximum metabolic rates, and aerobic scope all increased exponentially up to maximum non-lethal temperature. Optimum temperature for growth did not correspond to that for maximum aerobic scope suggesting that aerobic scope is not an effective predictor of the thermal optimum of spiny lobsters. Plateauing of specific feed consumption beyond 21.5°C suggests that temperature dependent growth of lobsters is limited by capacity to ingest or digest sufficient food to meet increasing maintenance metabolic demands at high temperatures. The nutritional condition of lobsters was not influenced by temperature and feed conversion ratio was improved at lower temperatures. These findings add to a growing body of evidence questioning the generality of aerobic scope to describe the physiological thermal boundaries of aquatic ectotherms and suggest that feed intake plays a crucial role in regulating performance at thermal extremes.

ACS Style

Quinn P. FitzGibbon; Cedric Simon; Gregory Smith; Chris G. Carter; Stephen C. Battaglene. Temperature dependent growth, feeding, nutritional condition and aerobic metabolism of juvenile spiny lobster, Sagmariasus verreauxi. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 2017, 207, 13 -20.

AMA Style

Quinn P. FitzGibbon, Cedric Simon, Gregory Smith, Chris G. Carter, Stephen C. Battaglene. Temperature dependent growth, feeding, nutritional condition and aerobic metabolism of juvenile spiny lobster, Sagmariasus verreauxi. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology. 2017; 207 ():13-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Quinn P. FitzGibbon; Cedric Simon; Gregory Smith; Chris G. Carter; Stephen C. Battaglene. 2017. "Temperature dependent growth, feeding, nutritional condition and aerobic metabolism of juvenile spiny lobster, Sagmariasus verreauxi." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 207, no. : 13-20.

Research article
Published: 15 November 2016 in PLOS ONE
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The southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) industry in Australia favours red lobsters, which are usually caught in shallow waters, over paler (brindle) lobsters. This preference is driven partly by the Chinese market, where red is associated with luck and prosperity, and additionally, by the widely held perception within the industry that brindles have greater mortality rates during out of water transport than reds. Limited scientific evidence supports these industry observations; however, these studies did not evaluate the initial condition of lobsters. This study aimed first, to determine which variables better describe condition in J. edwardsii and second, to compare condition among lobsters in several sites around Tasmania at the typical time of high transport mortality. Male lobsters were collected from the South West, South East, East and North coast of Tasmania in late November/December 2014, which correspond to the start of the Tasmanian fishing season. A comprehensive condition assessment was applied by measuring tissue proximal composition, Brix index, Total Haemocyte Count, pH, haemocyanin and another 16 haemolymph parameters of interest. A useful framework to compare condition in J. edwardsii was established by first, using Brix index as a measure of nutritional condition, second, using pH, magnesium, and bicarbonate to evaluate differences in physiological condition and finally, using THC counts as a proxy for lobster health condition. Lobsters from different sites had different nutritional, physiological and health condition, consistent with industry observations, however our results indicate that some red shallow water lobsters exhibited poorer nutritional and health condition, while some deep water brindle lobsters were in good condition. Differences in condition could not be directly associated to catch depth of lobsters and was related to other spatially discrete factors which sometimes vary over distances <3 km.

ACS Style

Tania Mendo; Cédric Simon; Bridget Green; Caleb Gardner. Spatial Variability in Condition of Southern Rock Lobsters (Jasus edwardsii) at the Start of the Tasmanian Fishing Season. PLOS ONE 2016, 11, e0166343 .

AMA Style

Tania Mendo, Cédric Simon, Bridget Green, Caleb Gardner. Spatial Variability in Condition of Southern Rock Lobsters (Jasus edwardsii) at the Start of the Tasmanian Fishing Season. PLOS ONE. 2016; 11 (11):e0166343.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tania Mendo; Cédric Simon; Bridget Green; Caleb Gardner. 2016. "Spatial Variability in Condition of Southern Rock Lobsters (Jasus edwardsii) at the Start of the Tasmanian Fishing Season." PLOS ONE 11, no. 11: e0166343.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2016 in Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
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Mortality events during live transport of Jasus edwardsii rock lobsters are common around the time of season openings in Tasmania, with lobsters from deeper fishing areas with pale shell colouration (brindle) being perceived as more susceptible than shallow-water, red-coloured (red) lobsters. The aims of this study were to assess and predict the vulnerability of brindle and red lobsters to extended emersion exposure using pre- and post-emersion data which included 28 haemolymph biochemical parameters and 5 behaviour traits. No effect of lobster shell colour on haemolymph biochemistry, behaviour traits and their vulnerability to emersion was found. A combined survival of 97% after 40h and 57% after 64h in a first experiment, and 37% after 64h in a second experiment, was observed. Behaviour traits (i.e., righting response, tail flips and three reflex behaviours) were poor indicator of survival. Haemolymph parameters were either unaffected by emersion (e.g., Brix index, protein and lipids), affected by emersion but not associated with mortality (e.g., total haemocyte counts, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, glucose and uric acid), or associated with mortality following a recovery period (e.g., pH, the sodium to potassium ratio, urea, and the activity of amylase). A build-up of anaerobic end-products and nitrogenous waste most likely resulted in the mortality. A model based on lobster size and the pre-emersion concentration of haemolymph bicarbonate and haemocyanin was found to be a useful indicator of future survival. This study provides promising leads towards the development of a blood based vulnerability test for live crustacean prior transport.

ACS Style

Cedric J. Simon; Tania Mendo; Bridget S. Green; Caleb Gardner. Predicting transport survival of brindle and red rock lobsters Jasus edwardsii using haemolymph biochemistry and behaviour traits. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 2016, 201, 101 -109.

AMA Style

Cedric J. Simon, Tania Mendo, Bridget S. Green, Caleb Gardner. Predicting transport survival of brindle and red rock lobsters Jasus edwardsii using haemolymph biochemistry and behaviour traits. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology. 2016; 201 ():101-109.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cedric J. Simon; Tania Mendo; Bridget S. Green; Caleb Gardner. 2016. "Predicting transport survival of brindle and red rock lobsters Jasus edwardsii using haemolymph biochemistry and behaviour traits." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 201, no. : 101-109.

Research article
Published: 21 July 2016 in PLOS ONE
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Rapid non-invasive monitoring of spiny lobster nutritional condition has considerable application in the established fishery, live market and prospective aquaculture. The aim of this research was to test the feasibility of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a novel non-invasive tool to assess the nutritional condition of three lobster species. Lobster (n = 92) abdominal muscle dry matter (AMDM) and carbon content (AMC) correlated significantly with indices of nutritional condition including hepatopancreas dry matter (HPDM; rho = 0.83, 0.78), total lipid content (HPTL; rho = 0.85, 0.87) and haemolymph total protein (TP; rho = 0.89, 0.87 respectively). Abdominal muscle nitrogen content (AMN) was a poor correlate of nutritional condition. Models based on FT-NIR scanning of whole lobster tails successfully predicted AMDM, AMN and AMC (RMSECV = 1.41%, 0.35% and 0.91%; R2 = 0.75, 0.65, 0.77, respectively), and to a lower accuracy HPDM, HPTL and TP (RMSECV = 6.22%, 8.37%, 18.4 g l-1; R2 = 0.51, 0.70, 0.83, respectively). NIRS was applied successfully to assess the condition of spiny lobsters non-invasively. This pilot study paves the way for the development of crustacean condition models using portable non-invasive devices in the laboratory or in the field.

ACS Style

Cedric J. Simon; Thomas Rodemann; Chris G. Carter. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy as a Novel Non-Invasive Tool to Assess Spiny Lobster Nutritional Condition. PLOS ONE 2016, 11, e0159671 .

AMA Style

Cedric J. Simon, Thomas Rodemann, Chris G. Carter. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy as a Novel Non-Invasive Tool to Assess Spiny Lobster Nutritional Condition. PLOS ONE. 2016; 11 (7):e0159671.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cedric J. Simon; Thomas Rodemann; Chris G. Carter. 2016. "Near-Infrared Spectroscopy as a Novel Non-Invasive Tool to Assess Spiny Lobster Nutritional Condition." PLOS ONE 11, no. 7: e0159671.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2015 in Physiological and Biochemical Zoology
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The nutritional condition of cultured Sagmariasus verreauxi juveniles over the molt and during starvation was investigated by studying their metabolism, bioenergetics of nutrient reserves, and hemolymph biochemistry. Juveniles were shown to downregulate standard metabolic rate by as much as 52% within 14 d during starvation. Hepatopancreas (HP) lipid was prioritized as a source of energy, but this reserve represented only between 1% and 13% of the total measured energy reserve and was used quickly during starvation, especially in the immediate postmolt period when as much as 60% was depleted within 3 d. Abdominal muscle (AM) protein represented between 74% and 90% of the total measured energy reserve in juvenile lobsters, and as much as 40% of available AM protein energy was used over 28 d of starvation after the molt. Carbohydrate reserves represented less than 2% of the measured total energy reserve in fed intermolt lobsters and provided negligible energy during starvation. Eighteen hemolymph parameters were measured to identify a nondestructive biomarker of condition that would reflect accurately the state of energy reserves of the lobster. Among these, the hemolymph Brix index was the most accurate and practical method to predict HP lipid and the total energy content of both the HP and the AM in juvenile S. verreauxi. The Brix index was strongly correlated with hemolymph proteins, triglyceride, cholesterol, calcium, and phosphorus concentrations, as well as lipase activity; all were useful in predicting condition. Electrolytes such as chloride, magnesium, and potassium and metabolites such as glucose and lactate were poor indicators of nutritional condition. Uric acid and the "albumin"-to-"globulin" ratio provided complementary information to the Brix index, which may assist in determining nutritional condition of wild juvenile lobsters of unknown intermolt development. This study will greatly assist future ecological studies examining the nutritional condition of juvenile lobsters in the wild, as well as the development of husbandry protocols and feeds for aquaculture.

ACS Style

Cedric Simon; Quinn Fitzgibbon; A. Battison; Chris G. Carter; S. C. Battaglene. Bioenergetics of Nutrient Reserves and Metabolism in Spiny Lobster Juveniles Sagmariasus verreauxi: Predicting Nutritional Condition from Hemolymph Biochemistry. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 2015, 88, 266 -283.

AMA Style

Cedric Simon, Quinn Fitzgibbon, A. Battison, Chris G. Carter, S. C. Battaglene. Bioenergetics of Nutrient Reserves and Metabolism in Spiny Lobster Juveniles Sagmariasus verreauxi: Predicting Nutritional Condition from Hemolymph Biochemistry. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. 2015; 88 (3):266-283.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cedric Simon; Quinn Fitzgibbon; A. Battison; Chris G. Carter; S. C. Battaglene. 2015. "Bioenergetics of Nutrient Reserves and Metabolism in Spiny Lobster Juveniles Sagmariasus verreauxi: Predicting Nutritional Condition from Hemolymph Biochemistry." Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 88, no. 3: 266-283.

Journal article
Published: 25 November 2014 in ZooKeys
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The Southern rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii, is a temperate species of spiny lobster with established well managed fisheries in Australia and New Zealand. It has also been under consideration as a species with aquaculture potential. Agonistic behaviour has important consequences under aquaculture conditions that encompass direct effects, such as damage or death of protagonists, and indirect effects on growth that relate to resource access, principally food and refuge. This study aimed to identify and characterize behaviours and to make a preliminary investigation of their occurrence under tank culture. Juvenile Jasus edwardsii were examined in a flow-through seawater system using a remote video camera system. Twenty-nine behaviours were divided into three sub-groups: aggressive (11), avoidance (6) and others (12). Aggressive behaviours included attacks, pushing, lifting, clasping and carrying an opponent. Avoidance behaviours included moving away in a backwards-, forwards- or side-stepping motion as well as with more vigorous tail flips. These behaviours were components of twelve behavioural groups that described contact, attack and displacement between individuals. Activity was crepuscular with two clear peaks, one in the morning and the other in the evening. The occurrence of behavioural groups was not different between the morning and evening. The frequency of aggressive behaviours was not affected by changes made to stocking density or access to food. The implications of agonistic behaviours are discussed further in relation to developing aquaculture.

ACS Style

Chris Carter; Heath Westbury; Bradley Crear; Cedric Simon; Craig Thomas. Agonistic behaviour in juvenile southern rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii (Decapoda, Palinuridae): implications for developing aquaculture. ZooKeys 2014, 457, 323 -337.

AMA Style

Chris Carter, Heath Westbury, Bradley Crear, Cedric Simon, Craig Thomas. Agonistic behaviour in juvenile southern rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii (Decapoda, Palinuridae): implications for developing aquaculture. ZooKeys. 2014; 457 (457):323-337.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chris Carter; Heath Westbury; Bradley Crear; Cedric Simon; Craig Thomas. 2014. "Agonistic behaviour in juvenile southern rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii (Decapoda, Palinuridae): implications for developing aquaculture." ZooKeys 457, no. 457: 323-337.

Journal article
Published: 21 June 2014 in Reviews in Aquaculture
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The development of cost‐effective and nutritionally adequate formulated feeds is a key step for developing sustainable technologies for new aquaculture species. There has been many research effort for over 30 years on feed development for spiny lobsters, but amazingly, poor performance of formulated feeds remains one of the major obstacles to progressing commercial aquaculture of these crustaceans. This is partially due to a lack of information on how spiny lobsters digest and assimilate formulated feeds. The aim of this review is to integrate recent information on the digestive physiology of spiny lobsters to identify areas where further studies are needed for advancing to more physiologically tailored formulated feeds. Increasing the efficiency of mechanical and chemical digestion is imperative for better digestion of formulated feeds. This is likely to be achieved by improving feed format, reducing the particle size of ingredients, using digestible binders, preprocessing or selecting more soluble macronutrients and supplementing feeds with additives such as pH buffers, emulsifying agents and/or exogenous enzymes. Future research needs to adopt a holistic approach for investigating the digestive processes in spiny lobsters by focusing on digestion as well as downstream processes. The protein‐sparing effect of lipids and carbohydrates on spiny lobster metabolism is of a particular significance as the spiny lobster metabolism is strongly directed towards the use of protein. This review provides important insights, practical solutions and key research directions to improve both our understanding of spiny lobster digestive physiology and the performance of formulated feeds for spiny lobsters.

ACS Style

Erick Perera; Cedric Simon. Digestive physiology of spiny lobsters: implications for formulated diet development. Reviews in Aquaculture 2014, 7, 243 -261.

AMA Style

Erick Perera, Cedric Simon. Digestive physiology of spiny lobsters: implications for formulated diet development. Reviews in Aquaculture. 2014; 7 (4):243-261.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Erick Perera; Cedric Simon. 2014. "Digestive physiology of spiny lobsters: implications for formulated diet development." Reviews in Aquaculture 7, no. 4: 243-261.