Intensification of the shrimp sector, also referred to as vertical expansion, has been predominately driven by consecutive incidences of global disease outbreaks, which have caused enormous economic loss for the main producer countries. A growing segment of the shrimp farming industry has opted to use production systems with higher density, biosecurity, and operating control to mitigate the risks posed by disease. However, successful super-intensive shrimp production is reliant on an advanced understanding of many important biological and economic parameters in the farming system, coupled with effective monitoring, to maintain optimal production. Compared to traditional extensive or semi-intensive systems, super-intensive systems require higher inputs of feed, energy, labor, and supplements. These systems are highly sensitive to the interactions between these different inputs and require that the biological and economical parameters of farming are carefully balanced to ensure success. Advancing nutritional knowledge and tools to support consistent and efficient production of shrimp in these high-cost super-intensive systems is also necessary. Breeding programs developing breeding-lines selected for these challenging super-intensive environments are critical. Understanding synergies between the key areas of production systems, nutrition, and breeding are crucial for super-intensive farming as all three areas coalesce to influence the health of shrimp and commercial farming success. This article reviews current strategies and innovations being used for Litopenaeus vannamei in production systems, nutrition, and breeding, and discusses the synergies across these areas that can support the production of healthy and high-quality shrimp in super-intensive systems. Finally, we briefly discuss some key issues of social license pertinent to the super-intensive shrimp farming industry.

The tolerance of Penaeus monodon embryos from five spawnings (families) to four different ozone doses in seawater [0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg L⁻¹, measured by the residual oxidant concentration (ROC)] was examined when applied for three exposure times (1, 2 and 4 min) at three post-spawning treatment times (25, 120 and 480 min post-spawning). Ozone dose typically had a larger affect on embryo hatching than exposure time and the ozone dose × exposure time interaction for most combinations of family and post-spawning treatment time. At ozone doses of 2.0 mg L⁻¹, embryos had lower hatchings than controls for all families at 25 and 120 min post-spawning, and for several combinations of family and exposure time at 480 min post-spawning. At ozone doses of 1.0 mg L⁻¹, the effect on embryo hatching was more varied between families and exposure times for the three post-spawning treatment times, but typically embryos were less affected when exposed at later post-spawning treatment times. Ozone doses of 0.5 mg L⁻¹ typically had minimal effects on hatching for all exposure times and post-spawning treatment times. In summary, later-stage P. monodon embryos typically tolerated ozone doses of up to 1.0 mg L⁻¹ in seawater for durations of up to 4 min.