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Rachel J. C. Chen
The Eric Friedheim Tourism Institute, Department of Tourism, Hospitality and Event Management, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA

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Journal article
Published: 13 May 2021 in Sustainability
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This study used a consumer survey to identify resources and services that are important to farmers’ market (FM) shoppers. The questionnaire was distributed onsite in six FMs in Tennessee, and a total of 506 FM shoppers responded. The most important resources and services in terms of a shopper’s decision to visit a FM are identified as supporting local food, quality, friendly, and diverse vendors, and food origin. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) reveals that convenience and close to home are more important to women; price is more important to younger and lower-income shoppers, while quality, convenience, interaction with farmers/producers, and food origin are more important to older shoppers. Content analysis indicated that FM shoppers were impressed with FM atmosphere and liked the quality, variety, and convenience provided by FMs, but disliked not having clear information such as product labels and websites.

ACS Style

Chao-Jung Chen; Tun-Hsiang Yu; Rachel Fu. Strategic Management for Community-Based Markets: From Consumers’ Perspectives and Experiences. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5469 .

AMA Style

Chao-Jung Chen, Tun-Hsiang Yu, Rachel Fu. Strategic Management for Community-Based Markets: From Consumers’ Perspectives and Experiences. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5469.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chao-Jung Chen; Tun-Hsiang Yu; Rachel Fu. 2021. "Strategic Management for Community-Based Markets: From Consumers’ Perspectives and Experiences." Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5469.

Journal article
Published: 15 December 2020 in Sustainability
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Current research investigating the accommodation experience in the sharing economy in China is limited, especially from a cross-cultural perspective. To fill this gap, this study examined the accommodation experience of Airbnb guests using text-mining techniques and compared the accommodation experience perception between two culturally different groups: domestic Chinese and foreign English-speaking Airbnb guests. The results showed that the two groups shared eight common dimensions, including “Convenience/Location”, “Amenities”, “Feel at home”, “Check-in/out”, “Experience”, “Availability/Transportation”, “Host”, and “Style/Decoration”. However, there are differences in the relative importance of each dimension of accommodation experience between the domestic and foreign Airbnb guests. For example, the foreign guests more often mentioned homeliness, location/convenience, and availability/transportation, while the domestic guests showed greater interest in check-in procedures and style/decoration. Additionally, the two groups have several unique dimensions. The dimensions unique to foreign guests are “Recommendation” and “Booking flexibility”, while the dimensions unique to domestic guests are “Revisit” and “Cleanliness”. This study provides both theoretical and practical implications for peer-to-peer accommodation hosts and platforms. For example, Airbnb hosts can improve the satisfaction of Airbnb guests by improving several common extracted topics (e.g., amenities quality and host response) and the fact that foreign guests care more about homeliness, while domestic guests pay more attention to the check-in process and house design and decoration.

ACS Style

Zhihua Zhang; Rachel Fu. Accommodation Experience in the Sharing Economy: A Comparative Study of Airbnb Online Reviews. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10500 .

AMA Style

Zhihua Zhang, Rachel Fu. Accommodation Experience in the Sharing Economy: A Comparative Study of Airbnb Online Reviews. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (24):10500.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhihua Zhang; Rachel Fu. 2020. "Accommodation Experience in the Sharing Economy: A Comparative Study of Airbnb Online Reviews." Sustainability 12, no. 24: 10500.

Journal article
Published: 02 November 2020 in Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management
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With the recent pushes for reducing environmental impacts, hotels have changed their advertising strategies from selling product or service benefits to promoting eco-friendly business practices. Viewing green advertising as a primary CSR marketing practice of hotels, this study examined the effects of green marketing cause and ad appeal types on consumer perceptions, and the procedural mechanism (perceptions, attitudes, persuasion, and behavioral intentions) with regards to consumers’ ad responses. Using an experimental design involving fictitious ads, we examined the impacts of cause and appeal types on consumer perceptions, while controlling for an environmental consciousness level. Based on a sample of 711 US consumers, the result showed that ads using a public-serving cause generated more positive affective perceptions, while a hard-sell appeal generated more positive cognitive ones. The result further showed that affective and cognitive perceptions positively influenced affective and cognitive attitudes toward the ad (Aad), respectively, and these attitudes led to persuasion and behavioral intentions. The result also showed that cognitive ad attitude as a partial mediator between affective ad attitude and persuasion made a stronger influence on persuasion than affective ad attitude did. This study provides practical implications to hotel marketers in tailoring green advertising strategies to improve communication with consumers.

ACS Style

Donghwan Yoon; Youn-Kyung Kim; Rachel J.C. Fu. How can hotels’ green advertising be persuasive to consumers? An information processing perspective. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 2020, 45, 511 -519.

AMA Style

Donghwan Yoon, Youn-Kyung Kim, Rachel J.C. Fu. How can hotels’ green advertising be persuasive to consumers? An information processing perspective. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management. 2020; 45 ():511-519.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Donghwan Yoon; Youn-Kyung Kim; Rachel J.C. Fu. 2020. "How can hotels’ green advertising be persuasive to consumers? An information processing perspective." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 45, no. : 511-519.

Journal article
Published: 26 April 2019 in Sustainability
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City managers and planners seek insights into Airbnb logistics in cities for the purposes of effective lodging management. This requires managers and planners to gain a holistic understanding of Airbnb geographic dynamics, which has drawn limited attention in the literature. To fill this gap, this paper explored Airbnb supply and logistics in three cities (New York City, Los Angeles, and Chicago) through the lenses of geographic clustering and location convenience. We explored the spatial allocations of Airbnb supply in cities and investigated Airbnb’s influencing factors at the census tract level, utilizing spatial regression models. The results showed that (1) the spatial distribution of Airbnb supply in all three cities has a clear center-peripheral pattern, indicating that Airbnb allocations predominate in the central area of the city; (2) the number of housing units and points of interest (POI) have an influential impact on Airbnb supply for three cities; (3) the proportion of youth population and employment has a positive effect on Airbnb supply in NYC and Chicago, but not in LA, while the distance to the city center negatively affects Airbnb supply in LA and Chicago, but not in NYC; (4) the income has a mixed effect on Airbnb supply in three cities, while the proportion of African Americans and education level has only a positive effect on Airbnb supply in NYC; and (5) rent is not associated with Airbnb supply for all three cities, which indicates that the Airbnb explosion may not contribute to rent increases in cities.

ACS Style

Zhihua Zhang; Rachel J.C. Chen. Assessing Airbnb Logistics in Cities: Geographic Information System and Convenience Theory. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2462 .

AMA Style

Zhihua Zhang, Rachel J.C. Chen. Assessing Airbnb Logistics in Cities: Geographic Information System and Convenience Theory. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (9):2462.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhihua Zhang; Rachel J.C. Chen. 2019. "Assessing Airbnb Logistics in Cities: Geographic Information System and Convenience Theory." Sustainability 11, no. 9: 2462.

Journal article
Published: 26 April 2019 in Journal of Sustainable Development
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Knowing tourists’ preferences and experiences with respect to their national park visits is of great importance to implementing strategically sustainable development of national parks. Flickr geotagged photos are utilized and analyzed as our main data source. We included 7090 photos from 626 people in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park to investigate visitors’ behaviors through the presentations of photo spatial and temporal patterns. The results indicated that tourist behaviors that reflect on what they like and enjoy during their park visits can be extracted from geotagged social media data in terms of frequency and length of enjoyment as visitors’ preferred spots.

ACS Style

Zhihua Zhang; Rachel J. C. Chen; Lee D. Han. Strategic Sustainable Development Through the Lenses of Tourists’ Preferences: A Geotagged Photo Approach. Journal of Sustainable Development 2019, 12, p12 .

AMA Style

Zhihua Zhang, Rachel J. C. Chen, Lee D. Han. Strategic Sustainable Development Through the Lenses of Tourists’ Preferences: A Geotagged Photo Approach. Journal of Sustainable Development. 2019; 12 (3):p12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhihua Zhang; Rachel J. C. Chen; Lee D. Han. 2019. "Strategic Sustainable Development Through the Lenses of Tourists’ Preferences: A Geotagged Photo Approach." Journal of Sustainable Development 12, no. 3: p12.

Journal article
Published: 04 August 2018 in Sustainability
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Food waste mitigation is a critical means of addressing current and future economic, social and environmental concerns, to ensure enough food to feed the world’s growing population in a sustainable way. U.S. federal, state, and local governments have recognized the importance of food waste issues. A variety of policies associated with food waste management, food reduction, and food donation are set to allow and incentivize individuals, organizations and businesses to reduce their food waste. This study focuses on investigating current food waste prevention and diversion activities using data drawn from two U.S. waste reduction recognition programs, the U.S. Food Waste Challenge (FWC) and the EPA Food Recovery Challenge (FRC). Participants involved in these two programs follow the EPA Food Recovery Hierarchy to prevent and divert their food waste. Descriptive statistics, crosstabs, and content analysis were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that a majority of participants were in the food store category, and that Region 9 had the highest participation rate; the top three food waste prevention and diversion activities were food donation, source reduction, and collaboration/partnership. Different strategies used in different categories by FRC awardees were identified. The results of this study can be used to identify changes and strategies needed in practices, programs, and policies. The outcomes of the study provide a clear picture regarding what has been done and what needs to be done more in the future.

ACS Style

C. Rita Chen; Rachel J. C. Chen. Using Two Government Food Waste Recognition Programs to Understand Current Reducing Food Loss and Waste Activities in the U.S. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2760 .

AMA Style

C. Rita Chen, Rachel J. C. Chen. Using Two Government Food Waste Recognition Programs to Understand Current Reducing Food Loss and Waste Activities in the U.S. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (8):2760.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. Rita Chen; Rachel J. C. Chen. 2018. "Using Two Government Food Waste Recognition Programs to Understand Current Reducing Food Loss and Waste Activities in the U.S." Sustainability 10, no. 8: 2760.

Journal article
Published: 14 September 2017 in Sustainability
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Airbnb has been increasingly gaining popularity since 2008 due to its low prices and direct interactions with the local community. This paper employed a general linear model (GLM) and a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model to identify the key factors affecting Airbnb listing prices using data sets of 794 samples of Airbnb listings of business units in Metro Nashville, Tennessee. The results showed that the GWR model performs better than the GLM in terms of accuracy and affected variable selections. Statistically significant differences varied across regions in Metro Nashville. The coefficients illustrate a decreasing trend while there is an increase in the distance from the listed units to the convention center, which indicates that Airbnb listing prices are more sensitive to the distance from the convention center in the central area than in other areas. These findings can also provide implications for stakeholders such as Airbnb hosts to gain a better understanding of the market situation and formulate a suitable pricing strategy.

ACS Style

Zhihua Zhang; Rachel J. C. Chen; Lee D. Han; Lu Yang. Key Factors Affecting the Price of Airbnb Listings: A Geographically Weighted Approach. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1635 .

AMA Style

Zhihua Zhang, Rachel J. C. Chen, Lee D. Han, Lu Yang. Key Factors Affecting the Price of Airbnb Listings: A Geographically Weighted Approach. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (9):1635.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhihua Zhang; Rachel J. C. Chen; Lee D. Han; Lu Yang. 2017. "Key Factors Affecting the Price of Airbnb Listings: A Geographically Weighted Approach." Sustainability 9, no. 9: 1635.

Journal article
Published: 12 September 2016 in Sustainability
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Since the Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC) was founded in 1965, various reports have been presented to summarize the progress in terms of economic development, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats among studied communities in the Appalachian region. The purposes of this study were to investigate (1) the condition and usage of facilities and services in the studied communities; (2) what factors contribute to local growth in improving areas; and (3) what barriers deter growth in the studied communities based on the perceptions of study participants. Ten studied counties were categorized based on their topography, demographics, and economics. Each sub-region has two selected counties (non-distressed and distressed) to represent and compare their similar topography and various stages of demographic opportunities and economic development and challenges. Location is recognized as one of the significant factors that affect communities’ development. Counties perform better when they are adjacent to urban areas, own major transportation corridors, and have more supplies of natural resources than those located in more rural areas with fewer resources. This study noted the need to improve communication infrastructure (such as Internet access, broadband, and mobile communications) that impact local development opportunities and public safety.

ACS Style

Rachel J. C. Chen. What Can Rural Communities Do to Be Sustained? Sustainability 2016, 8, 930 .

AMA Style

Rachel J. C. Chen. What Can Rural Communities Do to Be Sustained? Sustainability. 2016; 8 (9):930.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rachel J. C. Chen. 2016. "What Can Rural Communities Do to Be Sustained?" Sustainability 8, no. 9: 930.

Journal article
Published: 08 September 2015 in Sustainability
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Mystery shopping has been used to objectively measure whether employees follow the visions of a company’s quality service standards. It then creates a feedback loop that allows companies to train their employees to consistently deliver quality services. The main purposes of this project are aimed at examining (1) the overall benefits of mystery shopper projects in the hospitality business through literature reviews; and (2) the importance of how a company can work with an outside agency (consultant, academic institution, etc.) to develop a mystery shopping program that can enhance and complement ongoing service quality programs. A casual steakhouse restaurant in the Eastern U.S. was selected as our pilot project. The basic concept of using secret shoppers is to have individuals experience real-time and onsite quality of services and record how the mystery shoppers felt about the quality of services and if the employees met or exceeded the company’s standards. For this reason, the authors believe that mystery shopping, especially in hospitality, is an important means of developing and maintaining a sustainable business. While the sustainability of a business is largely dependent upon “people, profits and planet” in the hospitality industry, it is also dependent upon meeting service standards and developing a feedback loop. Mystery shopping programs have demonstrated their ability to contribute to organizations in this regard.

ACS Style

Rachel J. C. Chen; Clayton W. Barrows. Developing a Mystery Shopping Measure to Operate a Sustainable Restaurant Business: The Power of Integrating with Corporate Executive Members’ Feedback. Sustainability 2015, 7, 12279 -12294.

AMA Style

Rachel J. C. Chen, Clayton W. Barrows. Developing a Mystery Shopping Measure to Operate a Sustainable Restaurant Business: The Power of Integrating with Corporate Executive Members’ Feedback. Sustainability. 2015; 7 (9):12279-12294.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rachel J. C. Chen; Clayton W. Barrows. 2015. "Developing a Mystery Shopping Measure to Operate a Sustainable Restaurant Business: The Power of Integrating with Corporate Executive Members’ Feedback." Sustainability 7, no. 9: 12279-12294.

Editorial
Published: 30 September 2014 in Sustainability
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Companies understand the importance of monitoring and managing their environmental impacts and aim to integrate, with consistent quality control, effective reduce-reuse-recycle programs and risk preventions. By building an integrated sustainable business and development system to meet certain environmental standards, many companies are eligible to be “green” certified. Companies may consider recognizing global visions on sustainability while implementing local best practices. An integrated sustainable business and development system includes talent management, sustainable supply chain, practicing strategies of leveraging resources effectively, implementing social responsibilities, initiating innovative programs of recycling, reducing, and reusing, advancing leaders’ perceptions towards sustainability, reducing innovation barriers, and engaging sustainable practices strategically.

ACS Style

Rachel J. C. Chen. An Integrated Sustainable Business and Development System: Thoughts and Opinions. Sustainability 2014, 6, 6862 -6871.

AMA Style

Rachel J. C. Chen. An Integrated Sustainable Business and Development System: Thoughts and Opinions. Sustainability. 2014; 6 (10):6862-6871.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rachel J. C. Chen. 2014. "An Integrated Sustainable Business and Development System: Thoughts and Opinions." Sustainability 6, no. 10: 6862-6871.

Journal article
Published: 05 February 2013 in Sustainability
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The purpose of this study was to (1) discover consumer purchasing behaviors while shopping as a tourist and shopping at home, and (2) investigate tourist shopping preferences for an ideal shopping environment. A sample of 1,235 respondents participated in this study. Survey participants were asked to evaluate what store attributes they desired and what sources of information they used while selecting a store to shop in during their trips. Results indicate that consumers utilized various shopping channels while shopping in various environments. Also, different types of consumers exhibited clear preferences toward their ideal shopping environment. The results of this study are helpful for future service providers, tourism businesses, and tourism retailers to plan product development, provide better services, and equip a wider range of service skills.

ACS Style

Rachel J.C. Chen. How Can Stores Sustain Their Businesses? From Shopping Behaviors and Motivations to Environment Preferences. Sustainability 2013, 5, 617 -628.

AMA Style

Rachel J.C. Chen. How Can Stores Sustain Their Businesses? From Shopping Behaviors and Motivations to Environment Preferences. Sustainability. 2013; 5 (2):617-628.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rachel J.C. Chen. 2013. "How Can Stores Sustain Their Businesses? From Shopping Behaviors and Motivations to Environment Preferences." Sustainability 5, no. 2: 617-628.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2012 in International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration
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It has become a common practice for tourism organizations to form alliances in cooperative marketing efforts. The purpose of this exploratory study is to examine some of the specific motivations and constraints for tourism organizations to share knowledge and participate in tourism alliances. These results suggest that tourism professionals that feel positively towards tourism alliances still may feel uncomfortable sharing knowledge because of the possibility of loss of profit or confidentiality. The respondents with more industry experience report participating in strategic alliances more frequently than those respondents with little experience.

ACS Style

Laura G. Jetter; Rachel J. C. Chen. An Exploratory Investigation of Knowledge Sharing and Cooperative Marketing in Tourism Alliances. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration 2012, 13, 131 -144.

AMA Style

Laura G. Jetter, Rachel J. C. Chen. An Exploratory Investigation of Knowledge Sharing and Cooperative Marketing in Tourism Alliances. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration. 2012; 13 (2):131-144.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura G. Jetter; Rachel J. C. Chen. 2012. "An Exploratory Investigation of Knowledge Sharing and Cooperative Marketing in Tourism Alliances." International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration 13, no. 2: 131-144.

Original articles
Published: 28 April 2011 in International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration
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The intensified competition among convention cities has created an increasing interest for cities to better understand how to market themselves as a convention destination. A city's image is one of the highest indicators of its success as a convention location. It becomes imperative for each city to specifically analyze its strengths and weaknesses. Because there is a lack of literature regarding medium-sized convention cities, this study compares Knoxville, Tennessee to other similarly populated cities in the southeastern United States. The perceived importance of city attributes and the tourism professional's perception of the strengths and weaknesses of the particular city as a convention destination are based on the years of experience of the tourism professional in the industry and participants' demographic characteristics. The sample of the study was industry professionals that attended the Tennessee Governor's Conference on Tourism held in Knoxville in September 2006. Implications from this study may be used to improve the competitive position of Knoxville as a convention destination.

ACS Style

Laura G. Jetter; Rachel J. C. Chen. Destination Branding and Images: Perceptions and Practices from Tourism Industry Professionals. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration 2011, 12, 174 -187.

AMA Style

Laura G. Jetter, Rachel J. C. Chen. Destination Branding and Images: Perceptions and Practices from Tourism Industry Professionals. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration. 2011; 12 (2):174-187.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura G. Jetter; Rachel J. C. Chen. 2011. "Destination Branding and Images: Perceptions and Practices from Tourism Industry Professionals." International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration 12, no. 2: 174-187.

Original articles
Published: 27 October 2010 in International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration
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The number of U.S. students who participated in study abroad programs has increased by 5% in the past decade. The main goal of this study is to understand the motivations and attitudes of students toward the selection of study abroad programs. Approximately 600 undergraduate students from a land-grant university in the Southeastern U.S. were randomly invited to participate in this study. Participants were approached at the 2 main entrances of the campus library due to its popularity, accessibility, convenient location, and diverse uses. A total of 192 usable surveys were collected in fall 2005. The survey instrument included three sections: (a) students' behaviors during their leisure trips, (b) students' perceptions toward study abroad programs and during an on-site trip, and (c) demographic profiles. Based on the results, promotional strategies for study abroad programs should highlight summer programs lasting 2 to 4 weeks. Opportunities for touring and social contact at low prices are also attractive to students. As study abroad programs become more popular among American students, the results of this study will be useful for institutions that have an interest in promoting student exchange programs. The results of this study can assist study abroad program marketers in promoting positive images of host destinations and providing better services for both receiving and generating institutions.

ACS Style

Ning He; Rachel J. C. Chen. College Students' Perceptions and Attitudes Toward the Selection of Study Abroad Programs. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration 2010, 11, 347 -359.

AMA Style

Ning He, Rachel J. C. Chen. College Students' Perceptions and Attitudes Toward the Selection of Study Abroad Programs. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration. 2010; 11 (4):347-359.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ning He; Rachel J. C. Chen. 2010. "College Students' Perceptions and Attitudes Toward the Selection of Study Abroad Programs." International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration 11, no. 4: 347-359.

Research article
Published: 01 February 2008 in Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research
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This study uses three major U.S. national parks as applications of statistically selecting appropriate methods to forecast attendance. Forecasting methods assessed include Naïve 1, Naïve 2, single moving average (SMA), single exponential smoothing (SES), Brown's, Holt's, autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), derived time series cross-section regression (TSCSREG), and time series analysis with explanatory variable models. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is used to measure the accuracy of forecasting methods. Based on the MAPE values, SMA produces the most accurate forecasting, followed closely by ARIMA, Brown's, and Naïve 1 models. Holt's and TSCSREG models produce the next most accurate forecasting, followed by SES, time series analysis with explanatory variable model, and Naïve 2. Methods used in this article are readily transferable to other hospitality and tourism data sets with annual visitation figures. Merits and limits of the proposed forecasting methods are discussed.

ACS Style

Rachel J. C. Chen; Peter Bloomfield; Frederick W. Cubbage. Comparing Forecasting Models in Tourism. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 2008, 32, 3 -21.

AMA Style

Rachel J. C. Chen, Peter Bloomfield, Frederick W. Cubbage. Comparing Forecasting Models in Tourism. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research. 2008; 32 (1):3-21.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rachel J. C. Chen; Peter Bloomfield; Frederick W. Cubbage. 2008. "Comparing Forecasting Models in Tourism." Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 32, no. 1: 3-21.

Review article
Published: 01 August 2007 in Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research
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ACS Style

Rachel J. C. Chen. Publications in Review: Tourism in Turbulent Times. Towards Safe Experiences for Visitors, by Jeff Wilks, Donna Pendergast, and Peter Leggat (Eds.). Advances in Tourism Research Series. Series Ed.: Stephen J. Page. London: Elsevier Ltd (84 Theobalds Road London WC1X 8RR UK), ISBN 10-0-08-044666-3, 2006, xxiv + 357 pages (tables, charts, references, index) (Hardcover back). Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 2007, 31, 411 -414.

AMA Style

Rachel J. C. Chen. Publications in Review: Tourism in Turbulent Times. Towards Safe Experiences for Visitors, by Jeff Wilks, Donna Pendergast, and Peter Leggat (Eds.). Advances in Tourism Research Series. Series Ed.: Stephen J. Page. London: Elsevier Ltd (84 Theobalds Road London WC1X 8RR UK), ISBN 10-0-08-044666-3, 2006, xxiv + 357 pages (tables, charts, references, index) (Hardcover back). Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research. 2007; 31 (3):411-414.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rachel J. C. Chen. 2007. "Publications in Review: Tourism in Turbulent Times. Towards Safe Experiences for Visitors, by Jeff Wilks, Donna Pendergast, and Peter Leggat (Eds.). Advances in Tourism Research Series. Series Ed.: Stephen J. Page. London: Elsevier Ltd (84 Theobalds Road London WC1X 8RR UK), ISBN 10-0-08-044666-3, 2006, xxiv + 357 pages (tables, charts, references, index) (Hardcover back)." Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 31, no. 3: 411-414.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2006 in Sustainable Development
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This paper introduces an island tourism multi-dimensional model. Its aim is to develop an approach for integrating quantitative models and qualitative techniques into a coherent and useful methodology. The island tourism multi-dimensional model is divided into several modules as presented in the paper. They include geographic information system applications, economic impact assessment, forecasting modeling, accessibility modeling, seasonality modeling and alternative modeling. Forecasting models, economic impact assessments and geographic information systems can be used to project forecasts and demonstrate sustainable and economic development issues. The paper demonstrates that the outcomes of the accessibility and seasonality modules can be used to generate strategic plans of marketing segments, service engagement and community involvement. It suggests that by using alternative modeling the output of quantitative analyses and the input of private, voluntary and public sectors at community, business and governmental levels can be integrated with each other. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.

ACS Style

Rachel J. C. Chen. Islands in Europe: development of an island tourism multi-dimensional model (ITMDM). Sustainable Development 2006, 14, 104 -114.

AMA Style

Rachel J. C. Chen. Islands in Europe: development of an island tourism multi-dimensional model (ITMDM). Sustainable Development. 2006; 14 (2):104-114.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rachel J. C. Chen. 2006. "Islands in Europe: development of an island tourism multi-dimensional model (ITMDM)." Sustainable Development 14, no. 2: 104-114.