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H. Zhang
School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK

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Preprint content
Published: 16 August 2021
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This paper proposes a concise concept for quantifying the shear/torsional stiffness of the laminated glass beams experimentally by introducing the Equivalent-Sectional Shear Modulus (ESSM), that is directly measured from the torque and sectional-rotation correlation with the torsion test and tailor-made photogrammetry technique. The advantage of this method is originated from the concept of measuring the overall rotation to torque response of a laminated glass beam altogether rather than the component individually. This eliminates the uncertainties of analytical approximations that are commonly adopted by most existing methods in which the composite shear/torsion stiffness is derived from its component mechanical properties. The photogrammetry technique increased the accuracy of the sectional rotation measurement by acquiring dense displacement sample points on the glass beam simultaneously. The accuracy of the photogrammetry setup and efficacy of the test design were proven by a micrometre and a monolithic glass beam test. One sample each for the polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and SentryGlas Plus (SGP) laminated glass beams were tested multiple times non-destructively to determine the ESSM. The result of the SGP laminated glass beam showed a closer agreement with the previous studies, however the result of the PVB laminated glass beam exhibited a larger difference from the previous studies. It also suggested that mechanical properties of the interlayer played an important role in the composite behaviour of the laminated glass beam. The experimental outcomes have demonstrated the proposed method is an accurate and effective technique for measuring the ESSM of laminated glass beams.

ACS Style

Kal Uheida; Yu Deng; Hexin Zhang; Laura Galuppi; JiaXiang Gao; Li Xie; Shuge Huang; Xuanshen Qin; Simon H F Wong; Jianwen Guo; Guangxin Zhang; Ahmed Mohamed. Evaluate equivalent-sectional shear modulus for laminated glass beams using in torsion tests and photogrammetry method. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Kal Uheida, Yu Deng, Hexin Zhang, Laura Galuppi, JiaXiang Gao, Li Xie, Shuge Huang, Xuanshen Qin, Simon H F Wong, Jianwen Guo, Guangxin Zhang, Ahmed Mohamed. Evaluate equivalent-sectional shear modulus for laminated glass beams using in torsion tests and photogrammetry method. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kal Uheida; Yu Deng; Hexin Zhang; Laura Galuppi; JiaXiang Gao; Li Xie; Shuge Huang; Xuanshen Qin; Simon H F Wong; Jianwen Guo; Guangxin Zhang; Ahmed Mohamed. 2021. "Evaluate equivalent-sectional shear modulus for laminated glass beams using in torsion tests and photogrammetry method." , no. : 1.

Research article
Published: 14 August 2021 in Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials
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This paper presents the experimental and analytical studies to investigate the effect of concentrated butt-joints on the flexural properties of laminated bamboo-timber flitch beam (BTFB, or bio-flitch beam). The experimental results reveal that the concentrated butt-joints significantly reduce the flexural strength of the BTFB. They also suggest that the failure mechanism of the BTFB with or without concentrated butt-joints are completely different but less evidence shows an obvious effect of the butt-joints on the modulus of elasticity in bending. In addition, laminated bamboo lumber with concentrated butt-joints is found to be unsuitable for structural applications. The analytical predictions are in close agreement with the experimental results that demonstrate the potentials of the proposed analytical model as a forensic investigation instrument to estimate the strength reduction of the structure, if the butt-jointed laminated bamboo was, unfortunately, used in construction.

ACS Style

Hexin Zhang; Niaz Gharavi; Simon Hf Wong; Yu Deng; Ali Bahadori-Jahromi; Suchart Limkatanyu; Yao Qiao; Js Kuang. Effect of concentrated Butt-Joints on flexural properties of laminated Bamboo-Timber flitch beams. Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Hexin Zhang, Niaz Gharavi, Simon Hf Wong, Yu Deng, Ali Bahadori-Jahromi, Suchart Limkatanyu, Yao Qiao, Js Kuang. Effect of concentrated Butt-Joints on flexural properties of laminated Bamboo-Timber flitch beams. Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hexin Zhang; Niaz Gharavi; Simon Hf Wong; Yu Deng; Ali Bahadori-Jahromi; Suchart Limkatanyu; Yao Qiao; Js Kuang. 2021. "Effect of concentrated Butt-Joints on flexural properties of laminated Bamboo-Timber flitch beams." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 28 July 2021 in Composite Structures
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Interface damage caused by the installation process accelerates damage initiation and evolution of composites joint during service. Accurate prediction of interface damage in the installation is crucial for the reliable application of composites joint. A physically-based 3D anisotropic progressive model was developed for predicting the interface damage of composites sleeved interference joint in the installation. The model employed the physically-based failure criteria considering in-situ strength effects and fiber kinking to characterize damage initiation. A cost-effective algorithm that quickly searches for the maximum fracture angle on the critical fracture plane was adopted to improve the calculation efficiency. Installation process simulations were conducted and validated with experiments. The influence of interface friction coefficient on the press-in load and interface damage were analyzed. Results show that the press-in load in the installation process is primarily dependent on the interface friction of bolt-sleeve interface. To alleviate the interface damage, aside from keeping the friction coefficient of bolt-sleeve interface with small value, choosing an appropriate friction coefficient of sleeve-CFRP interface is also very important.

ACS Style

Guanhua Xu; Kaifu Zhang; Hui Cheng; Bin Luo; Peng Zou; Biao Liang. An efficient physically-based damage model for interface damage of composites sleeved interference joint and influence analysis of its interface friction. Composite Structures 2021, 275, 114425 .

AMA Style

Guanhua Xu, Kaifu Zhang, Hui Cheng, Bin Luo, Peng Zou, Biao Liang. An efficient physically-based damage model for interface damage of composites sleeved interference joint and influence analysis of its interface friction. Composite Structures. 2021; 275 ():114425.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guanhua Xu; Kaifu Zhang; Hui Cheng; Bin Luo; Peng Zou; Biao Liang. 2021. "An efficient physically-based damage model for interface damage of composites sleeved interference joint and influence analysis of its interface friction." Composite Structures 275, no. : 114425.

Preprint content
Published: 26 July 2021
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This paper presents the experimental and analytical studies to investigate the impact of concentrated laminated bamboo butt-joints on the flexural properties of vertically laminated bamboo-timber hybrid beams (VLHBs, or flitch beam). The experimental results reveal that the concentrated butt-joints significantly reduce the flexural strength of the VLHB. They also suggest that the failure mechanism of the VLHBs with or without concentrated butt-joints are completely different. In addition, laminated bamboo lumber with concentrated butt-joints was found to be unsuitable for structural applications. The analytical estimations show close agreement with the experimental results. However, due to the layout of the sample VLHB, the experimental study cannot confirm the impact of the butt-joints on the modulus of elasticity in bending.

ACS Style

Hexin Zhang; Niaz Gharavi; Simon H.F. Wong; Yu Deng; Ali Bahadori-Jahromi; Suchart Limkatanyu; Yao Qiao; J.S. Kuang. The Impact and Modelling of Concentrated Butt-Joints on Vertically Laminated Bamboo-Timber Hybrid Bio-Flitch Beams. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Hexin Zhang, Niaz Gharavi, Simon H.F. Wong, Yu Deng, Ali Bahadori-Jahromi, Suchart Limkatanyu, Yao Qiao, J.S. Kuang. The Impact and Modelling of Concentrated Butt-Joints on Vertically Laminated Bamboo-Timber Hybrid Bio-Flitch Beams. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hexin Zhang; Niaz Gharavi; Simon H.F. Wong; Yu Deng; Ali Bahadori-Jahromi; Suchart Limkatanyu; Yao Qiao; J.S. Kuang. 2021. "The Impact and Modelling of Concentrated Butt-Joints on Vertically Laminated Bamboo-Timber Hybrid Bio-Flitch Beams." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 07 July 2021 in Sustainability
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In light of the recent launch of the Minimum Energy Efficiency Standard targeting the energy performance of commercial buildings, this study compares the energy performance certificates of three UK hotels generated by two different software, EDSL TAS and SBEM, both accredited by the UK government for the purpose. Upon finding the results discrepant, the study finds that the two software’s different assumptions for the air permeability rate contribute to the discrepancy. While modifying this value makes the results from the two software more aligned, further issues regarding the validation process arise. The study continues to find that the underlying issue can be found within the National Calculation Methodology’s assumption about domestic hot water consumption in hotels. These assumptions are compulsory to follow when generating a non-domestic energy performance certificate in the UK, therefore, any uncertainties within them can affect all the buildings seeking an energy performance certificate within that sector. Finally, the study discusses that, for meeting the carbon dioxide mitigation goals, it is necessary to make changes to the current procedure of energy performance certificate generating in the UK to increase its reliability.

ACS Style

Shiva Amirkhani; Ali Bahadori-Jahromi; Anastasia Mylona; Paulina Godfrey; Darren Cook; Hooman Tahayori; Hexin Zhang. Uncertainties in Non-Domestic Energy Performance Certificate Generating in the UK. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7607 .

AMA Style

Shiva Amirkhani, Ali Bahadori-Jahromi, Anastasia Mylona, Paulina Godfrey, Darren Cook, Hooman Tahayori, Hexin Zhang. Uncertainties in Non-Domestic Energy Performance Certificate Generating in the UK. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):7607.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shiva Amirkhani; Ali Bahadori-Jahromi; Anastasia Mylona; Paulina Godfrey; Darren Cook; Hooman Tahayori; Hexin Zhang. 2021. "Uncertainties in Non-Domestic Energy Performance Certificate Generating in the UK." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 7607.

Journal article
Published: 05 July 2021 in European Journal of Wood and Wood Products
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The shear modulus of timber and timber-based composite materials is a fundamental mechanical property, which is used in the design of timber and engineered wood products. The problem of experimentally determining appropriate values of shear modulus for timber-based composite is not as simple and straightforward as in isotropic materials. Although the torsion test is a recommended standard approach to determine the shear modulus of structural-size timber and glulam beams, it is difficult to measure the rotational deformations of the timber beams. Therefore, in this paper, a stereo camera system combined with a photogrammetric approach is proposed to evaluate the values and variations of the shear modulus of glulam beams under the torsion test. The photogrammetric approach is a non-contact method, which provides an efficient and alternative approach for measuring the deformations of the torsion specimens in three dimensions. A series of experiments was conducted on glulam timber beams under the torsion test to investigate the applicability of the optical approach to evaluate the values and variations of shear modulus as well as to investigate the effect of applying torques in a clockwise or anticlockwise direction on the shear modulus of the beams. This optical system not only allows the performance and reliability of the traditional sensors to be assessed, but also allows the rotational deformation of the torsion samples to be monitored at various locations. This enables the values of shear modulus at different cross-sections of the torsion specimens to be evaluated without the need to use more devices. The test results showed that applying torques to the glulam timber specimens during loading and unloading in either a clockwise or anticlockwise direction does not influence or cause a significant change in the shear modulus of the beams. By comparing shear modulus values of glulam beams measured based on different shear spans, it was found that the larger the shear span the smaller the shear modulus value. This might indicate that the variations of shear modulus values at these different gauge lengths need to be considered.

ACS Style

Ahmed Mohamed; Yu Deng; Hexin Zhang; Simon H. F. Wong; Kal Uheida; Y. X. Zhang; Mei-Chun Zhu; Martin Lehmann; Yanfang Quan. Photogrammetric evaluation of shear modulus of glulam timber using torsion test method and dual stereo vision system. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Ahmed Mohamed, Yu Deng, Hexin Zhang, Simon H. F. Wong, Kal Uheida, Y. X. Zhang, Mei-Chun Zhu, Martin Lehmann, Yanfang Quan. Photogrammetric evaluation of shear modulus of glulam timber using torsion test method and dual stereo vision system. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed Mohamed; Yu Deng; Hexin Zhang; Simon H. F. Wong; Kal Uheida; Y. X. Zhang; Mei-Chun Zhu; Martin Lehmann; Yanfang Quan. 2021. "Photogrammetric evaluation of shear modulus of glulam timber using torsion test method and dual stereo vision system." European Journal of Wood and Wood Products , no. : 1.

Research paper
Published: 14 April 2021 in Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization
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The paper presents a new multi-material topology optimization method with a novel adjoint sensitivity analysis that can accommodate not only multiple plasticity but also multiple hardening models for individual materials in composite structures. Based on the proposed method, an integrated framework is developed which details the nonlinear finite element analysis, sensitivity analysis and optimization procedure. The proposed method and framework are implemented and illustrated by three numerical examples presented in this paper. An in-depth analysis of the numerical results has revealed the significant impact of the selection of plasticity and hardening model on the results of topology.

ACS Style

Mengxiao Li; Yu Deng; Hexin Zhang; Simon H. F. Wong; Ahmed Mohamed; Yu Zheng; JiaXiang Gao; Terry Y. P. Yuen; Biqin Dong; J. S. Kuang. Topology optimization of multi-material structures with elastoplastic strain hardening model. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization 2021, 1 -20.

AMA Style

Mengxiao Li, Yu Deng, Hexin Zhang, Simon H. F. Wong, Ahmed Mohamed, Yu Zheng, JiaXiang Gao, Terry Y. P. Yuen, Biqin Dong, J. S. Kuang. Topology optimization of multi-material structures with elastoplastic strain hardening model. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization. 2021; ():1-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mengxiao Li; Yu Deng; Hexin Zhang; Simon H. F. Wong; Ahmed Mohamed; Yu Zheng; JiaXiang Gao; Terry Y. P. Yuen; Biqin Dong; J. S. Kuang. 2021. "Topology optimization of multi-material structures with elastoplastic strain hardening model." Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization , no. : 1-20.

Journal article
Published: 03 March 2021 in Engineering Structures
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This paper presents an experimental investigation of the shear performance of RC beams strengthened with near surface mounted (NSM) carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) prestressed concrete prisms (PCPs). The shear behaviour of strengthened beams can be affected by several design variables. In this research, the effect of the following parameters were considered: the prestress level, inclination and spacing of the CFRP-PCPs, and material type of the prism. The control beam had conventional shear steel reinforcement only while the other seven beams were shear strengthened with CFRP-PCPs by varying design parameters mentioned above. All the beams were tested under monotonic loading until they reached the failure load. The experimental results showed that the NSM CFRP-PCPs strengthening technique improves the shear performance of the beams effectively. The strengthened beams that applied the CFRP-PCPs at an inclination of 45° were more efficient in improving the shear capacity compared to vertical CFRP-PCPs. The shear capacity and deformation were enhanced with the increase of prestressing levels of CFRP rods and the decrease of CFRP-PCPs spacing. The failure modes of the strengthened beams were influenced mainly by the spacing and the inclination of the CFRP-PCPs. Moreover, the material type of the prism had little influence on the effectiveness of shear strengthening. The analytical model presented was developed to estimate the shear contribution of NSM CFRP-PCPs and the model was found to predict the shear capacity of the tested beams well.

ACS Style

Yu Deng; Fuqiang Ma; Hexin Zhang; Simon H.F Wong; Pankaj Pankaj; Lixue Zhu; Lixing Ding; Ali Bahadori-Jahromi. Experimental study on shear performance of RC beams strengthened with NSM CFRP prestressed concrete prisms. Engineering Structures 2021, 235, 112004 .

AMA Style

Yu Deng, Fuqiang Ma, Hexin Zhang, Simon H.F Wong, Pankaj Pankaj, Lixue Zhu, Lixing Ding, Ali Bahadori-Jahromi. Experimental study on shear performance of RC beams strengthened with NSM CFRP prestressed concrete prisms. Engineering Structures. 2021; 235 ():112004.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yu Deng; Fuqiang Ma; Hexin Zhang; Simon H.F Wong; Pankaj Pankaj; Lixue Zhu; Lixing Ding; Ali Bahadori-Jahromi. 2021. "Experimental study on shear performance of RC beams strengthened with NSM CFRP prestressed concrete prisms." Engineering Structures 235, no. : 112004.

Journal article
Published: 20 January 2021 in Materials and Structures
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The combination of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) and high-volume fly ash self-compacting concrete (HVFA-SCC) reinforced is expected to solve the problem of steel corrosion in traditional structures and develop sustainable infrastructures. Bond behaviour has a strong effect on serviceability of FRP reinforced concrete structures. To achieve the acceptance of this novel composite structures in practical construction and design, it is significantly important to investigate the bond behaviour of FRP reinforced HVFA-SCC. In this study, a series of pull-out tests were carried out to investigate the bond behaviour of HVFA-SCC reinforced by FRP bar, which included bond strength, bond-slip response, and failure mode. The investigated experimental variables were reinforcing materials, surface treatment of FRP bars, bar diameters and concrete materials. The test results revealed that using HVFA-SCC resulted in higher average bond strength compared to those in the normal concrete test specimens. The reinforcing materials (steel vs. GFRP) had strong effect on bond behaviour, including bond strength, bond stiffness and failure mode. The failure mechanism of bond interaction between FRP and HVFA-SCC is dependent on friction and chemical adhesion. Subsequently, theoretical models for bond strength and development length were proposed. Finally, the parameters of analytical models of bond-slip curve are calibrated for GFRP reinforced HVFA-SCC by using the experimental data.

ACS Style

Yu Zheng; Nuan Zhou; Lingzhu Zhou; Hexin Zhang; Haotian Li; Yingwu Zhou. Experimental and theoretical study of bond behaviour between FRP bar and high-volume fly ash-self-compacting concrete. Materials and Structures 2021, 54, 1 -17.

AMA Style

Yu Zheng, Nuan Zhou, Lingzhu Zhou, Hexin Zhang, Haotian Li, Yingwu Zhou. Experimental and theoretical study of bond behaviour between FRP bar and high-volume fly ash-self-compacting concrete. Materials and Structures. 2021; 54 (1):1-17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yu Zheng; Nuan Zhou; Lingzhu Zhou; Hexin Zhang; Haotian Li; Yingwu Zhou. 2021. "Experimental and theoretical study of bond behaviour between FRP bar and high-volume fly ash-self-compacting concrete." Materials and Structures 54, no. 1: 1-17.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2020 in Composite Structures
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This investigation aims to study the flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with near-surface mounted (NSM) carbon fibre reinforced polymer prestressed concrete prisms (CFRP-PCPs). Eight RC beams were tested under monotonic loading until the failure load was reached. One beam was un-strengthened to act as a control beam. The other seven beams were strengthened with non-prestressed or prestressed NSM CFRP-PCPs. The effects of bond length, prestress level, and concrete type of the CFRP-PCPs on the flexural capacity, flexural crack and deflection are discussed in this paper. The results indicate that the flexural capacity of RC beams strengthened with NSM CFRP-PCPs was greater than the control beam. An obvious improvement was discovered in the crack resistance when the RC beams were strengthened with prestressed NSM CFRP-PCPs. The strengthened beams showed a higher first-cracking, yielding, and ultimate load as the bond length and prestress level of CFRP-PCPs increased up to a critical level. The beams strengthened with CFRP-PCPs, which were cast with ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), exhibited greater load capacity than the corresponding beams with epoxy resin mortar. The analytical model of flexural response for the NSM CFRP-PCPs strengthening beams is presented. The analytical results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which revealed the NSM CFRP-PCPs is an effective technique for flexural strengthening of the RC beams.

ACS Style

Yu Deng; Zhenzhen Li; Hexin Zhang; Alberto Corigliano; Angus C.C. Lam; Chayanon Hansapinyo; Zhitao Yan. Experimental and analytical investigation on flexural behaviour of RC beams strengthened with NSM CFRP prestressed concrete prisms. Composite Structures 2020, 257, 113385 .

AMA Style

Yu Deng, Zhenzhen Li, Hexin Zhang, Alberto Corigliano, Angus C.C. Lam, Chayanon Hansapinyo, Zhitao Yan. Experimental and analytical investigation on flexural behaviour of RC beams strengthened with NSM CFRP prestressed concrete prisms. Composite Structures. 2020; 257 ():113385.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yu Deng; Zhenzhen Li; Hexin Zhang; Alberto Corigliano; Angus C.C. Lam; Chayanon Hansapinyo; Zhitao Yan. 2020. "Experimental and analytical investigation on flexural behaviour of RC beams strengthened with NSM CFRP prestressed concrete prisms." Composite Structures 257, no. : 113385.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2018 in Computers & Fluids
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ACS Style

Tao He; Tong Wang; Hexin(Johnson) Zhang. The use of artificial compressibility to improve partitioned semi-implicit FSI coupling within the classical Chorin–Témam projection framework. Computers & Fluids 2018, 166, 64 -77.

AMA Style

Tao He, Tong Wang, Hexin(Johnson) Zhang. The use of artificial compressibility to improve partitioned semi-implicit FSI coupling within the classical Chorin–Témam projection framework. Computers & Fluids. 2018; 166 ():64-77.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tao He; Tong Wang; Hexin(Johnson) Zhang. 2018. "The use of artificial compressibility to improve partitioned semi-implicit FSI coupling within the classical Chorin–Témam projection framework." Computers & Fluids 166, no. : 64-77.

Original paper
Published: 23 January 2018 in Computational Mechanics
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In this paper the cell-based smoothed finite element method (CS-FEM) is introduced into two mainstream aspects of computational fluid dynamics: incompressible flows and fluid–structure interaction (FSI). The emphasis is placed on the fluid gradient smoothing which simply requires equal numbers of Gaussian points and smoothing cells in each four-node quadrilateral element. The second-order, smoothed characteristic-based split scheme in conjunction with a pressure stabilization is then presented to settle the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. As for FSI, CS-FEM is applied to the geometrically nonlinear solid as usual. Following an efficient mesh deformation strategy, block-Gauss–Seidel procedure is adopted to couple all individual fields under the arbitrary Lagriangian–Eulerian description. The proposed solvers are carefully validated against the previously published data for several benchmarks, revealing visible improvements in computed results.

ACS Style

Tao He; Hexin(Johnson) Zhang; Kai Zhang. A smoothed finite element approach for computational fluid dynamics: applications to incompressible flows and fluid–structure interaction. Computational Mechanics 2018, 62, 1037 -1057.

AMA Style

Tao He, Hexin(Johnson) Zhang, Kai Zhang. A smoothed finite element approach for computational fluid dynamics: applications to incompressible flows and fluid–structure interaction. Computational Mechanics. 2018; 62 (5):1037-1057.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tao He; Hexin(Johnson) Zhang; Kai Zhang. 2018. "A smoothed finite element approach for computational fluid dynamics: applications to incompressible flows and fluid–structure interaction." Computational Mechanics 62, no. 5: 1037-1057.

Journal article
Published: 04 January 2018 in Construction and Building Materials
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The end effect plays an important role in determining where the rotation measuring gauges should be located in a torsion test. A thorough review on the impact of end effect in a torsion test has been conducted, followed by an experimental validation. A close-ranged photogrammetric method using binocular stereo vision technique was employed in this study. The results have indicated that the end effect has a great impact on a region of 1.5 times the cross-sectional depth of the beam from the supports. Therefore, the distance between the gauges and the supports as specified in BS EN 408:2010+A1:2012 for the torsion test setup is not sufficient for the beams with slender cross-sections. This research has also indicated that it is more appropriate to use the depth of the beam as the referencing dimension to specify this required minimum distance.

ACS Style

N. Gharavi; H. Zhang; Y. Xie; T. He. End effect on determining shear modulus of timber beams in torsion tests. Construction and Building Materials 2018, 164, 442 -450.

AMA Style

N. Gharavi, H. Zhang, Y. Xie, T. He. End effect on determining shear modulus of timber beams in torsion tests. Construction and Building Materials. 2018; 164 ():442-450.

Chicago/Turabian Style

N. Gharavi; H. Zhang; Y. Xie; T. He. 2018. "End effect on determining shear modulus of timber beams in torsion tests." Construction and Building Materials 164, no. : 442-450.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2016 in Engineering Structures
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A discrete formulation of elastic rod has been tailored for the particular design task of geometric modelling, form finding and analysis of actively bent structural systems. The rod element is fully described by using vector based quantities, hence making it easy to implement and be suitable for explicit resolution methods such as the Dynamic Relaxation (DR). From this point of view, the model under consideration aims to provide a natural enhancement, of existing DR schemes of elastic rods, primarily formulated for analysis/design of stressed spline structures with isotropic cross-section, whilst, the proposed formulation allows for the general case of initially straight rods with anisotropic cross-section and torsional stiffness effects, to be taken into consideration. In order to avoid numerical conditioning problems, the method adopts a reduced Degrees of Freedom approach, however, the design limitations usually involved with such an approach, are ‘removed’ by adopting the Bishop theory of framed curves, hence making it possible to reduce to only three (translations) the Degrees of Freedom to be explicitly computed by numerical integration of the corresponding acceleration terms.

ACS Style

B. D’Amico; H. Zhang; A. Kermani. A finite-difference formulation of elastic rod for the design of actively bent structures. Engineering Structures 2016, 117, 518 -527.

AMA Style

B. D’Amico, H. Zhang, A. Kermani. A finite-difference formulation of elastic rod for the design of actively bent structures. Engineering Structures. 2016; 117 ():518-527.

Chicago/Turabian Style

B. D’Amico; H. Zhang; A. Kermani. 2016. "A finite-difference formulation of elastic rod for the design of actively bent structures." Engineering Structures 117, no. : 518-527.

Conference paper
Published: 06 August 2015 in Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing
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ACS Style

A. Mohamed; H. Zhang; I. Smith; Z. Xiao. A Low Cost Non-Contact and Non-Destructive Method for Evaluating the Variation of the Shear Modulus for Glued Laminated Timber Beams using a Photogrammetric Approach. Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing 2015, 1 .

AMA Style

A. Mohamed, H. Zhang, I. Smith, Z. Xiao. A Low Cost Non-Contact and Non-Destructive Method for Evaluating the Variation of the Shear Modulus for Glued Laminated Timber Beams using a Photogrammetric Approach. Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing. 2015; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Mohamed; H. Zhang; I. Smith; Z. Xiao. 2015. "A Low Cost Non-Contact and Non-Destructive Method for Evaluating the Variation of the Shear Modulus for Glued Laminated Timber Beams using a Photogrammetric Approach." Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2015 in Structures
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Timber gridshell structures, such as the Multihalle for the federal garden festival in Mannheim or the Downland Museum, have been the result of a creative-generative process that indissolubly 'welded' the structural contribution to that of form exploration. The challenging design and construction issues have been typically addressed and resolved in several inventive ways. However, still now, form-finding and erection of timber gridshells present many difficulties. In this regard, this paper aims to provide a series of novel steps to address some of the main design and construction issues that are associated with 'actively-bent' timber gridshell structures. First, the main characteristics of the construction process of timber gridshells are described and the basic theoretical concepts for its numerical simulation, through Dynamic Relaxation method, are introduced. Second, a practical method for sizing the laths' cross-section is presented. Third, a new erection technique for timber gridshells is proposed and applied to the construction of a full scale (prototype) structure, the Toledo gridshell 2.0. Fourth, a new bracing system for the same structure, which was built at the Faculty of Architecture, University of Naples Federico II in June-July 2014, is explained and discussed. The paper also highlights the need for further application to validate the techniques explained here, with particular attention being paid for the construction of large scale free-form structures

ACS Style

Bernardino D'Amico; A. Kermani; Hexin(Johnson) Zhang; Alberto Pugnale; S. Colabella; S. Pone. Timber gridshells: Numerical simulation, design and construction of a full scale structure. Structures 2015, 3, 227 -235.

AMA Style

Bernardino D'Amico, A. Kermani, Hexin(Johnson) Zhang, Alberto Pugnale, S. Colabella, S. Pone. Timber gridshells: Numerical simulation, design and construction of a full scale structure. Structures. 2015; 3 ():227-235.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bernardino D'Amico; A. Kermani; Hexin(Johnson) Zhang; Alberto Pugnale; S. Colabella; S. Pone. 2015. "Timber gridshells: Numerical simulation, design and construction of a full scale structure." Structures 3, no. : 227-235.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2015 in Computers & Structures
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The use of bending as self-forming process allows the realization of shape-resistant systems, such as grid shell structures. Here, a numerical method for optimisation of the cross-section of actively bent structures is introduced. For a given load distribution, the optimisation objective consists of normalizing the bending stresses to a given value on the entire structure. In addition, strength and geometric compatibility constraints are taken into account. The method is demonstrated by numerical examples. Further, in order to handle the large displacements involved, a co-rotational Finite Element formulation is adopted and modified to take into account the changes in stiffness that occur in the forming process of active bending systems. The modified co-rotational formulation is solved for static equilibrium using a Dynamic Relaxation scheme, and is tested against the analytical solutions of some preliminary test cases, as well as experimental results, and shown to be accurate

ACS Style

Bernardino D'Amico; A. Kermani; Hexin(Johnson) Zhang; Paul Shepherd; C.J.K. Williams. Optimization of cross-section of actively bent grid shells with strength and geometric compatibility constraints. Computers & Structures 2015, 154, 163 -176.

AMA Style

Bernardino D'Amico, A. Kermani, Hexin(Johnson) Zhang, Paul Shepherd, C.J.K. Williams. Optimization of cross-section of actively bent grid shells with strength and geometric compatibility constraints. Computers & Structures. 2015; 154 ():163-176.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bernardino D'Amico; A. Kermani; Hexin(Johnson) Zhang; Paul Shepherd; C.J.K. Williams. 2015. "Optimization of cross-section of actively bent grid shells with strength and geometric compatibility constraints." Computers & Structures 154, no. : 163-176.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2014 in Engineering Structures
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Bernardino D'Amico; A. Kermani; Hexin(Johnson) Zhang. Form finding and structural analysis of actively bent timber grid shells. Engineering Structures 2014, 81, 195 -207.

AMA Style

Bernardino D'Amico, A. Kermani, Hexin(Johnson) Zhang. Form finding and structural analysis of actively bent timber grid shells. Engineering Structures. 2014; 81 ():195-207.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bernardino D'Amico; A. Kermani; Hexin(Johnson) Zhang. 2014. "Form finding and structural analysis of actively bent timber grid shells." Engineering Structures 81, no. : 195-207.

Conference paper
Published: 19 August 2011 in Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing
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H. Zhang; A. Mohamed; Z. Xiao. Evaluation of the Shear Constant of a Timber Beam using a Photogrammetric Approach. Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing 2011, 1 .

AMA Style

H. Zhang, A. Mohamed, Z. Xiao. Evaluation of the Shear Constant of a Timber Beam using a Photogrammetric Approach. Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing. 2011; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

H. Zhang; A. Mohamed; Z. Xiao. 2011. "Evaluation of the Shear Constant of a Timber Beam using a Photogrammetric Approach." Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 19 August 2011 in Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing
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S. O'neill; H. Zhang; M. Pawelak. An Industrial Knowledge Collaborative CAD System for Scaffolding Structures. Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing 2011, 1 .

AMA Style

S. O'neill, H. Zhang, M. Pawelak. An Industrial Knowledge Collaborative CAD System for Scaffolding Structures. Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing. 2011; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S. O'neill; H. Zhang; M. Pawelak. 2011. "An Industrial Knowledge Collaborative CAD System for Scaffolding Structures." Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing , no. : 1.