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Pedro Romero-Vidal
Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Av. Américo Vespucio, S.n., E-41092, Sevilla, Spain

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Journal article
Published: 22 July 2021 in Arthropod Structure & Development
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Here, we describe under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the morphology of Colpocephalum pectinatum (Phthiraptera, Menoponidae), an ectoparasite found in burrowing owls, Athene cunicularia. We devote particular attention to the morphology of the main structures of the head (antennae and mouth-parts) and legs (tarsi and femoral ctenidia). Moreover, we describe the main peripheral sensory organs, located in the labial palpi and the distal end of antennae. We also detected that the structure of antennae and antennal sensilla arrangement are very similar to that described for other Colpocephalum and Menoponid species, and we discuss the function of each type of sensilla. We suggest that SEM studies combined with other microscopy and physiological techniques could be useful for elucidate the function of each structure, lice behaviour, as well as their taxonomy.

ACS Style

Gracia Liébanas; Ángeles Sáez; Álvaro Luna; Pedro Romero-Vidal; Antonio Palma; Jesús M. Pérez. The morphology of Colpocephalum pectinatum (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Menoponidae) under scanning electron microscopy. Arthropod Structure & Development 2021, 64, 101085 .

AMA Style

Gracia Liébanas, Ángeles Sáez, Álvaro Luna, Pedro Romero-Vidal, Antonio Palma, Jesús M. Pérez. The morphology of Colpocephalum pectinatum (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Menoponidae) under scanning electron microscopy. Arthropod Structure & Development. 2021; 64 ():101085.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gracia Liébanas; Ángeles Sáez; Álvaro Luna; Pedro Romero-Vidal; Antonio Palma; Jesús M. Pérez. 2021. "The morphology of Colpocephalum pectinatum (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Menoponidae) under scanning electron microscopy." Arthropod Structure & Development 64, no. : 101085.

Journal article
Published: 19 July 2021 in Biology
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While most of the knowledge on invasive species focuses on their impacts, little is known about their potential positive effects on other species. Invasive ecosystem engineers can disrupt recipient environments; however, they may also facilitate access to novel resources for native species. The monk parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus) is a worldwide invader and the only parrot that builds its own communal nests, which can be used by other species. However, the ecological effects of these interspecific interactions are barely known. We compared the role of the monk parakeet as a nest-site facilitator in different rural and urban areas, both invaded and native, across three continents and eight breeding seasons. A total of 2690 nests from 42 tenant species, mostly cavity-nesting birds, were recorded in 26% of 2595 monk parakeet nests. Rural and invaded areas showed the highest abundance and richness of tenant species. Multispecies communal nests triggered interspecific aggression between the monk parakeet host and its tenants, but also a cooperative defense against predators. Despite the positive effects for native species, monk parakeets also facilitate nesting opportunities to other non-native species and may also transmit diseases to tenants, highlighting the complexity of biotic interactions in biological invasions.

ACS Style

Dailos Hernández-Brito; Martina Carrete; Guillermo Blanco; Pedro Romero-Vidal; Juan Senar; Emiliano Mori; Thomas White; Álvaro Luna; José Tella. The Role of Monk Parakeets as Nest-Site Facilitators in Their Native and Invaded Areas. Biology 2021, 10, 683 .

AMA Style

Dailos Hernández-Brito, Martina Carrete, Guillermo Blanco, Pedro Romero-Vidal, Juan Senar, Emiliano Mori, Thomas White, Álvaro Luna, José Tella. The Role of Monk Parakeets as Nest-Site Facilitators in Their Native and Invaded Areas. Biology. 2021; 10 (7):683.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dailos Hernández-Brito; Martina Carrete; Guillermo Blanco; Pedro Romero-Vidal; Juan Senar; Emiliano Mori; Thomas White; Álvaro Luna; José Tella. 2021. "The Role of Monk Parakeets as Nest-Site Facilitators in Their Native and Invaded Areas." Biology 10, no. 7: 683.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2021 in Diversity
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Parrots stand out among birds because of their poor conservation status and the lack of available information on their population sizes and trends. Estimating parrot abundance is complicated by the high mobility, gregariousness, patchy distributions, and rarity of many species. Roadside car surveys can be useful to cover large areas and increase the probability of detecting spatially aggregated species or those occurring at very low densities. However, such surveys may be biased due to their inability to handle differences in detectability among species and habitats. We conducted 98 roadside surveys, covering > 57,000 km across 20 countries and the main world biomes, recording ca. 120,000 parrots from 137 species. We found that larger and more gregarious species are more easily visually detected and at greater distances, with variations among biomes. However, raw estimates of relative parrot abundances (individuals/km) were strongly correlated (r = 0.86–0.93) with parrot densities (individuals/km2) estimated through distance sampling (DS) models, showing that variability in abundances among species (>40 orders of magnitude) overcomes any potential detectability bias. While both methods provide similar results, DS cannot be used to study parrot communities or monitor the population trends of all parrot species as it requires a minimum of encounters that are not reached for most species (64% in our case), mainly the rarest and more threatened. However, DS may be the most suitable choice for some species-specific studies of common species. We summarize the strengths and weaknesses of both methods to guide researchers in choosing the best–fitting option for their particular research hypotheses, characteristics of the species studied, and logistical constraints.

ACS Style

José Tella; Pedro Romero-Vidal; Francisco Dénes; Fernando Hiraldo; Bernardo Toledo; Federica Rossetto; Guillermo Blanco; Dailos Hernández-Brito; Erica Pacífico; José Díaz-Luque; Abraham Rojas; Alan Bermúdez-Cavero; Álvaro Luna; Jomar Barbosa; Martina Carrete. Roadside Car Surveys: Methodological Constraints and Solutions for Estimating Parrot Abundances across the World. Diversity 2021, 13, 300 .

AMA Style

José Tella, Pedro Romero-Vidal, Francisco Dénes, Fernando Hiraldo, Bernardo Toledo, Federica Rossetto, Guillermo Blanco, Dailos Hernández-Brito, Erica Pacífico, José Díaz-Luque, Abraham Rojas, Alan Bermúdez-Cavero, Álvaro Luna, Jomar Barbosa, Martina Carrete. Roadside Car Surveys: Methodological Constraints and Solutions for Estimating Parrot Abundances across the World. Diversity. 2021; 13 (7):300.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Tella; Pedro Romero-Vidal; Francisco Dénes; Fernando Hiraldo; Bernardo Toledo; Federica Rossetto; Guillermo Blanco; Dailos Hernández-Brito; Erica Pacífico; José Díaz-Luque; Abraham Rojas; Alan Bermúdez-Cavero; Álvaro Luna; Jomar Barbosa; Martina Carrete. 2021. "Roadside Car Surveys: Methodological Constraints and Solutions for Estimating Parrot Abundances across the World." Diversity 13, no. 7: 300.

Journal article
Published: 12 May 2021 in Diversity
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Understanding of ecosystem structure and functioning requires detailed knowledge about plant–animal interactions, especially when keystone species are involved. The recent consideration of parrots as legitimate seed dispersers has widened the range of mechanisms influencing the life cycle of many plant species. We examined the interactions between the burrowing parrot Cyanoliseus patagonus and two dominant algarrobo trees (Prosopis alba and Prosopis nigra) in the Monte Desert, Argentina. We recorded the abundance and foraging behaviour of parrots; quantified the handling, consumption, wasting, and dispersal of ripe and unripe pods; and tested the viability of soft and hard ripe seeds wasted and transported by parrots. We found a high abundance of burrowing parrots. They predated on soft seeds from unripe pods while exclusively feeding upon pulp wrapping hard seeds from ripe pods. Frequent pod wasting beneath the plant or transport at a distance invariably implied the dispersal of multiple seeds in each event. Moreover, soft seeds retained viability after desiccation outside the mother plant, suggesting effective seed dispersal after partial pod predation due to a predator satiation effect. In about half of the foraging flocks, at least one parrot departed in flight with pods in its beak, with 10–34% of the flock components moving pods at distances averaging 238 m (P. alba) and 418 m (P. nigra). A snapshot sampling of faeces from livestock and wild mammals suggested a low frequency of seed dispersal by endozoochory and secondary dispersal by ants and dung beetles. The nomadic movements and long flights of burrowing parrots between breeding and foraging sites can lead to the dispersal of huge amounts of seeds across large areas that are sequentially exploited. Further research should evaluate the role of the burrowing parrot as a functionally unique species in the structure of the Monte Desert woods and the genetic structure of algarrobo species.

ACS Style

Guillermo Blanco; Pedro Romero-Vidal; Martina Carrete; Daniel Chamorro; Carolina Bravo; Fernando Hiraldo; José Tella. Burrowing Parrots Cyanoliseus patagonus as Long-Distance Seed Dispersers of Keystone Algarrobos, Genus Prosopis, in the Monte Desert. Diversity 2021, 13, 204 .

AMA Style

Guillermo Blanco, Pedro Romero-Vidal, Martina Carrete, Daniel Chamorro, Carolina Bravo, Fernando Hiraldo, José Tella. Burrowing Parrots Cyanoliseus patagonus as Long-Distance Seed Dispersers of Keystone Algarrobos, Genus Prosopis, in the Monte Desert. Diversity. 2021; 13 (5):204.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guillermo Blanco; Pedro Romero-Vidal; Martina Carrete; Daniel Chamorro; Carolina Bravo; Fernando Hiraldo; José Tella. 2021. "Burrowing Parrots Cyanoliseus patagonus as Long-Distance Seed Dispersers of Keystone Algarrobos, Genus Prosopis, in the Monte Desert." Diversity 13, no. 5: 204.

Journal article
Published: 13 April 2021 in Plants
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Plant–animal interactions are key to sustaining whole communities and ecosystem function. However, their complexity may limit our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and the species involved. The ecological effects of epizoochory remain little known compared to other seed dispersal mechanisms given the few vectors identified. In addition, epizoochory is mostly considered non-mutualistic since dispersers do not obtain nutritional rewards. Here, we show a widespread but unknown mutualistic interaction between parrots and plants through epizoochory. Combining our observations with photos from web-sources, we recorded nearly 2000 epizoochory events in 48 countries across five continents, involving 116 parrot species and nearly 100 plant species from 35 families, including both native and non-native species. The viscid pulp of fleshy fruits and anemochorous structures facilitate the adherence of tiny seeds (mean 3.7 × 2.56 mm) on the surface of parrots while feeding, allowing the dispersion of these seeds over long distances (mean = 118.5 m). This parrot–plant mutualism could be important in ecosystem functioning across a wide diversity of environments, also facilitating the spread of exotic plants. Future studies should include parrots for a better understanding of plant dispersal processes and for developing effective conservation actions against habitat loss and biological invasions.

ACS Style

Dailos Hernández-Brito; Pedro Romero-Vidal; Fernando Hiraldo; Guillermo Blanco; José Díaz-Luque; Jomar Barbosa; Craig Symes; Thomas White; Erica Pacífico; Esther Sebastián-González; Martina Carrete; José Tella. Epizoochory in Parrots as an Overlooked Yet Widespread Plant–Animal Mutualism. Plants 2021, 10, 760 .

AMA Style

Dailos Hernández-Brito, Pedro Romero-Vidal, Fernando Hiraldo, Guillermo Blanco, José Díaz-Luque, Jomar Barbosa, Craig Symes, Thomas White, Erica Pacífico, Esther Sebastián-González, Martina Carrete, José Tella. Epizoochory in Parrots as an Overlooked Yet Widespread Plant–Animal Mutualism. Plants. 2021; 10 (4):760.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dailos Hernández-Brito; Pedro Romero-Vidal; Fernando Hiraldo; Guillermo Blanco; José Díaz-Luque; Jomar Barbosa; Craig Symes; Thomas White; Erica Pacífico; Esther Sebastián-González; Martina Carrete; José Tella. 2021. "Epizoochory in Parrots as an Overlooked Yet Widespread Plant–Animal Mutualism." Plants 10, no. 4: 760.

Review
Published: 25 January 2021 in Diversity
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Many researchers highlight the role of urban ecology in a rapidly urbanizing world. Despite the ecological and conservation implications relating to carnivores in cities, our general understanding of their potential role in urban food webs lacks synthesis. In this paper, we reviewed the scientific literature on urban carnivores with the aim of identifying major biases in this topic of research. In particular, we explored the number of articles dealing with predation and scavenging, and assessed the geographical distribution, biomes and habitats represented in the scientific literature, together with the richness of species reported and their traits. Our results confirmed that scavenging is largely overlooked compared to predation in urban carnivore research. Moreover, research was biased towards cities located in temperate biomes, while tropical regions were less well-represented, a pattern that was more evident in the case of articles on scavenging. The species reported in both predation and scavenging articles were mainly wild and domestic mammals with high meat-based diets and nocturnal habits, and the majority of the studies were conducted in the interior zone of cities compared to peri-urban areas. Understanding the trophic role of carnivores in urban environments and its ecological consequences will require full recognition of both their predation and scavenging facets, which is especially desirable given the urban sprawl that has been predicted in the coming decades.

ACS Style

Álvaro Luna; Pedro Romero-Vidal; Eneko Arrondo. Predation and Scavenging in the City: A Review of Spatio-Temporal Trends in Research. Diversity 2021, 13, 46 .

AMA Style

Álvaro Luna, Pedro Romero-Vidal, Eneko Arrondo. Predation and Scavenging in the City: A Review of Spatio-Temporal Trends in Research. Diversity. 2021; 13 (2):46.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Álvaro Luna; Pedro Romero-Vidal; Eneko Arrondo. 2021. "Predation and Scavenging in the City: A Review of Spatio-Temporal Trends in Research." Diversity 13, no. 2: 46.

Journal article
Published: 14 August 2020 in Diversity
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Illegal wildlife trade, which mostly focuses on high-demand species, constitutes a major threat to biodiversity. However, whether poaching is an opportunistic crime within high-demand taxa such as parrots (i.e., harvesting proportional to species availability in the wild), or is selectively focused on particular, more desirable species, is still under debate. Answering this question has important conservation implications because selective poaching can lead to the extinction of some species through overharvesting. However, the challenges of estimating species abundances in the wild have hampered studies on this subject. We conducted a large-scale survey in Colombia to simultaneously estimate the relative abundance of wild parrots through roadside surveys (recording 10811 individuals from 25 species across 2221 km surveyed) and as household, illegally trapped pets in 282 sampled villages (1179 individuals from 21 species). We used for the first time a selectivity index to test selection on poaching. Results demonstrated that poaching is not opportunistic, but positively selects species based on their attractiveness, defined as a function of species size, coloration, and ability to talk, which is also reflected in their local prices. Our methodological approach, which shows how selection increases the conservation impacts of poaching for parrots, can be applied to other taxa also impacted by harvesting for trade or other purposes.

ACS Style

Pedro Romero-Vidal; Fernando Hiraldo; Federica Rosseto; Guillermo Blanco; Martina Carrete; José L. Tella. Opportunistic or Non-Random Wildlife Crime? Attractiveness rather than Abundance in the Wild Leads to Selective Parrot Poaching. Diversity 2020, 12, 314 .

AMA Style

Pedro Romero-Vidal, Fernando Hiraldo, Federica Rosseto, Guillermo Blanco, Martina Carrete, José L. Tella. Opportunistic or Non-Random Wildlife Crime? Attractiveness rather than Abundance in the Wild Leads to Selective Parrot Poaching. Diversity. 2020; 12 (8):314.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pedro Romero-Vidal; Fernando Hiraldo; Federica Rosseto; Guillermo Blanco; Martina Carrete; José L. Tella. 2020. "Opportunistic or Non-Random Wildlife Crime? Attractiveness rather than Abundance in the Wild Leads to Selective Parrot Poaching." Diversity 12, no. 8: 314.