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María Puerto
Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n 2, 41012 Seville, Spain

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Journal article
Published: 01 May 2021 in Foods
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Propyl-propanethiosulfinate (PTS) is a component of Allium essential oils. This organosulfur molecule can be used as a feed additive to decrease the appearance of bacterial resistances caused by the residues of antibiotics. In previous in vitro genotoxicity studies, contradictory results were reported for PTS. In this work, the in vivo genotoxicity of PTS in male and female rats was assessed for the first time, following OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) guidelines. After oral administration (doses: 5.5, 17.4, and 55.0 mg/kg PTS body weight), a combination of the micronucleus (MN) assay (OECD 474) in bone marrow and the standard and enzyme-modified comet assay (OECD 489) was performed. After necropsy, histopathological studies were also carried out. The results did not show the in vivo genotoxicity of PTS at any doses assayed, revealed by the absence of increased MN, and DNA strand breaks or oxidative DNA damage in the standard and enzyme-modified comet assays. The histopathological study revealed that only the highest dose tested (55.0 mg/kg) in the liver and all dose groups in the stomach presented minimal pathological lesions in the organs studied. Consequently, the present work confirms that PTS is not genotoxic at the doses assayed, and it is a promising natural alternative to synthetic preservatives and antibiotics in animal feed.

ACS Style

Antonio Cascajosa-Lira; María Puerto; Ana Prieto; Silvia Pichardo; Leticia Díez-Quijada Jiménez; Alberto Baños; Enrique Guillamón; Rosario Moyano; Verónica Molina-Hernández; Ángeles Jos; Ana Cameán. Genotoxicity Evaluation of Propyl-Propane-Thiosulfinate (PTS) from Allium genus Essential Oils by a Combination of Micronucleus and Comet Assays in Rats. Foods 2021, 10, 989 .

AMA Style

Antonio Cascajosa-Lira, María Puerto, Ana Prieto, Silvia Pichardo, Leticia Díez-Quijada Jiménez, Alberto Baños, Enrique Guillamón, Rosario Moyano, Verónica Molina-Hernández, Ángeles Jos, Ana Cameán. Genotoxicity Evaluation of Propyl-Propane-Thiosulfinate (PTS) from Allium genus Essential Oils by a Combination of Micronucleus and Comet Assays in Rats. Foods. 2021; 10 (5):989.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Cascajosa-Lira; María Puerto; Ana Prieto; Silvia Pichardo; Leticia Díez-Quijada Jiménez; Alberto Baños; Enrique Guillamón; Rosario Moyano; Verónica Molina-Hernández; Ángeles Jos; Ana Cameán. 2021. "Genotoxicity Evaluation of Propyl-Propane-Thiosulfinate (PTS) from Allium genus Essential Oils by a Combination of Micronucleus and Comet Assays in Rats." Foods 10, no. 5: 989.

Review
Published: 11 March 2021 in Foods
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The application of stilbenes in the food industry is being considered because of their biological activities. Piceatannol, pterostilbene and ε-viniferin have awakened the industry’s interest. However, before they can be commercialized, we must first guarantee their safety for consumers. The present work reviews the toxicological studies performed with these stilbenes. A wide variety of studies has demonstrated their cytotoxic effects in both cancer and non-cancerous cell lines. In contrast, although DNA damage was detected by some authors, in vitro genotoxic studies on the effects of piceatannol, pterostilbene, and ε-viniferin remain scarce. None of the three reviewed substances have been evaluated using the in vitro tests required by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) as the first step in genotoxicity testing. We did not find any study on the toxic effects of these stilbenes in vivo. Thus, more studies are needed to confirm their safe use before they can be authorized as additive in the food industry.

ACS Style

Concepción Medrano-Padial; Ana Prieto; María Puerto; Silvia Pichardo. Toxicological Evaluation of Piceatannol, Pterostilbene, and ε-Viniferin for Their Potential Use in the Food Industry: A Review. Foods 2021, 10, 592 .

AMA Style

Concepción Medrano-Padial, Ana Prieto, María Puerto, Silvia Pichardo. Toxicological Evaluation of Piceatannol, Pterostilbene, and ε-Viniferin for Their Potential Use in the Food Industry: A Review. Foods. 2021; 10 (3):592.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Concepción Medrano-Padial; Ana Prieto; María Puerto; Silvia Pichardo. 2021. "Toxicological Evaluation of Piceatannol, Pterostilbene, and ε-Viniferin for Their Potential Use in the Food Industry: A Review." Foods 10, no. 3: 592.

Journal article
Published: 17 February 2021 in Journal of Functional Foods
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Sulfur dioxide is a controversial preservative used in winemaking. Given its potential toxicity, it is of great interest to find alternatives aimed at replacing or reducing sulfur dioxide. The objective was to assess the antioxidant effects of a grapevine-shoot extract with 99% of stilbenes (ST-99), its major compounds (trans-resveratrol and trans-ε-viniferin) and their mixture (1:3.9) by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels in vitro. Their ability to protect against or reverse the effects of H2O2 on cells were also studied. The results showed that ST-99, followed by trans-ε-viniferin and the mixture, were able to reduce ROS levels, increased GSH content and exhibited antioxidant ability against an induced oxidative stress. Trans-resveratrol significantly reduced ROS content only at the highest concentrations. ST-99 at non-cytotoxic concentrations is more effective than the other compounds, which might be attributed to increased levels of GSH. The results suggest a promising use of ST-99.

ACS Style

Concepción Medrano-Padial; María Puerto; Tristan Richard; Emma Cantos-Villar; Silvia Pichardo. Protection and reversion role of a pure stilbene extract from grapevine shoot and its major compounds against an induced oxidative stress. Journal of Functional Foods 2021, 79, 104393 .

AMA Style

Concepción Medrano-Padial, María Puerto, Tristan Richard, Emma Cantos-Villar, Silvia Pichardo. Protection and reversion role of a pure stilbene extract from grapevine shoot and its major compounds against an induced oxidative stress. Journal of Functional Foods. 2021; 79 ():104393.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Concepción Medrano-Padial; María Puerto; Tristan Richard; Emma Cantos-Villar; Silvia Pichardo. 2021. "Protection and reversion role of a pure stilbene extract from grapevine shoot and its major compounds against an induced oxidative stress." Journal of Functional Foods 79, no. : 104393.

Journal article
Published: 17 February 2021 in Foods
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Genotoxic data of substances that could be used as food additives are required by the European Food Safety Authority. In this sense, the use of an extract from grapevine shoots containing a stilbene richness of 99% (ST-99), due to its antioxidant and antibacterial activities, has been proposed as an alternative to sulfur dioxide in wine. The aim of this work was to study, for the first time, the in vivo genotoxic effects produced in rats orally exposed to 90, 180, or 360 mg ST-99/kg body weight at 0, 24, and 45 h. The combination of micronucleus assay in bone marrow (OECD 474) and standard (OECD 489) and enzyme-modified comet assay was used to determine the genotoxicity on cells isolated from stomach, liver, and blood of exposed animals. The ST-99 revealed no in vivo genotoxicity. These results were corroborated by analytical studies that confirm the presence of stilbenes and their metabolites in plasma and tissues. Moreover, to complete these findings, a histopathological study was performed under light microscopy in liver and stomach showing only slight modifications in both organs at the highest concentration used. The present work confirms that this extract is not genotoxic presenting a good profile for its potential application as a preservative in the wine industry.

ACS Style

Concepción Medrano-Padial; María Puerto; Ana Isabel Prieto; Nahúm Ayala; Pauline Beaumont; Caroline Rouger; Stéphanie Krisa; Silvia Pichardo. In Vivo Genotoxicity Evaluation of a Stilbene Extract Prior to Its Use as a Natural Additive: A Combination of The Micronucleus Test and The Comet Assay. Foods 2021, 10, 439 .

AMA Style

Concepción Medrano-Padial, María Puerto, Ana Isabel Prieto, Nahúm Ayala, Pauline Beaumont, Caroline Rouger, Stéphanie Krisa, Silvia Pichardo. In Vivo Genotoxicity Evaluation of a Stilbene Extract Prior to Its Use as a Natural Additive: A Combination of The Micronucleus Test and The Comet Assay. Foods. 2021; 10 (2):439.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Concepción Medrano-Padial; María Puerto; Ana Isabel Prieto; Nahúm Ayala; Pauline Beaumont; Caroline Rouger; Stéphanie Krisa; Silvia Pichardo. 2021. "In Vivo Genotoxicity Evaluation of a Stilbene Extract Prior to Its Use as a Natural Additive: A Combination of The Micronucleus Test and The Comet Assay." Foods 10, no. 2: 439.

Journal article
Published: 24 September 2020 in Food Research International
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The use of stilbenes has been proposed as an alternative to sulfur dioxide in wine. Provided the feasibility from a technological approach, the cytotoxicity of an extract from grapevine shoots containing a stilbene richness of 99% (ST-99 extract) was assessed in the human cell lines HepG2 and Caco-2. In addition, the effects of the main stilbenes found in ST-99, trans-resveratrol and trans-ε-viniferin were studied, as well as its mixture. Similar cytotoxic effects were obtained in the exposures to trans-ε-viniferin, ST-99 and the mixture; however, trans-resveratrol alone exerted less toxicity. When HepG2 cells were exposed to trans-ε-viniferin, ST-99 and the mixture, the mean effective concentration (EC50) were 28.28 ± 2.15, 31.91 ± 1.55 and 29.47 ± 3.54 µg/mL, respectively. However, in the exposure to trans-resveratrol, the EC50 was higher 50µ/mL. The morphological study evidenced damage at ultrastructural level in HepG2 cells, highlighting the inhibition of cell proliferation and the induction of apoptosis. The type of interaction produced by trans-ε-viniferin and trans-resveratrol mixtures was assessed by an isobologram analysis using the CalcuSyn software, evidencing an antagonist effect. These data comprise a starting point in the toxicological assessment; further studies are needed in this field to assure the safety of the extract ST-99.

ACS Style

Concepción Medrano-Padial; María Puerto; María Del Mar Merchán-Gragero; Francisco Javier Moreno; Tristan Richard; Emma Cantos-Villar; Silvia Pichardo. Cytotoxicity studies of a stilbene extract and its main components intended to be used as preservative in the wine industry. Food Research International 2020, 137, 109738 .

AMA Style

Concepción Medrano-Padial, María Puerto, María Del Mar Merchán-Gragero, Francisco Javier Moreno, Tristan Richard, Emma Cantos-Villar, Silvia Pichardo. Cytotoxicity studies of a stilbene extract and its main components intended to be used as preservative in the wine industry. Food Research International. 2020; 137 ():109738.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Concepción Medrano-Padial; María Puerto; María Del Mar Merchán-Gragero; Francisco Javier Moreno; Tristan Richard; Emma Cantos-Villar; Silvia Pichardo. 2020. "Cytotoxicity studies of a stilbene extract and its main components intended to be used as preservative in the wine industry." Food Research International 137, no. : 109738.

Journal article
Published: 09 October 2019 in Antioxidants
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The reduction of sulfur dioxide in wine is a consumer’s demand, considering the allergic effects that may occur in people who are sensitive to it. Stilbenes are candidates of great interest for this purpose because of their antioxidant/antimicrobial activities and health properties, and also because they are naturally found in the grapevine. In the present study, the in vitro toxicity of an extract from grapevine shoots (with a stilbene richness of 45.4%) was assessed in two human cell lines. Significant damage was observed from 30 μg/mL after 24 h, and 40 µg/mL after 48 h of exposure. Similarly, the ultrastructural study revealed a significant impairment of cell growing. The extract was able to protect cells against an induced oxidative stress at all concentrations studied. In view of the promising results, a more exhaustive toxicological assessment of the extract is needed to confirm the safety of its further use as additive in wine.

ACS Style

Concepción Medrano-Padial; María Puerto; F. Javier Moreno; Tristan Richard; Emma Cantos-Villar; Silvia Pichardo. In Vitro Toxicity Assessment of Stilbene Extract for Its Potential Use as Antioxidant in the Wine Industry. Antioxidants 2019, 8, 467 .

AMA Style

Concepción Medrano-Padial, María Puerto, F. Javier Moreno, Tristan Richard, Emma Cantos-Villar, Silvia Pichardo. In Vitro Toxicity Assessment of Stilbene Extract for Its Potential Use as Antioxidant in the Wine Industry. Antioxidants. 2019; 8 (10):467.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Concepción Medrano-Padial; María Puerto; F. Javier Moreno; Tristan Richard; Emma Cantos-Villar; Silvia Pichardo. 2019. "In Vitro Toxicity Assessment of Stilbene Extract for Its Potential Use as Antioxidant in the Wine Industry." Antioxidants 8, no. 10: 467.

Journal article
Published: 04 June 2019 in Toxins
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The co-occurrence of various cyanobacterial toxins can potentially induce toxic effects different than those observed for single cyanotoxins, as interaction phenomena cannot be discarded. Moreover, mixtures are a more probable exposure scenario. However, toxicological information on the topic is still scarce. Taking into account the important role of mutagenicity and genotoxicity in the risk evaluation framework, the objective of this study was to assess the mutagenic and genotoxic potential of mixtures of two of the most relevant cyanotoxins, Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and Cylindrospermopsin (CYN), using the battery of in vitro tests recommended by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) for food contaminants. Mixtures of 1:10 CYN/MC-LR (CYN concentration in the range 0.04–2.5 µg/mL) were used to perform the bacterial reverse-mutation assay (Ames test) in Salmonella typhimurium, the mammalian cell micronucleus (MN) test and the mouse lymphoma thymidine-kinase assay (MLA) on L5178YTk± cells, while Caco-2 cells were used for the standard and enzyme-modified comet assays. The exposure periods ranged between 4 and 72 h depending on the assay. The genotoxicity of the mixture was observed only in the MN test with S9 metabolic fraction, similar to the results previously reported for CYN individually. These results indicate that cyanobacterial mixtures require a specific (geno)toxicity evaluation as their effects cannot be extrapolated from those of the individual cyanotoxins.

ACS Style

Leticia Díez-Quijada; Ana I. Prieto; María Puerto; Ángeles Jos; Ana M. Cameán. In Vitro Mutagenic and Genotoxic Assessment of a Mixture of the Cyanotoxins Microcystin-LR and Cylindrospermopsin. Toxins 2019, 11, 318 .

AMA Style

Leticia Díez-Quijada, Ana I. Prieto, María Puerto, Ángeles Jos, Ana M. Cameán. In Vitro Mutagenic and Genotoxic Assessment of a Mixture of the Cyanotoxins Microcystin-LR and Cylindrospermopsin. Toxins. 2019; 11 (6):318.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leticia Díez-Quijada; Ana I. Prieto; María Puerto; Ángeles Jos; Ana M. Cameán. 2019. "In Vitro Mutagenic and Genotoxic Assessment of a Mixture of the Cyanotoxins Microcystin-LR and Cylindrospermopsin." Toxins 11, no. 6: 318.

Review
Published: 23 May 2017 in Toxins
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Cyanobacterial toxins, particularly microcystins (MCs) and cylindrospermopsin (CYN), are responsible for toxic effects in humans and wildlife. In order to counteract or prevent their toxicity, various strategies have been followed, such as the potential application of chemoprotectants. A review of the main substances evaluated for this aim, as well as the doses and their influence on cyanotoxin-induced toxicity, has been performed. A search of the literature shows that research on MCs is much more abundant than research on CYN. Among chemoprotectants, antioxidant compounds are the most extensively studied, probably because it is well known that oxidative stress is one of the toxic mechanisms common to both toxins. In this group, vitamin E seems to have the strongest protectant effect for both cyanotoxins. Transport inhibitors have also been studied in the case of MCs, as CYN cellular uptake is not yet fully elucidated. Further research is needed because systematic studies are lacking. Moreover, more realistic exposure scenarios, including cyanotoxin mixtures and the concomitant use of chemoprotectants, should be considered.

ACS Style

Remedios Guzmán-Guillén; María Puerto; Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena; Ana I. Prieto; Silvia Pichardo; Ángeles Jos; Alexandre Campos; Vitor Vasconcelos; Ana M. Cameán. Potential Use of Chemoprotectants against the Toxic Effects of Cyanotoxins: A Review. Toxins 2017, 9, 175 .

AMA Style

Remedios Guzmán-Guillén, María Puerto, Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena, Ana I. Prieto, Silvia Pichardo, Ángeles Jos, Alexandre Campos, Vitor Vasconcelos, Ana M. Cameán. Potential Use of Chemoprotectants against the Toxic Effects of Cyanotoxins: A Review. Toxins. 2017; 9 (6):175.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Remedios Guzmán-Guillén; María Puerto; Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena; Ana I. Prieto; Silvia Pichardo; Ángeles Jos; Alexandre Campos; Vitor Vasconcelos; Ana M. Cameán. 2017. "Potential Use of Chemoprotectants against the Toxic Effects of Cyanotoxins: A Review." Toxins 9, no. 6: 175.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Food and Chemical Toxicology
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Garlic (Allium sativum) and onion (Allium cepa) are being used in the food industry as flavoring but also for their antimicrobial activities. These activities are mainly derived from the organosulfur compounds (OSCs). Propyl propane thiosulfinate (PTS) is an OSC with potential use in the active packaging, but its safety should be guaranteed before being commercialized. The aim of this work was to investigate for the first time the cytotoxicity of PTS as well as its in vitro mutagenic/genotoxic potential using the following battery of genotoxicity tests:(1)the bacterial reverse-mutation assay in S. typhimurium (Ames test, OECD 471, 1997); (2) the micronucleus test (MN, OECD 487, 2016); (3) the mouse lymphoma thymidine-kinase assay (MLA, OECD 476, 2015), and (4) the comet assay (standard and modified with restriction enzymes). The results revealed that PTS was not mutagenic neither in the Ames test nor in MLA. However, genotoxic effects were recorded in the MN test on mammalian cells (L5178YTkcells) after PTS exposure at the highest concentration tested (17.25 μM) without S9, and also its metabolites (+S9, from 20 μM). Moreover, in the comet assay, PTS induced DNA breaks damage in Caco-2 cells at the highest concentration tested (280 μM) but it did not induce oxidative DNA damage.

ACS Style

Pilar Mellado-García; Sara Maisanaba; María Puerto; Ana Isabel Prieto; Ricard Marcos; Silvia Pichardo; Ana María Cameán. In vitro toxicological assessment of an organosulfur compound from Allium extract: Cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and genotoxicity studies. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2017, 99, 231 -240.

AMA Style

Pilar Mellado-García, Sara Maisanaba, María Puerto, Ana Isabel Prieto, Ricard Marcos, Silvia Pichardo, Ana María Cameán. In vitro toxicological assessment of an organosulfur compound from Allium extract: Cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and genotoxicity studies. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2017; 99 ():231-240.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pilar Mellado-García; Sara Maisanaba; María Puerto; Ana Isabel Prieto; Ricard Marcos; Silvia Pichardo; Ana María Cameán. 2017. "In vitro toxicological assessment of an organosulfur compound from Allium extract: Cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and genotoxicity studies." Food and Chemical Toxicology 99, no. : 231-240.

Review article
Published: 29 March 2016 in Reproductive Toxicology
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Tobacco, alcohol, cannabis and cocaine are the most consumed psychoactive drugs throughout the population. Prenatal exposure to these drugs could alter normal foetal development and could threaten future welfare. The main changes observed in prenatal exposure to tobacco are caused by nicotine and carbon monoxide, which can impede nutrient and oxygen exchange between mother and foetus, restricting foetal growth. Memory, learning processes, hearing and behaviour can also be affected. Alcohol may cause physical and cognitive alterations in prenatally exposed infants, fundamentally caused by altered NMDAR and GABAR activity. Tetrahydrocannabinol, the psychoactive compound of cannabis, is capable of activating CB1R, inducing connectivity deficits during the foetal brain development. This fact could be linked to behavioural and cognitive deficits. Many of the effects from prenatal cocaine exposure are caused by altered cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and dendritic growth processes. Cocaine causes long term behavioural and cognitive alterations and also affects the uteroplacental unit.

ACS Style

A.C. Scott-Goodwin; M. Puerto; I. Moreno. Toxic effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol, tobacco and other drugs. Reproductive Toxicology 2016, 61, 120 -130.

AMA Style

A.C. Scott-Goodwin, M. Puerto, I. Moreno. Toxic effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol, tobacco and other drugs. Reproductive Toxicology. 2016; 61 ():120-130.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A.C. Scott-Goodwin; M. Puerto; I. Moreno. 2016. "Toxic effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol, tobacco and other drugs." Reproductive Toxicology 61, no. : 120-130.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2015 in Toxicology in Vitro
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The food industry needs to provide consumers with fresh and healthy products. In this context, food packaging plays an important role. Thus, certain essential oils are being incorporated into plastic polymers to confer better preservative properties. The oregano essential oil contains carvacrol and thymol, two important polyphenols. Considering their increasing use in active food packaging, the evaluation of their suitability and safety is of great interest. In the present work, a concentration-dependent increase in the antioxidant effects of carvacrol, thymol, and their mixture (10:1) was determined using DPPH and ABTS assays. In addition, the safety of these compounds was tested in vitro. Reactive oxygen species and glutathione levels were measured after exposing cells for 24 and 48 h to different concentrations of carvacrol, thymol and their mixture. The abilities of these compounds to protect against or revert the effects of H2O2 on cells were also studied. The results showed that oxidative stress plays a role in the damage induced by carvacrol and the mixture at high concentrations. However, at lower concentrations, both compounds and their mixture were shown, for the first time, to protect cells against the damage induced by the H2O2.

ACS Style

María Llana-Ruiz-Cabello; Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena; María Puerto; Silvia Pichardo; Ángeles Jos; Ana María Cameán. In vitro pro-oxidant/antioxidant role of carvacrol, thymol and their mixture in the intestinal Caco-2 cell line. Toxicology in Vitro 2015, 29, 647 -656.

AMA Style

María Llana-Ruiz-Cabello, Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena, María Puerto, Silvia Pichardo, Ángeles Jos, Ana María Cameán. In vitro pro-oxidant/antioxidant role of carvacrol, thymol and their mixture in the intestinal Caco-2 cell line. Toxicology in Vitro. 2015; 29 (4):647-656.

Chicago/Turabian Style

María Llana-Ruiz-Cabello; Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena; María Puerto; Silvia Pichardo; Ángeles Jos; Ana María Cameán. 2015. "In vitro pro-oxidant/antioxidant role of carvacrol, thymol and their mixture in the intestinal Caco-2 cell line." Toxicology in Vitro 29, no. 4: 647-656.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2014 in Toxicology Letters
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ACS Style

Sara Maisanaba; José Rubiales; Maria Puerto; Silvia Pichardo; María Jordá-Beneyto; Susana Aucejo; Angeles Jos. Genotoxicity evaluation of different clays used in food packaging in Caco-2 cells by the Comet assay. Toxicology Letters 2014, 229, S175 .

AMA Style

Sara Maisanaba, José Rubiales, Maria Puerto, Silvia Pichardo, María Jordá-Beneyto, Susana Aucejo, Angeles Jos. Genotoxicity evaluation of different clays used in food packaging in Caco-2 cells by the Comet assay. Toxicology Letters. 2014; 229 ():S175.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Maisanaba; José Rubiales; Maria Puerto; Silvia Pichardo; María Jordá-Beneyto; Susana Aucejo; Angeles Jos. 2014. "Genotoxicity evaluation of different clays used in food packaging in Caco-2 cells by the Comet assay." Toxicology Letters 229, no. : S175.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2014 in Toxicology Letters
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ACS Style

María Llana-Ruíz-Cabello; Sara Maisanaba; Ana I. Prieto; Maria Puerto; Silvia Pichardo; Ana M. Cameán. Genotoxicity evaluation of a major compound of oregano essential oil by the in vitro micronucleus assay. Toxicology Letters 2014, 229, S171 .

AMA Style

María Llana-Ruíz-Cabello, Sara Maisanaba, Ana I. Prieto, Maria Puerto, Silvia Pichardo, Ana M. Cameán. Genotoxicity evaluation of a major compound of oregano essential oil by the in vitro micronucleus assay. Toxicology Letters. 2014; 229 ():S171.

Chicago/Turabian Style

María Llana-Ruíz-Cabello; Sara Maisanaba; Ana I. Prieto; Maria Puerto; Silvia Pichardo; Ana M. Cameán. 2014. "Genotoxicity evaluation of a major compound of oregano essential oil by the in vitro micronucleus assay." Toxicology Letters 229, no. : S171.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2014 in Toxicology Letters
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ACS Style

Sara Maisanaba; Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena; Maria Puerto; María Llana Ruiz-Cabello; Silvia Pichardo; María Jordá-Beneyto; Angeles Jos. Evaluation of the oxidative response in Wistar rats exposed for 90 days to an extract of a nanocomposite material. Toxicology Letters 2014, 229, S175 -S176.

AMA Style

Sara Maisanaba, Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena, Maria Puerto, María Llana Ruiz-Cabello, Silvia Pichardo, María Jordá-Beneyto, Angeles Jos. Evaluation of the oxidative response in Wistar rats exposed for 90 days to an extract of a nanocomposite material. Toxicology Letters. 2014; 229 ():S175-S176.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Maisanaba; Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena; Maria Puerto; María Llana Ruiz-Cabello; Silvia Pichardo; María Jordá-Beneyto; Angeles Jos. 2014. "Evaluation of the oxidative response in Wistar rats exposed for 90 days to an extract of a nanocomposite material." Toxicology Letters 229, no. : S175-S176.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2014 in Toxicology Letters
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ACS Style

María Llana-Ruíz-Cabello; Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena; Maria Puerto; Silvia Pichardo; Francisco Javier Moreno; Alberto Baños; Cristina Núñez; Enrique Guillamón; Ana M. Cameán. Cytotoxicity and morphological study of an extract from the allium essential oil potentially used in active packaging. Toxicology Letters 2014, 229, S172 -S173.

AMA Style

María Llana-Ruíz-Cabello, Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena, Maria Puerto, Silvia Pichardo, Francisco Javier Moreno, Alberto Baños, Cristina Núñez, Enrique Guillamón, Ana M. Cameán. Cytotoxicity and morphological study of an extract from the allium essential oil potentially used in active packaging. Toxicology Letters. 2014; 229 ():S172-S173.

Chicago/Turabian Style

María Llana-Ruíz-Cabello; Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena; Maria Puerto; Silvia Pichardo; Francisco Javier Moreno; Alberto Baños; Cristina Núñez; Enrique Guillamón; Ana M. Cameán. 2014. "Cytotoxicity and morphological study of an extract from the allium essential oil potentially used in active packaging." Toxicology Letters 229, no. : S172-S173.

Original articles
Published: 14 March 2014 in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A
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Although clays are wildly used in a range of applications, the toxicity assessment of these new materials is still scarce. In the present study, oxidative stress induced by Clay 1, a novel clay, was determined in rats after 90 d of oral exposure. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, namely, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST), were examined. In addition, genetic expressions of SOD and CAT and relative protein abundance of CAT were also determined. Data showed that most of the biomarkers assayed remained unaltered. Only CAT activity, as well as its genetic and protein expressions, appeared enhanced in the kidney. Therefore, further studies are needed to clarify the relevance and consequences of these findings to ensure the safety of this clay.

ACS Style

Sara Maisanaba; Maria Puerto; Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena; María Llana-Ruíz-Cabello; Silvia Pichardo; Alfonso Mate; María Jordá-Beneyto; Ana M. Cameán; Susana Aucejo; Angeles Jos. In Vivo Evaluation of Activities and Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes in Wistar Rats Exposed for 90 Days to a Modified Clay. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 2014, 77, 456 -466.

AMA Style

Sara Maisanaba, Maria Puerto, Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena, María Llana-Ruíz-Cabello, Silvia Pichardo, Alfonso Mate, María Jordá-Beneyto, Ana M. Cameán, Susana Aucejo, Angeles Jos. In Vivo Evaluation of Activities and Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes in Wistar Rats Exposed for 90 Days to a Modified Clay. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A. 2014; 77 (8):456-466.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Maisanaba; Maria Puerto; Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena; María Llana-Ruíz-Cabello; Silvia Pichardo; Alfonso Mate; María Jordá-Beneyto; Ana M. Cameán; Susana Aucejo; Angeles Jos. 2014. "In Vivo Evaluation of Activities and Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes in Wistar Rats Exposed for 90 Days to a Modified Clay." Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 77, no. 8: 456-466.

Journal article
Published: 13 March 2014 in Toxins
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The cyanobacterial toxin Cylindrospermopsin (CYN), a potent protein synthesis inhibitor, is increasingly being found in freshwater bodies infested by cyanobacterial blooms worldwide. Moreover, it has been reported to be implicated in human intoxications and animal mortality. Recently, the alteration of the activity and gene expression of some glutathione related enzymes in tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to a single dose of CYN has been reported. However, little is known about the effects induced by repeated doses of this toxin in tilapias exposed by immersion and the potential reversion of these biochemical alterations after two different depuration periods (3 or 7 days). In the present study, tilapias were exposed by immersion to repeated doses of a CYN-containing culture of Aphanizomenon ovalisporum during 14 days, and then were subjected to depuration periods (3 or 7 days) in clean water in order to examine the potential reversion of the effects observed. The activity and relative mRNA expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and soluble glutathione-S-transferases (sGST), and also the sGST protein abundance by Western blot analysis were evaluated in liver and kidney of fish. Results showed significant alterations in most of the parameters evaluated and their recovery after 3 days (GPx activity, sGST relative abundance) or 7 days (GPx gene expression, sGST activity). These findings not only confirm the oxidative stress effects produced in fish by cyanobacterial cells containing CYN, but also show the effectiveness of depuration processes in mitigating the CYN-containing culture toxic effects.

ACS Style

Victoria Ríos; Remedios Guzmán-Guillén; Isabel M. Moreno; Ana I. Prieto; María Puerto; Angeles Jos; Ana M. Cameán. Influence of Two Depuration Periods on the Activity and Transcription of Antioxidant Enzymes in Tilapia Exposed to Repeated Doses of Cylindrospermopsin under Laboratory Conditions. Toxins 2014, 6, 1062 -1079.

AMA Style

Victoria Ríos, Remedios Guzmán-Guillén, Isabel M. Moreno, Ana I. Prieto, María Puerto, Angeles Jos, Ana M. Cameán. Influence of Two Depuration Periods on the Activity and Transcription of Antioxidant Enzymes in Tilapia Exposed to Repeated Doses of Cylindrospermopsin under Laboratory Conditions. Toxins. 2014; 6 (3):1062-1079.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Victoria Ríos; Remedios Guzmán-Guillén; Isabel M. Moreno; Ana I. Prieto; María Puerto; Angeles Jos; Ana M. Cameán. 2014. "Influence of Two Depuration Periods on the Activity and Transcription of Antioxidant Enzymes in Tilapia Exposed to Repeated Doses of Cylindrospermopsin under Laboratory Conditions." Toxins 6, no. 3: 1062-1079.

Comparative study
Published: 01 November 2012 in Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
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Background Shellfish farming is an important economic activity that provides society with a valuable source of food. Analyses of the protein content and metabolism of shellfish are therefore of utmost importance to monitor the presence and effects of environmental contaminants in these organisms and also to assess food quality and authenticity. The aim of the present study was to compare different protein extraction protocols commonly used in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) research and select the most suitable for the analysis of gill and digestive gland proteomes from the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Results High-resolution protein separation was achieved by direct solubilisation of proteins from M. galloprovincialis tissues with urea (7 mol L−1), thiourea (2 mol L−1), CHAPS (40 g L−1), DTT (65 mmol L−1) and ampholytes (pH 4–7, 8 mL L−1). Subsequent protein identification from 2DE gels by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry revealed a high number of proteins with functions in cytoskeleton structure, dynamics and maintenance. Other proteins identified in the 2DE gels are involved in energy production and carbohydrate metabolism, metal transport, chaperones and stress response, cell signalling and regulation, proteolysis and protein transduction. Conclusion Important protein markers for contaminant and quality assessment of shellfish food products can be analysed using 2DE.© 2012 Society of Chemical Industry

ACS Style

Alexandre Campos; Maria Puerto; Ana Prieto; Ana Cameán; Andre Almeida; Ana V Coelho; Vitor Vasconcelos. Protein extraction and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of proteins in the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis : an important tool for protein expression studies, food quality and safety assessment. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2012, 93, 1779 -1787.

AMA Style

Alexandre Campos, Maria Puerto, Ana Prieto, Ana Cameán, Andre Almeida, Ana V Coelho, Vitor Vasconcelos. Protein extraction and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of proteins in the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis : an important tool for protein expression studies, food quality and safety assessment. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2012; 93 (7):1779-1787.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexandre Campos; Maria Puerto; Ana Prieto; Ana Cameán; Andre Almeida; Ana V Coelho; Vitor Vasconcelos. 2012. "Protein extraction and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of proteins in the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis : an important tool for protein expression studies, food quality and safety assessment." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 93, no. 7: 1779-1787.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2012 in Toxicology in Vitro
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Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are among the more promising nanomaterials due to their potential applications. In this sense, the adverse effects that CNT can induce are of concern. In particular, carboxylic acid functionalized single wall carbon nanotubes (COOH-SWCNT) have shown to reduce cell viability and induce morphological effects on the human intestinal cell line Caco-2, but little is known about the toxic mechanisms involved. The aim of the present study was to investigate the oxidative stress responses of this cell line after 24h exposure to COOH-SWCNT. Biomarkers assayed included lipid peroxidation (LPO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defences. Results showed an increase in ROS from 100μg/mL reaching 5.2-fold the basal value at the highest concentration assayed. An induction of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities was also observed, meanwhile glutathione reductase showed a reduced activity at 1000μg/mL. Glutathione (GSH) levels also decreased (2.5-fold) at the highest level of exposure. Therefore, the antioxidant defences could not overwhelm the oxidative insult caused by COOH-SWCNT and LPO products increased in a concentration-dependent manner. We can conclude that oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenicity induced by COOH-SWCNT on Caco-2 cells at the concentrations assayed.

ACS Style

Silvia Pichardo; Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena; María Puerto; Elena Sánchez; Antonio Grilo; Ana M. Cameán; Ángeles Jos. Oxidative stress responses to carboxylic acid functionalized single wall carbon nanotubes on the human intestinal cell line Caco-2. Toxicology in Vitro 2012, 26, 672 -677.

AMA Style

Silvia Pichardo, Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena, María Puerto, Elena Sánchez, Antonio Grilo, Ana M. Cameán, Ángeles Jos. Oxidative stress responses to carboxylic acid functionalized single wall carbon nanotubes on the human intestinal cell line Caco-2. Toxicology in Vitro. 2012; 26 (5):672-677.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Silvia Pichardo; Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena; María Puerto; Elena Sánchez; Antonio Grilo; Ana M. Cameán; Ángeles Jos. 2012. "Oxidative stress responses to carboxylic acid functionalized single wall carbon nanotubes on the human intestinal cell line Caco-2." Toxicology in Vitro 26, no. 5: 672-677.

Environmental toxicology
Published: 17 April 2012 in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
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Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a toxin produced by various cyanobacteria species. Fish can be exposed to this cyanotoxin in their natural environments and in aquaculture ponds, and toxic effects can be derived. The present study investigated the effects of dietary N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the oxidative stress induced by pure CYN and CYN from lyophilized cells of Aphanizomenon ovalisporum in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish were pretreated with 0, 22, and 45 mg NAC/fish/d for a week, and on day seven, they received a single dose of 200 µg/kg CYN and were killed after 24 h. Oxidative biomarkers evaluated included lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio, activity of the enzyme γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, and activity and gene expression of glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase. Results showed that CYN induced oxidative stress as evidenced by the increase of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, the decrease in GSH/GSSG, and the alteration of the enzymatic activities assayed. Moreover, exposure to cyanobacterial cells containing CYN induced higher toxic effects in comparison to pure CYN. N-acetylcysteine supplementation was effective at reducing the toxicity induced by CYN, particularly at the highest dose employed, with a recovery of some of the biomarkers assayed to basal levels. Therefore, NAC can be considered a useful chemoprotectant that reduces hepatic and renal oxidative stress in the prophylaxis and treatment of CYN-related intoxication in fish. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1548–1555. © 2012 SETAC

ACS Style

Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena; María Puerto; Ana Isabel Prieto; Ángeles Jos; Silvia Pichardo; Vitor Vasconcelos; Ana M. Cameán. Protective role of dietary N-acetylcysteine on the oxidative stress induced by cylindrospermopsin in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2012, 31, 1548 -1555.

AMA Style

Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena, María Puerto, Ana Isabel Prieto, Ángeles Jos, Silvia Pichardo, Vitor Vasconcelos, Ana M. Cameán. Protective role of dietary N-acetylcysteine on the oxidative stress induced by cylindrospermopsin in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 2012; 31 (7):1548-1555.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena; María Puerto; Ana Isabel Prieto; Ángeles Jos; Silvia Pichardo; Vitor Vasconcelos; Ana M. Cameán. 2012. "Protective role of dietary N-acetylcysteine on the oxidative stress induced by cylindrospermopsin in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 31, no. 7: 1548-1555.