The analysis of failure mechanism and stability of rock slope under seismic load has become an important research content in geotechnical engineering, and the layered structure is the most common among the rock masses composing the slope. In this paper, the layered rock slope is divided into three types, i.e., horizontal, bedding and anti-dipping, according to the dip angle of rock layer in the layered slope. The influence factors, failure modes and dynamic stability of the three kinds of slope under seismic action are systematically summarized and reviewed in detail, and the problems to be studied and the possible research approaches are pointed out in the light of the current research methods.