Helicobacter pylori is a spiral-shaped bacterium, which plays a role in the aetiology of gastric diseases in humans. Non-H. pylori Helicobacter (NHPH) species naturally colonise the stomach of animals and also induce gastric lesions in humans, highlighting their zoonotic importance. We evaluated the gastric bacterial colonisation density and gastric lesions and sought to identify the main phylogenetic groups of the Helicobacter spp. obtained from dogs in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, with this study aiming to investigate the occurrence of Helicobacter spp. in saliva and gastric samples from these dogs. This study included 35 dogs and used analysis such as cytology, histopathology, PCR, rapid urease testing, and phylogenetic analysis. Of the dogs, 94.3 were positive for Helicobacter spp., and these bacteria were present in the stomach of 32 dogs and saliva of eight. Respectively, eight, 15, and nine dogs had mild, moderate, and severe colonisation. Lymphocytic-plasmacytic infiltrate was the main gastric lesion. However, the presence of Helicobacter and the density appeared to be unrelated to the gastric lesions. The samples possessed a high nucleotide identity with remarkably similar sequences among some of the species of NHPH such as H. heilmannii s.s., H. salomonis, H. felis, and H. bizzozeronii. The saliva of domestic dogs, even of those who appear clinically healthy, can cause Helicobacter infection in humans and other animals, with, in these dogs, increased density, occurrence rate, and predominance of NHPH of zoonotic importance being found in the stomach with a lower occurrence of Helicobacter spp. in the saliva.

Laparoscopic procedures require the creation of pneumoperitoneum. CO₂, which must be cold and dry, is the standard gas used in such surgeries. The type of gas used, its temperature, and moisture may change the peritoneal surface and cause systemic and local oxidative stress. Our objective is to evaluate the influence of pneumoperitoneum heating on the occurrence of histological lesions in the peritoneum, inflammation, plasma oxidative stress, and on the mesothelial surface in patients undergoing video-assisted ovariohysterectomy. Twenty canine females were included and distributed evenly into two groups: heated CO₂ (HG) and unheated CO₂ (UHG). The biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress were evaluated before insufflation (T0), at 30 min (T1), and at 60 min (T2) of exposure to CO₂. Biopsies of the peritoneal tissue for histological evaluation were performed at T0 and T2. Regarding plasma parameters, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) showed a greater activity in the HG at T1 ( ) and T2 ( ); in turn, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) showed a greater activity at T2 in the HG ( ) compared with T0. Catalase activity (CAT) was different between HG times; it was higher at T1 ( ). There was a decrease in the levels of substances reactive to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) ( ) and in glutathione (GSH) ( ) between T0 and T2 in the UHG. Regarding tissue oxidative stress, the CAT in the HG showed a greater activity at T2 than T1 ( ). By comparing the groups at each time, there was a difference only at T2 ( ), being greater in the HG. Regarding the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the HG, there was a difference between T2 in relation to T0 and T1 ( ); finally, there was an increase only at T1 ( ) in the UHG when comparing groups at the same time. There were no differences in the histological parameters evaluated. Our study demonstrates that the heating of CO₂ generates a greater inflammatory response and forms reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the plasma and peritoneal levels.

We evaluated the surgical stress response of dogs undergoing three ovariohysterectomy (OVH) techniques. Twenty-nine healthy females were allocated into groups: celiotomy and ligature (CelioSut), celiotomy and bipolar energy (CelioBip), and a video-assisted technique using two portals and bipolar energy (VidBip). Clinical evaluation was performed, and the following blood analyses were determined: acute phase proteins (C-reactive protein and haptoglobin), white blood cell counting (WBC), and biomarkers of oxidative status. The VidBip required more time despite a smaller incision, lower heart rate, and earlier feeding and urination. All groups had high white blood cells counts; the C-reactive protein (CRP) levels peaked at 6 and 12 h in all groups and was higher in the CelioBip and VidBip groups compared to CelioSut; haptoglobin concentrations peaked at 48 h in all groups and increased in dogs of the CelioSut group. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing ability of plasma, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, and advanced oxidation protein were not significantly different among the groups or time points. Total thiol concentrations were lower in CelioBip and CelioSut groups. All surgical techniques induced an inflammatory and oxidative stress response, but the video-assisted technique produced early clinical recovery. The bipolar device produces fewer disturbances than suspensory ligament rupture and ligature.

In this study we aimed to analyze the feasibility of the gasless renal biopsy technique in canine cadavers. The cadavers were randomly divided into two groups: laparoscopic GCG, in which gasless laparoscopy was performed and GCP, laparoscopy with pneumoperitoneum was performed. The procedures were randomly performed on the right and left kidneys. The total surgical time, procedural steps, and intraoperative complications were recorded. The degree of difficulty of the surgical approaches was evaluated by the surgeon, assistant, and external evaluators. Renal samples were evaluated for quality, number of glomeruli, and proportion of renal cortex. The total operative time was higher in the GCG group than in the GCP group (p < 0.01). Additionally, positioning of the second portal and platform positioning took longer than the other steps. The surgical groups differed from each other in the Likert scale values for almost all the parameters regarding the difficulty of the surgical approaches (p < 0.05), with higher scores in the GCG group than in the GCP group. Based on the video recordings, the GCP group had higher scores than the GCG group for degrees of difficulty of the approach (p < 0.05). Renal histological parameters were similar between the surgical groups and surgical sides. Our study findings indicate that the proposed gasless renal biopsy technique is feasible. The longer operative time and technical difficulties in the gasless approach did not affect the quality of the renal specimens. Neste estudo objetivamos analisar a viabilidade da técnica de biópsia renal gasless em cadáveres caninos. Os cadáveres foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: GCG laparoscópico, no qual foi realizada laparoscopia gasless e GCP, onde foi realizada laparoscopia com pneumoperitônio. Os procedimentos foram realizados aleatoriamente nos rins direito e esquerdo. O tempo cirúrgico total, etapas do procedimento e complicações intraoperatórias foram registrados. O grau de dificuldade das abordagens cirúrgicas foi avaliado pelo cirurgião, assistente e avaliadores externos. As amostras renais foram avaliadas quanto à qualidade, número de glomérulos e proporção do córtex renal. O tempo operatório total foi maior no grupo GCG do que no grupo GCP (p < 0,01). Além disso, o posicionamento do segundo portal e o posicionamento da plataforma demoraram mais do que as outras etapas. Os grupos cirúrgicos diferiram entre si nos valores da escala Likert para quase todos os parâmetros relativos à dificuldade das abordagens cirúrgicas (p < 0,05), com escores mais elevados no grupo GCG do que no grupo GCP. Com base nas gravações de vídeo, o grupo GCP obteve pontuações mais altas que o grupo GCG para graus de dificuldade da abordagem (p < 0,05). Os parâmetros histológicos renais foram semelhantes entre os grupos cirúrgicos e os lados cirúrgicos. Os resultados do nosso estudo indicam que a técnica proposta de biópsia renal gasless é viável. O maior tempo operatório e as dificuldades técnicas na abordagem sem gás não afetaram a qualidade das amostras renais.

The aim of this work was to compare three techniques of local blockade, as part of a multimodal protocol in cats submitted to videoassisted ovariectomy (OVH). This study included 38 cats, assigned to four groups (control; incisional block, intraperitoneal block and block of the ovarian arteriovenous complex). Pain was assessed using Analogue Visual Scale, Pain Scale of the UNESP and Composite Multimodal Pains Scale-Feline, prior and after surgery. Anesthetic and analgesic protocols provided adequate post-surgical analgesia in most cats. It is concluded that the intraperitoneal administration of lidocaine may be a useful technique to reduce trans-surgical pain, while the use of incisional infiltration with this medication improves early postoperative pain in videosurgeries.

Background: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a therapeutic modality in which pure and pressurized oxygen is delivered to the patient, causing tissue hyperoxygenation and consequent improvements in the inflammatory state, immune defense capacity, and healing. It is performed in pressurized chambers with oxygen, specific for the therapy. Dioctophyme renale, a nematode, is a parasite in mammals that causes severe, chronic, and progressive kidney damage. It is usually diagnosed through abdominal ultrasonography. Most cases are asymptomatic, and the treatment of choice is surgery. This report concerns 2 cases of conditioning with HBOT before laparoscopic right nephrectomy.Cases: Two adult bitches, both of mixed breed, parasitized naturally by Dioctophyme renale in the right kidney, and weretreated at the Veterinary Hospital. The bitch in case 1 had no clinical signs of the disease, whereas the bitch in case 2 hadhematuria for 3 years. Parasite eggs were not found in the urine of either dog. Both dogs underwent 2 presurgical HBOTsessions, 24 h apart, at a pressure of 2 absolute total atmospheres for 30 min. Immediately after the 2nd session, generalanesthesia was induced, and the dogs underwent laparoscopic right nephrectomy in the left lateral decubitus position,and surgical access was through 3 portals in the right flank. Hemostasis was achieved with titanium clips in case 1 andwith bipolar forceps with impedance control in case 2. The parasitized kidneys were placed in a tissue extractor bag andremoved from de cavity, and the surgical wound was sutured in 3 layers. Three male parasites were removed from thekidney in case 1 and one male parasite from that in case 2. Neither patient had free parasites in the abdominal cavity. Nointraoperative or postoperative complications occurred. Hematological examinations revealed improvement in the redblood cell count and a decrease in the serum fibrinogen level in case 1 and a decrease in the red series and an increase inthe serum fibrinogen level in case 2. Both patients had decreased total numbers of leukocytes and platelets.Discussion: Studdies have shown that presurgical hyperbaric conditioning improves renal and hepatic response to ischemia-reperfusion disorders, such as those that may occur during laparoscopies. Such disorders result from the creation of a pneumoperitoneum during the procedure, which increases intra-abdominal pressure. These tissues may receive cytoprotection mediated by the expression of heme-oxygenase 1, an anti-inflammatory substance induced by HBOT. Although the red series was reduced in case 2, it remained within the harmless reference range for the species. The increase in the red series in case 1 demonstrates the potential benefit of HBOT, inasmuch as many animals with D. renale have anemia. Because dioctophymosis leads to chronic kidney damage, a mild inflammatory response is expected. Thus, therapies that reduce systemic inflammation, such as HBOT, are beneficial to patients. Preoperative oxygenation is also recommended in animals undergoing long procedures. The results obtained in these 2 cases were different, but the benefits already proven by the consulted literature indicate that hyperbaric therapy can be advantageous in animals undergoing surgery. HBOT proved to be beneficial in the preoperative conditioning of 2 bitches with Dioctophyme renale, and both animals tolerated very well the therapy. Keywords: hyperbaric oxygen therapy, dioctophymosis, parasitology, giant kidney worm.