Background: Short sleep duration is associated with obesity and weight gain among children and young adults. However, there are few studies on the elderly, with conflicting results. Objective: We examined the association of habitual sleep duration with obesity and weight change among the population aged ≥60 y in Spain. Design: This prospective study was conducted from 2001 to 2003 on 3576 persons whose habitual sleep duration was self-reported in 2001. The outcomes were obesity [body mass index (BMI; in kg/m²) ≥30], severe obesity (BMI ≥35), and abdominal obesity (waist circumference >102 cm in men and >88 cm in women) in 2001 and weight gain ≥5 kg in the period 2001–2003. Results: Compared with subjects who slept 7 h, subjects who slept ≤5 h had a greater frequency of obesity [odds ratio (OR): 1.33; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.77] and severe obesity (OR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.31, 3.32). In addition, sleeping 8 h was associated with obesity (OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.75) and severe obesity (OR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.21, 2.73). Similarly, subjects sleeping 9 h were more likely to have severe obesity (OR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.00, 2.47). Among women, weight gain ≥5 kg was more frequent among subjects sleeping ≤5 h (OR: 3.41; 95% CI: 1.34, 8.69), 8 h (OR: 3.03; 95% CI: 1.29, 7.12), and 9 h (OR: 3.77; 95% CI: 1.55, 9.17). No association was observed between sleep duration and abdominal obesity. Conclusions: Among older adults, sleeping ≤5 h and sleeping 8 or 9 h was associated with obesity and with short-term weight gain in women.

Background: The purpose of this study was to collect and analyze the available scientific evidence of the impact of seasonality on physical activity (PA). PA refers to walking, biking, sports and/or active recreation. Methods: The search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane and Embase. All publications from January 2015 to September 2020 assessing seasonal variations on physical activity development in adults were selected. Results: A total of 1159 articles were identified, of which 26 fulfilled the selection criteria involving 9300 participants from 18 different countries. The results obtained suggest that seasonality affects PA independently of the countries, pathologies of the participants and the tool to collect PA information. Conclusions: PA level varies across the seasons, with higher PA level in summer compared with other seasons, especially in winter. Sedentary behavior follows the opposite trend. Impact of seasonality variations should be considered in clinical research involving PA as a primary outcome as well as in interventions on PA promotion.

Background: The aim of this systematic review is to compile and assess the scientific evidence about the relationship between chronotypes and physical activity (PA). Methods: A systematic review was executed using a structured electronic search in PubMED, Cochrane Library, PsycInfo and Trip Database. The searches employed keywords such as chronotype, sleep, acrophase, chronotype preference, morningness, physical activity and sedentary, using MeSH terms. JBI critical tools were used to appraise methodological aspects. Results: This systematic review includes 23 studies and a total of 505,375 participants. The results show that evening chronotypes are associated with less PA and more time in sedentary activities. It occurs independently of the instruments used to collect information about chronotype and PA. Nevertheless, this association could be mitigated in young populations and university stages. Conclusions: The chronotypes are clearly associated with the PA level and the sedentary behaviour, especially in the population over their mid-twenties. Evening chronotypes are associated with less PA and more time in sedentary activities compared to morning chronotypes.

Journal of Medical Internet Research - International Scientific Journal for Medical Research, Information and Communication on the Internet #Preprint #PeerReviewMe: Warning: This is a unreviewed preprint. Readers are warned that the document has not been peer-reviewed by expert/patient reviewers or an academic editor, may contain misleading claims, and is likely to undergo changes before final publication, if accepted, or may have been rejected/withdrawn. Readers with interest and expertise are encouraged to sign up as peer-reviewer, if the paper is within an open peer-review period. Please cite this preprint only for review purposes or for grant applications and CVs (if you are the author). Background: Web-based systems provide safe and well-accepted management of mild to moderate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, with potential cost savings. However, the efficacy of different eHealth applications on disease outcomes is inconsistent between studies and data are lacking in complex IBD. Objective: To compare the impact on health outcomes and healthcare use of remote monitoring with a web system, TECCU (Telemonitorización de la Enfermedad de Crohn y Colitis Ulcerosa [Telemonitoring of Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis]) in complex IBD patients vs standard care and telephone care. Methods: We performed a 3-arm randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02943538). Adult IBD patients who initiated immunosuppressant and/or biological agents were recruited from the specialized IBD Unit of a public university hospital and then randomized to receive remote monitoring (G_TECCU), nurse-assisted telephone care (G_NT) or standard care with in-person visits (G_control). All patients attended study visits at baseline and at 12 and 24 weeks, in addition to each type of intervention. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients in remission at 24 weeks. Secondary health outcomes were quality of life, medication adherence, adverse effects, satisfaction and social activities. The number of outpatient visits and telephone calls, emergency visits, hospitalizations, IBD-related surgeries and corticosteroid courses were also collected. Results: In total, 63 patients were selected (21 in each group). During the study period, 90,5% of patients (19/21) in G_control, 95,2% of patients in G_AT (20/21) and 85,7% of patients in G_TECCU (18/21) were compliant to the intervention. After 24 weeks, the percentage of patients in remission was higher in G_TECCU (81%) compared with G_NT (66,7%) and G_control (71.4%), with a higherimprovement in disease activity in G_TECCU vs G_control both considering Harvey-Bradshaw/Mayo (OR= 0.12 [95% CI 0.003 to 2.162]; p=0.189) and Harvey-Bradshaw/Walmsley indexes (OR= 0.11 [95% CI 0.004 to 1.55]; p=0.126). Disease activity improvement was also associated to a higher reduction in fecal calprotectine values in G_TECCU vs G_control (estimated intervention effect -0.90 [95% CI -1.96 to 0.16]; p= 0.106) at the end of the study. All completer patients adhered to treatment in G_TECCU andquality of life, social activities and satisfaction improved in the 3 groups. The number of outpatient visits and telephone calls was lower in G_TECCU, with similar safety profile compared with G_NT and G_control. Conclusions: This pilot clinical trial suggests that TECCU is a safe strategy for improving health outcomes in complex IBD patients, with less frequent use of health care resources. Clinical Trial: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02943538; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02943538 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6y4DQdmt8).

The few studies that have addressed the association between sleep duration and health-related quality of life (HRQL) were cross-sectional and small-sized, targeted young and middle-aged persons, and did not adjust for the main confounders. This study sought to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship between habitual sleep duration and HRQL in older adults. Prospective study conducted from 2001 through 2003. Sleep duration was self-reported in 2001, and HRQL was measured using the SF-36 questionnaire in 2001 and 2003. Analyses were adjusted for the main confounders. Community-based study. A cohort of 3834 persons representative of the non-institutionalized Spanish population aged 60 years and over. None. In comparison with women who slept 7 hours, those with extreme sleep durations (≤ 5 or ≥ 10 h) reported worse scores on the SF-36 physical and mental scales in 2001. Among men, sleeping ≤ 5 h was associated with a worse score in the role-physical scale in 2001. The magnitude of most of these associations was comparable with the reduction in HRQL associated with aging 10 years. Sleep duration in 2001 failed to predict changes in HRQL between 2001 and 2003. Extreme sleep durations are a marker of worse HRQL in the elderly.