Groundwater modelling is particularly challenging in arid regions where limited water recharge is available. A fault zone will add a significant challenge to the modelling process. The Western Desert in Iraq has been chosen to implement the modelling concept and calculate the model sensitivity to the changes in aquifer hydraulic properties and calibration by researching 102 observations and irrigation wells. MODFLOW-NWT, which is a Newtonian formulation for MODFLOW-2005 approaches, have been used in this study. Further, the simulation run has been implemented using the Upstream-Weighting package (UPW) to treat the dry cells. The results show sensitivity to the change of the Kx value for the major groundwater discharge flow. Only about 7% of the models from the region can be irrigated utilizing greenhouses supported by external recharge.

Mosul Dam Lake is one of the largest artificial water reservoirs in Iraq, located in the north of the country. This lake is the main source of...

Water quality data parameters consist of a large data set. Such a large amount of data incurs great effort in processing and conducting visualization techniques to facilitate the analysis and building of the necessary views for decision makers. The current study included a set of steps to data reduction for 34 parameters during two seasons, at different sites and depths for Mosul Dam Lake, Northern Iraq by using VARCLUS technique. VARCLUS showed that there were seven main clusters during winter with 77% of the total variation in the dataset. Depending on R_ratio results indicating that there are 12 parameters could be used to monitoring the water quality and F, SO₄ and Li are appears to be more important parameters than among them to predict overall the water quality of the lake for this season. During summer eight main clusters with 79% of the total variation displayed result of summer season. B, Na and S were more significant parameters depending on R_ratio among 11 parameters for this season. Each of Li, Ni, S, and total inorganic carbon are dominate parameters during measurement periods. This technique for water quality assessment could be using to reduce by about 64% of water quality data and can support decision-makers by providing an effective and secure tool for managing and monitoring the reservoir.