Experiments on photodegradation of Bisphenol A (BPA) were carried out in water samples by means photocatalytic and photo-oxidation methods in the presence of ZnO, TiO₂ and SnO₂ catalysts. The objective of this study was to develop an improved technique that can be used as a remediation procedure for a BPA-contaminated surface water and groundwater based on the UV solar radiation. The photodegradation of BPA in water performed under a low-intensity UV source mimics the UVC and UVA spectrum of solar radiation between 254 and 365 nm. The archived results reveal higher degradation rates observed in the presence of ZnO than with TiO₂ and SnO₂ catalysts during 20 h of irradiation. The intervention of the advanced photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) reduces the time of degradation to less than 1 h to reach a degradation rate of 90 % for BPA in water. The study proposes the use of ZnO as a competitor catalyst to the traditional TiO₂, providing the most effective treatment of contaminated water with phenolic products.

Groundwater modelling is particularly challenging in arid regions where limited water recharge is available. A fault zone will add a significant challenge to the modelling process. The Western Desert in Iraq has been chosen to implement the modelling concept and calculate the model sensitivity to the changes in aquifer hydraulic properties and calibration by researching 102 observations and irrigation wells. MODFLOW-NWT, which is a Newtonian formulation for MODFLOW-2005 approaches, have been used in this study. Further, the simulation run has been implemented using the Upstream-Weighting package (UPW) to treat the dry cells. The results show sensitivity to the change of the Kx value for the major groundwater discharge flow. Only about 7% of the models from the region can be irrigated utilizing greenhouses supported by external recharge.

Experiments on photodegradation of Bisphenol A (BPA) was carried out in water samples by means photocatalytic and photo-oxidation methods in the presence of ZnO, TiO₂ and SnO₂ catalysts. The objective of this study was to develop an improved technique that can be used as remediation procedure for BPA contaminated surface and groundwater based on solar radiation. The photodegradation of BPA in water was performed under low-intensity UV mimics natural solar radiation. The results reveals significantly higher degradation rates observed in the presence of ZnO than with TiO₂ and SnO₂ catalysts during 20 h of irradiation. The intervention of the advanced photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) was reduced the time of degradation to less than 1 h to reach a degradation rate of 90 % for BPA in water. The results also suggests the use of ZnO as competitor catalyst to the traditional TiO₂, providing most effective treatment of contaminated water with phenolic products.