The in-process inspection procedure is one of the critical operations in the active pharmaceutical ingredients manufacturing process. This study aims to improve the performance of the IPI service system in terms of three main criteria, namely service level, cycle time, and maximum tardy time. In solving this multiple-criteria decision-making problem, the proposed study seeks to redesign three process control factors, namely the service configuration, the dispatching rule, and the scheduling rule. The problem is solved using the Taguchi robust design methodology. Since the Taguchi method handles parameter design problems with only one criterion, Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution, a multiple-criteria decision-making method, is used to provide a surrogate response to the Taguchi method. The numerical results show that the redesigned IPI system improves the service level by 28.75%, the cycle time by 18.32%, and the maximum tardy time by 22.22%.

Stroke has long been a critical health issue in adults, affecting their physical, cognitive, and emotional functioning. The purpose of this study was to develop hand rehabilitation equipment based on multi-sensory stimulation therapy for stroke patients. An experiment was conducted with seventeen professional occupational therapists (each having more than five years of work experience) who individually evaluated the effectiveness of hand rehabilitation using seven hand gestures with two treatment approaches (top-down and bottom-up) and their corresponding six rehabilitation techniques (top-down: mirror therapy and auditory stimulation; bottom-up: tactile stimulation, thermal stimulation, electrical stimulation, and vibration stimulation). Our study used a within-subject partial hierarchical design, where rehabilitation techniques were partially nested within treatment approaches and crossed with hand gestures. Analyses of the three-way factorial analysis of variance showed that rehabilitation technique had a significant effect and that vibration stimulation and mirror therapy were most effective. Based on the findings of this study, multi-sensory stimulation equipment (combining vibration stimulation and mirror therapy) was designed to improve the sensorimotor ability of stroke patients.

Industrial tourism has become an increasingly important means of promoting corporate identity and fostering public engagement, yet many factory tours suffer from fragmented layouts, congestion, and low visitor engagement. This study addresses these challenges by developing a hybrid framework that integrates expert-driven spatial zoning with bottom-up visitor analytics. Using an optical lens manufacturer in Taiwan as a case study, we applied a three-step process: (1) Delphi-based zoning of key subareas into functional zones, (2) empirical analysis of visitor movement, feedback, and shadowing data, and (3) computational spatial evaluation through Visibility Graph Analysis (VGA). The findings revealed thematic inconsistencies, overlooked exhibits, and bottlenecks that disrupted narrative flow and reduced engagement. Spatial reorganization—such as relocating interactive subareas to visually integrated zones—enhanced circulation, storytelling alignment, and experiential coherence. A complementary service blueprint linked spatial redesign to operational delivery, ensuring consistency between frontstage activities and backstage support. The data-driven spatial analytics validated the effectiveness of this study’s hybrid approach—combining expert-driven insights with grounded visitor behavior data—to optimize factory tours. Spatial efficiency contributes to reduced energy use and congestion, participatory experiences enhance education and inclusivity, and improved visitor satisfaction strengthens brand resilience and economic viability. The framework thus provides a replicable and sustainable model for industrial tourism development across diverse manufacturing sectors.