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Mohamed Elshikh
Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

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Journal article
Published: 14 July 2021 in Sustainability
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Exposure to toxic metals (TMs) such as cobalt (Co) can cause lifelong carcinogenic disorders and mutagenic outcomes. TMs enter ground water and rivers from human activity, anthropogenic contamination, and the ecological environment. The present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of sewage water irrigation on cobalt (Co) toxicity and bioaccumulation in a soil-plant environment and to assess the health risk of grazing livestock via forage consumption. Cobalt is a very necessary element for the growth of plants and animals; however, higher concentrations have toxic impacts. Measurement of Co in plant, soil and water samples was conducted via wet digestion method using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The Co pollution severity was examined in soil, forage crops (Sorghum bicolor Kuntze, Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W. Wight, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Suaeda fruticosa (L.) Forssk. and Tribulus terrestris L.) in blood, hair and feces of sheep, cow and buffalo from district Toba-Tek-Singh, Punjab, Pakistan. Three sites were selected for investigation of Co level in soil and forage samples. Highest concentration of Co was 0.65 and 0.35 mg/kg occurring in S. bicolor at site I. The sheep blood, cow hair and sheep feces samples showed highest concentrations of 0.545, 0.549 and 0.548 mg/kg, respectively at site I and site II. Bioconcentration factor, pollution load index, enrichment factor and daily intake were found to be higher (0.667, 0.124, 0.12 and 0.0007 mg/kg) in soil, S. bicolor, S. fruticosa and in buffalo, respectively, at site I. It was concluded that forage species irrigated with wastewater are safe for consumption of livestock. However, though the general values were lower than the permissible maximum limit, it was observed that the bioaccumulation in the forage species was higher. Therefore, soil and food chain components should be avoided from trace metal contamination, and other means of nonconventional water resources should be employed for forages irrigation.

ACS Style

Muhammad Hussain; Zafar Iqbal Khan; Majida Naeem; Kafeel Ahmad; Muhammad Awan; Mona Alwahibi; Mohamed Elshikh. Blood, Hair and Feces as an Indicator of Environmental Exposure of Sheep, Cow and Buffalo to Cobalt: A Health Risk Perspectives. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7873 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Hussain, Zafar Iqbal Khan, Majida Naeem, Kafeel Ahmad, Muhammad Awan, Mona Alwahibi, Mohamed Elshikh. Blood, Hair and Feces as an Indicator of Environmental Exposure of Sheep, Cow and Buffalo to Cobalt: A Health Risk Perspectives. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):7873.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Hussain; Zafar Iqbal Khan; Majida Naeem; Kafeel Ahmad; Muhammad Awan; Mona Alwahibi; Mohamed Elshikh. 2021. "Blood, Hair and Feces as an Indicator of Environmental Exposure of Sheep, Cow and Buffalo to Cobalt: A Health Risk Perspectives." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 7873.

Journal article
Published: 17 June 2021 in Molecules
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The present research investigated the chemical characterization and insecticidal activity of n-Hexane extracts of Epaltes divaricata (NH-EDx) along with their chief derivatives n-Hexadecanoic acid (n-HDa) and n-Octadecanoic acid (n-ODa) against the dengue vector Aedes aegypti and lepidopteran pest Spodoptera litura. Chemical screening of NH-EDx through GC–MS analysis delivered nine major derivatives, and the maximum peak area percentage was observed in n-Hexadecanoic acid (14.63%) followed by n-Octadecadienoic acid (6.73%). The larvicidal activity of NH-EDx (1000 ppm), n-HDa (5 ppm), and n-ODa (5 ppm) against the A. aegypti and S. litura larvae showed significant mortality rate in a dose-dependent way across all the instars. The larvicidal activity was profound in the A. aegypti as compared to the S. litura across all the larval instars. The sublethal dosages of NH-EDx (500 ppm), n-HDa (2.5 ppm), and n-ODa (2.5 ppm) also showed alterations in the larval/pupal durations and adult longevity in both the insect pests. The enzyme activity revealed that the α- and β-carboxylesterase levels were decreased significantly in both the insect pests, whereas the levels of GST and CYP450 uplifted in a dose-dependent manner of NH-EDx, n-HDa, and n-ODa. Correspondingly, midgut tissues such as the epithelial layer (EL), gut lumen (GL), peritrophic matrix (Pm), and brush border membrane (BBM) were significantly altered in their morphology across both A. aegypti and S. litura against the NH-EDx and their bioactive metabolites. NH-EDx and their bioactive metabolites n-HDa and n-ODa showed significant larvicidal, growth retardant, enzyme inhibition, and midgut toxicity effects against two crucial agriculturally and medically challenging insect pest of ecological importance.

ACS Style

Kesavan Amala; Sengodan Karthi; Raja Ganesan; Narayanaswamy Radhakrishnan; Kumaraswamy Srinivasan; Abd Mostafa; Abdullah Al-Ghamdi; Jawaher Alkahtani; Mohamed Elshikh; Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan; Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan; Patcharin Krutmuang. Bioefficacy of Epaltes divaricata (L.) n-Hexane Extracts and Their Major Metabolites against the Lepidopteran Pests Spodoptera litura (fab.) and Dengue Mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linn.). Molecules 2021, 26, 3695 .

AMA Style

Kesavan Amala, Sengodan Karthi, Raja Ganesan, Narayanaswamy Radhakrishnan, Kumaraswamy Srinivasan, Abd Mostafa, Abdullah Al-Ghamdi, Jawaher Alkahtani, Mohamed Elshikh, Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan, Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan, Patcharin Krutmuang. Bioefficacy of Epaltes divaricata (L.) n-Hexane Extracts and Their Major Metabolites against the Lepidopteran Pests Spodoptera litura (fab.) and Dengue Mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linn.). Molecules. 2021; 26 (12):3695.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kesavan Amala; Sengodan Karthi; Raja Ganesan; Narayanaswamy Radhakrishnan; Kumaraswamy Srinivasan; Abd Mostafa; Abdullah Al-Ghamdi; Jawaher Alkahtani; Mohamed Elshikh; Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan; Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan; Patcharin Krutmuang. 2021. "Bioefficacy of Epaltes divaricata (L.) n-Hexane Extracts and Their Major Metabolites against the Lepidopteran Pests Spodoptera litura (fab.) and Dengue Mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linn.)." Molecules 26, no. 12: 3695.

Journal article
Published: 04 May 2021 in Journal of King Saud University - Science
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Natural antioxidants possess health beneficial properties and are being substantially used in foods, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products. Polyphenolics content, antioxidant activity and HepG2 liver cancer cells’ inhibition potential were determined and compared in the fruit of apricot cultivars collected from lower Himalayan region of Pakistan using standard analytical procedures. Comparatively, fruit of AP3 cultivar had highest levels of total phenolics and total flavonoids contents (220.5 ± 15.9 mgGAE/100 g and 382.0 ± 18.0 mgQE/100 g, respectively) on fresh weight basis. Fruit of the same cultivar had maximum DPPH scvenging potential (94.24 ± 4.55%), oxygen radicals absorbance capacity at 4.71 ± 0.12 mMolTE/100 g and inhibition of HepG2 cancer cells (45.80 ± 4.01 µMolQE/100 g). Though, fruit of AP4 cultivar was rich in vanillic acid, caffeic acid, vanillin, epi-catechin and quercetin, but had relatively low antioxidant and anticancer potential. Disparities in the phytochemical composition and properties of apricot fruit are attributed to genetic differences and growing conditions. Total phenolics, total flavonoids and caffic acid depicted highly significant positive association (˃90%) with ORAC, CAA and FRAP. Our findings suggest that being a rich source of health beneficial secondary metabolites, apricot fruit of Himalayan region of Pakistan could contribute considerably in socio-economic development of the local communities and as a functional food in regional and global markets.

ACS Style

Iqra Saeed; Xinbo Guo; Muhammad Azeem; Mohamed Soliman Elshikh; Bibi Zainab; Zainab Ayaz; Lijun You; Mona S. Alwahibi; Arshad Mehmood Abbasi. Comparative assessment of polyphenolics’ content, free radicals’ scavenging and cellular antioxidant potential in apricot fruit. Journal of King Saud University - Science 2021, 33, 101459 .

AMA Style

Iqra Saeed, Xinbo Guo, Muhammad Azeem, Mohamed Soliman Elshikh, Bibi Zainab, Zainab Ayaz, Lijun You, Mona S. Alwahibi, Arshad Mehmood Abbasi. Comparative assessment of polyphenolics’ content, free radicals’ scavenging and cellular antioxidant potential in apricot fruit. Journal of King Saud University - Science. 2021; 33 (5):101459.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iqra Saeed; Xinbo Guo; Muhammad Azeem; Mohamed Soliman Elshikh; Bibi Zainab; Zainab Ayaz; Lijun You; Mona S. Alwahibi; Arshad Mehmood Abbasi. 2021. "Comparative assessment of polyphenolics’ content, free radicals’ scavenging and cellular antioxidant potential in apricot fruit." Journal of King Saud University - Science 33, no. 5: 101459.

Journal article
Published: 22 March 2021 in Chemosphere
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Wastewater treatment is the most serious problem in this upcoming era. A harmful effluent like organic dyes, heavy metals, acids from industries mixed in wastewater is deteriorating the environment. To get rid of these poisonous materials and to recycle wastewater for domestic purposes, there are many steps which included photocatalytic dye degradation. PVP assisted Mn–CdS nanoparticles was prepared by novel hydrothermal technique. The characteristic behavior of pure and PVP (1% and 2%) assisted Mn–CdS samples were studied by further analysis. The structural, optical, vibrational, morphological, chemical composition behavior of synthesized pristine and surfactant induced Mn–CdS nanoparticles were analyzed. UV–Vis spectra revealed the optical behavior of the prepared pure and PVP (1% and 2%) assisted Mn–CdS samples. The bandgap obtained was 2.2, 2.06 and 1.99 eV for pure Mn–CdS, 1% PVP-Mn-CdS and 2% PVP- Mn-CdS. The narrow bandgap is one of the advantage of the material. Mn–CdS, 1% PVP-(Mn–CdS) and 2% PVP- (Mn–CdS) morphology were further investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopic studies (SEM). The surfactant (PVP) was added to enhance the morphology development and decrease agglomeration on the surface and the SEM images revealed a clear evidence for enhancement of morphology in all three samples. 2% PVP-(Mn–CdS) sample showed a good development in morphology when compared with other two samples and the best sample showed formation of nanorods below the surface of nanoparticles. Further, Mn–CdS, 1% PVP-(Mn–CdS) and 2% PVP- (Mn–CdS) was indulged to investigate the cationic degradation. The photocatalytic activities of three samples were carried out with loading different amount of the catalysts and 30 mg catalyst 2% PVP- (Mn–CdS) loaded dye solution showed a considerable degradation of methylene blue dye. The 30 mg catalyst (2% PVP-Mn-CdS) showed 98% efficiency under visible light irradiation for about 2 h. The best candidate, 30 mg catalyst (2% PVP-Mn-CdS) investigated for its reusability. The catalyst showed almost 98% of efficiency up to three cycles which confirmed the level of potential of the sample. 2% PVP-(Mn–CdS) sample would be promising candidate in wastewater treatment. It can be further utilized for removing dyes from wastewater in wastewater remediation process.

ACS Style

Sp. Keerthana; R. Yuvakkumar; G. Ravi; Abd El-Zaher M.A. Mustafa; Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi; Mohamed Soliman Elshikh; Dhayalan Velauthapillai. PVP influence on Mn–CdS for efficient photocatalytic activity. Chemosphere 2021, 277, 130346 .

AMA Style

Sp. Keerthana, R. Yuvakkumar, G. Ravi, Abd El-Zaher M.A. Mustafa, Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi, Mohamed Soliman Elshikh, Dhayalan Velauthapillai. PVP influence on Mn–CdS for efficient photocatalytic activity. Chemosphere. 2021; 277 ():130346.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sp. Keerthana; R. Yuvakkumar; G. Ravi; Abd El-Zaher M.A. Mustafa; Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi; Mohamed Soliman Elshikh; Dhayalan Velauthapillai. 2021. "PVP influence on Mn–CdS for efficient photocatalytic activity." Chemosphere 277, no. : 130346.

Journal article
Published: 11 March 2021 in Materials
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Background: Fungi growing on wood cause deterioration of stored food materials or discoloration of the wood itself, and the search for new and safe bioagents is recently needed. Methods: Essential oils (EOs) from aerial parts from Mentha longifolia L. and Citrus reticulata L., analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), were tested for their antifungal activity by the vapor method against four common fungi, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. fumigatus, and Fusarium culmorum, and confirmed by SEM examination as the oils applied on wood samples. Results: The most abundant compounds identified in the EO from M. longifolia were menthone and eucalyptol; in C. reticulata EO, they were β-caryophyllene, β-caryophyllene oxide, and β-elemene. EOs from M. longifolia and C. reticulata, at 500 and 250 µL/mL, showed potent antifungal activity against A. flavus and A. fumigatus, with 100% fungal mycelial inhibition growth (FMIG). C. reticulata and M. longifolia EOs, at 125 µL/mL, observed FMIG values of 98% and 95%, respectively, against A. fumigatus. M. longifolia EO, at 500 and 250 µL/mL, showed potent activity against A. niger, with 100% FMIG. F. culmorum completely inhibited (100% FMIG) EOs from M. longifolia and C. reticulata applied at 500 µL/mL. Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Wood, treated with M. longifolia at 125 µL/mL, showed inhibition zone values of 7.33 and 21.33 mm against A. flavus and A. niger, respectively. Conclusions: Both oils possessed good wood-biofungicide activity with the vapor method, as clearly shown by the SEM examination. These activities suggest their possible use as natural wood preservatives.

ACS Style

Hayssam Ali; Wael Elgat; Mervat El-Hefny; Mohamed Salem; Ayman Taha; Dunia Al Farraj; Mohamed Elshikh; Ashraf Hatamleh; Eslam Abdel-Salam. New Approach for Using of Mentha longifolia L. and Citrus reticulata L. Essential Oils as Wood-Biofungicides: GC-MS, SEM, and MNDO Quantum Chemical Studies. Materials 2021, 14, 1361 .

AMA Style

Hayssam Ali, Wael Elgat, Mervat El-Hefny, Mohamed Salem, Ayman Taha, Dunia Al Farraj, Mohamed Elshikh, Ashraf Hatamleh, Eslam Abdel-Salam. New Approach for Using of Mentha longifolia L. and Citrus reticulata L. Essential Oils as Wood-Biofungicides: GC-MS, SEM, and MNDO Quantum Chemical Studies. Materials. 2021; 14 (6):1361.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hayssam Ali; Wael Elgat; Mervat El-Hefny; Mohamed Salem; Ayman Taha; Dunia Al Farraj; Mohamed Elshikh; Ashraf Hatamleh; Eslam Abdel-Salam. 2021. "New Approach for Using of Mentha longifolia L. and Citrus reticulata L. Essential Oils as Wood-Biofungicides: GC-MS, SEM, and MNDO Quantum Chemical Studies." Materials 14, no. 6: 1361.

Journal article
Published: 23 February 2021 in Sustainability
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Due to the scarcity of water, raw sewage effluents are often used to irrigate arable suburban soils in developing countries, which causes soil contamination with toxic metals. Soil microorganisms involved in biochemical transformations are sensitive to heavy metals contamination. The study was designed to investigate the effect of organic amendments on the microbial activity of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) fractions and their bioavailability in soils contaminated with wastewater irrigation. Three metal contaminated soils under wastewater irrigation were collected, ground, sieved and added to incubation jars. Two organic amendments: wheat straw and chickpea straw, were applied (1% w/w) to the soil before incubation for 84 days at 25 °C. The CO2-C evolution after 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days was measured and thereafter was also measured weekly. Soil samples collected at 0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 84 days after incubation were analyzed for microbial biomass carbon (MBC). Sequential extraction for metal fractionation of samples was carried out collected at 0, 28, 56 and 84 days. Three soils differed significantly in evolved MBC and ∑CO2-C. Chickpea straw addition significantly increased soil MBC as compared to the wheat straw. Organic amendments significantly increased ∑CO2-C evolution from the soils, which was higher from chickpea straw. The addition of crop residues did not affect total Pb, Cd and Zn contents in soils. The concentration of exchangeable, carbonate bound and residual fractions of Pb, Cd and Zn decreased (6–27%), while the organic matter bound fraction increased (4–75%) with straw addition. Overall, the organic amendments improved microbial activity and reduce the bioavailability of toxic metals in wastewater irrigated soils. Furthermore, organic amendments not only reduce economic losses as they are cheap to produce but also minimize human health risks from heavy metals by hindering their entry into the food chain.

ACS Style

Kouser Malik; Khalid Khan; Shah Rukh; Ahmad Khan; Saba Akbar; Motsim Billah; Saqib Bashir; Subhan Danish; Mona Alwahibi; Mohamed Elshikh; Abdullah Al-Ghamdi; Abd Mustafa. Immobilization of Cd, Pb and Zn through Organic Amendments in Wastewater Irrigated Soils. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2392 .

AMA Style

Kouser Malik, Khalid Khan, Shah Rukh, Ahmad Khan, Saba Akbar, Motsim Billah, Saqib Bashir, Subhan Danish, Mona Alwahibi, Mohamed Elshikh, Abdullah Al-Ghamdi, Abd Mustafa. Immobilization of Cd, Pb and Zn through Organic Amendments in Wastewater Irrigated Soils. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):2392.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kouser Malik; Khalid Khan; Shah Rukh; Ahmad Khan; Saba Akbar; Motsim Billah; Saqib Bashir; Subhan Danish; Mona Alwahibi; Mohamed Elshikh; Abdullah Al-Ghamdi; Abd Mustafa. 2021. "Immobilization of Cd, Pb and Zn through Organic Amendments in Wastewater Irrigated Soils." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 2392.

Journal article
Published: 10 February 2021 in Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences
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The current study was focused on selected quality parameters of water, heavy metal contents of water, sediments and fish from Poonch river. Sediments, water and fish samples were gathered including six different sites in the period of April to June 2015. During the study period the mean value recorded for water quality parameters were pH 9.20, mv Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) 32.2, Dissolved (Oxygen) DO 6.95 mg/l, Electrical Conductivity (EC) 252.96µS/cm and 271.91 µg/cm, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 197.03, Salinity 0.77, Turbidity 3.02, Temperature 31.65 and Pressure 13.37. Mean values recorded for heavy metal absorption in river water, sediments and fish were below the maximum permissible levels. The aim of current study was to show that water is good for the existence of fish survival and its growth. So, this study exhibits that the part of Poonch River, Azad Jammu and Kashmir having water quality parameters and heavy metals were within the tolerable range and no harmful effects on the fish growth and reproduction.

ACS Style

Samra Aziz; Rizwan Ullah; Mona S Alwahibi; Mohamed Soliman Elshikh; Jawaher Alkahtani. Profiling of toxic metals from fish (tor putitora), water and sediments with microbial and chemical water quality appraisals. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 2021, 28, 2527 -2533.

AMA Style

Samra Aziz, Rizwan Ullah, Mona S Alwahibi, Mohamed Soliman Elshikh, Jawaher Alkahtani. Profiling of toxic metals from fish (tor putitora), water and sediments with microbial and chemical water quality appraisals. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2021; 28 (4):2527-2533.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Samra Aziz; Rizwan Ullah; Mona S Alwahibi; Mohamed Soliman Elshikh; Jawaher Alkahtani. 2021. "Profiling of toxic metals from fish (tor putitora), water and sediments with microbial and chemical water quality appraisals." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 28, no. 4: 2527-2533.

Journal article
Published: 21 January 2021 in Arabian Journal of Chemistry
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The parameters for pressurized microwave-assisted extraction (PMAE) of total flavonoids (TFs) from Gnaphalium affine D. Don were investigated and the effect of PMAE on its cell wall and tissue structure was analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Afterwards, its extraction effect was compared with that of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), soxhlet extraction (SE) and heat reflux extraction (HRE). After purifying by AB-8 macroporous resin, the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of purified TFs were evaluated by five different chemical assays and alcohol-induced model, respectively. Our findings revealed that an ethanol volume fraction of 81.3%, a L/S ratio of 25.4 mL/g and an extraction time of 138 s, give maximum yield of TFs (1.35 ± 0.02%). PMAE was more efficient and rapid in extracting TFs from G. affine because it cracked the cell wall and disrupted the tissue structure, as observed by SEM. Compared with microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), soxhlet extraction (SE) and heat reflux extraction (HRE), PMAE was more efficient and rapid technique for the extraction of TFs from G. affine. TFs from G. affine showed notable free radical, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion, 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)-diammonium salt (ABTS) cation, scavenging abilities and reduction ability in vitro. It could also significantly reduce the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), enhance the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and increase the level of glutathione (GSH) in the liver of mice with oxidative damage in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, it showed good antioxidant capacity in vivo. TFs from G. affine indicated good in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities, which suggests their potential in functional foods and pharmaceuticals as natural antioxidants agents.

ACS Style

Chao Li; Erpei Wang; Mohamed S. Elshikh; Mona S. Alwahibi; Weidong Wang; Gangcheng Wu; Yingbin Shen; Arshad Mehmood Abbasi; Sharui Shan. Extraction and purification of total flavonoids from Gnaphalium affine D. Don and their evaluation for free radicals’ scavenging and oxidative damage inhabitation potential in mice liver. Arabian Journal of Chemistry 2021, 14, 103006 .

AMA Style

Chao Li, Erpei Wang, Mohamed S. Elshikh, Mona S. Alwahibi, Weidong Wang, Gangcheng Wu, Yingbin Shen, Arshad Mehmood Abbasi, Sharui Shan. Extraction and purification of total flavonoids from Gnaphalium affine D. Don and their evaluation for free radicals’ scavenging and oxidative damage inhabitation potential in mice liver. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 2021; 14 (3):103006.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chao Li; Erpei Wang; Mohamed S. Elshikh; Mona S. Alwahibi; Weidong Wang; Gangcheng Wu; Yingbin Shen; Arshad Mehmood Abbasi; Sharui Shan. 2021. "Extraction and purification of total flavonoids from Gnaphalium affine D. Don and their evaluation for free radicals’ scavenging and oxidative damage inhabitation potential in mice liver." Arabian Journal of Chemistry 14, no. 3: 103006.

Journal article
Published: 16 November 2020 in Sustainability
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There is no alternative to phosphorus (P) in agriculture as it is second most important plant nutrient after nitrogen. Mineral P fertilizers are derived from rock phosphate (RP) which is finite, non-renewable and geographically restricted to a few countries, thus its shortage likely affects agriculture in near future as the world population is growing at a greater pace. This could increase P inputs in agriculture in order to meet rising food demands which may result in the depletion of RP reserves. Furthermore, P losses from farmlands in case of mineral P fertilizers also demands the sustainable use of P not only because of its finite resources but also the environmental concerns associated with P fertilization such as eutrophication. The present study was designed to formulate biochar-based P fertilizer that would help in the sustainable use of P fertilizer. Biochar(s) were prepared using wheat straw at 350–400 °C pyrolytic temperature followed by enrichment with Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) taking into account all possible combination of DAP to biochar on the w/w basis (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0). Enrichment was carried out using two different methods i.e., phosphorus enriched biochar (PEB1) by hot method and cold method (PEB2). An incubation experiment was performed to assess the impact of each biochar on selected properties of soil. The treatments were organized in factorial arrangement under complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Both the amendments were applied at rate of 1% of dry soil on a w/w basis. A significant increase in soil extractable P and total nitrogen (N) was recorded for the ratio 50:50 as compared to control as well of rest of treatments. Similarly, high organic contents were found for both PEB1 and PEB2 at the ratio 50:50. An incubation experiment was followed by pot trial using 50:50 for both PEB1 and PEB2 and split doses of recommended P were applied (0%, 25%, 50% and 100%) with a control under CRD with three replications using chickpea as test crop. Both PEB1 and PEB2 with 50% P have significantly improved crop growth, yield, nodulation, and plant physiological and chemical parameters as compared to a recommended dose of P alone. The result may imply that the integration of P-enriched biochar and chemical fertilizer could be an effective approach to improve chickpea production and soil properties.

ACS Style

Farman Wali; Muhammad Naveed; Muhammad Bashir; Muhammad Asif; Zulfiqar Ahmad; Jawaher Alkahtani; Mona Alwahibi; Mohamed Elshikh. Formulation of Biochar-Based Phosphorus Fertilizer and Its Impact on Both Soil Properties and Chickpea Growth Performance. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9528 .

AMA Style

Farman Wali, Muhammad Naveed, Muhammad Bashir, Muhammad Asif, Zulfiqar Ahmad, Jawaher Alkahtani, Mona Alwahibi, Mohamed Elshikh. Formulation of Biochar-Based Phosphorus Fertilizer and Its Impact on Both Soil Properties and Chickpea Growth Performance. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (22):9528.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Farman Wali; Muhammad Naveed; Muhammad Bashir; Muhammad Asif; Zulfiqar Ahmad; Jawaher Alkahtani; Mona Alwahibi; Mohamed Elshikh. 2020. "Formulation of Biochar-Based Phosphorus Fertilizer and Its Impact on Both Soil Properties and Chickpea Growth Performance." Sustainability 12, no. 22: 9528.

Perspective
Published: 12 November 2020 in Plants
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Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)-transmitted Geminiviruses cause serious diseases of crop plants in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Plants, animals, and their microbial symbionts have evolved complex ways to interact with each other that impact their life cycles. Blocking virus transmission by altering the biology of vector species, such as the whitefly, can be a potential approach to manage these devastating diseases. Virus transmission by insect vectors to plant hosts often involves bacterial endosymbionts. Molecular chaperonins of bacterial endosymbionts bind with virus particles and have a key role in the transmission of Geminiviruses. Hence, devising new approaches to obstruct virus transmission by manipulating bacterial endosymbionts before infection opens new avenues for viral disease control. The exploitation of bacterial endosymbiont within the insect vector would disrupt interactions among viruses, insects, and their bacterial endosymbionts. The study of this cooperating web could potentially decrease virus transmission and possibly represent an effective solution to control viral diseases in crop plants.

ACS Style

Muhammad Salman Mubarik; Sultan Habibullah Khan; Aftab Ahmad; Ali Raza; Zulqurnain Khan; Muhammad Sajjad; Reda Helmy Ahmed Sammour; Abd El-Zaher M.A. Mustafa; Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi; Amal H. Alajmi; Fatin K. I. Alshamasi; Mohamed Soliman Elshikh. Controlling Geminiviruses before Transmission: Prospects. Plants 2020, 9, 1556 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Salman Mubarik, Sultan Habibullah Khan, Aftab Ahmad, Ali Raza, Zulqurnain Khan, Muhammad Sajjad, Reda Helmy Ahmed Sammour, Abd El-Zaher M.A. Mustafa, Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi, Amal H. Alajmi, Fatin K. I. Alshamasi, Mohamed Soliman Elshikh. Controlling Geminiviruses before Transmission: Prospects. Plants. 2020; 9 (11):1556.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Salman Mubarik; Sultan Habibullah Khan; Aftab Ahmad; Ali Raza; Zulqurnain Khan; Muhammad Sajjad; Reda Helmy Ahmed Sammour; Abd El-Zaher M.A. Mustafa; Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi; Amal H. Alajmi; Fatin K. I. Alshamasi; Mohamed Soliman Elshikh. 2020. "Controlling Geminiviruses before Transmission: Prospects." Plants 9, no. 11: 1556.

Journal article
Published: 28 October 2020 in Molecules
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Tetrastigma leucostaphylum (TL) is an important ethnic medicine of Bangladesh used to treat diarrhea and dysentery. Hence, current study has been designed to characterize the antidiarrheal (in vivo) and cytotoxic (in vitro) effects of T. leucostaphylum. A crude extract was prepared with methanol (MTL) and further partitioned into n-hexane (NTL), dichloromethane (DTL), and n-butanol (BTL) fractions. Antidiarrheal activity was investigated using castor oil induced diarrhea, enteropooling, and gastrointestinal transit models, while cytotoxicity was evaluated using the brine shrimp lethality bioassay. In antidiarrheal experiments, all doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) of the DTL extract significantly reduced diarrheal stool frequency, volume and weight of intestinal contents, and gastrointestinal motility in mice. Similarly, in the cytotoxicity assay, all extracts exhibited activity, with the DTL extract the most potent (LC50 67.23 μg/mL). GC-MS analysis of the DTL extract identified 10 compounds, which showed good binding affinity toward M3 muscarinic acetylcholine, 5-HT3, Gut inhibitory phosphodiesterase, DNA polymerase III subunit alpha, and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-1 carboxyvinyltransferase enzyme targets upon molecular docking analysis. Although ADME/T analyses predicted the drug-likeness and likely safety upon consumption of these bioactive compounds, significant toxicity concerns are evident due to the presence of the known phytotoxin, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol. In summary, T. leucostaphylum showed promising activity, helping to rationalize the ethnomedicinal use and importance of this plant, its safety profile following both acute and chronic exposure warrants further investigation.

ACS Style

Sajib Rudra; Afroza Tahamina; Nazim Uddin Emon; Adnan; Mohammad Shakil; Helal Uddin Chowdhury; James W. Barlow; Mona S. Alwahibi; Mohamed Soliman Elshikh; Mohammad Omar Faruque; Shaikh Bokhtear Uddin. Evaluation of Various Solvent Extracts of Tetrastigma leucostaphylum (Dennst.) Alston Leaves, a Bangladeshi Traditional Medicine Used for the Treatment of Diarrhea. Molecules 2020, 25, 4994 .

AMA Style

Sajib Rudra, Afroza Tahamina, Nazim Uddin Emon, Adnan, Mohammad Shakil, Helal Uddin Chowdhury, James W. Barlow, Mona S. Alwahibi, Mohamed Soliman Elshikh, Mohammad Omar Faruque, Shaikh Bokhtear Uddin. Evaluation of Various Solvent Extracts of Tetrastigma leucostaphylum (Dennst.) Alston Leaves, a Bangladeshi Traditional Medicine Used for the Treatment of Diarrhea. Molecules. 2020; 25 (21):4994.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sajib Rudra; Afroza Tahamina; Nazim Uddin Emon; Adnan; Mohammad Shakil; Helal Uddin Chowdhury; James W. Barlow; Mona S. Alwahibi; Mohamed Soliman Elshikh; Mohammad Omar Faruque; Shaikh Bokhtear Uddin. 2020. "Evaluation of Various Solvent Extracts of Tetrastigma leucostaphylum (Dennst.) Alston Leaves, a Bangladeshi Traditional Medicine Used for the Treatment of Diarrhea." Molecules 25, no. 21: 4994.

Journal article
Published: 27 October 2020 in Sustainability
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Application of allelopathic bacteria (AB) for weed suppression may be helpful to solve various environmental challenges posed by conventional weed control techniques. In our earlier studies, around 400 strains of rhizobacteria of five weeds and wheat were isolated, screened for production of phytotoxic substances, and tested for phytotoxic activity on wild oat and little seed canary grass, and possible effects on wheat under laboratory conditions. We obtained 13 strains inhibitory to wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and 11 to little seed canary grass (Phalaris minor Retz.). Five of these (13 and 11) strains also suppressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) while others either stimulated or remained ineffective on wheat in separate bioassays. The success of any weed biocontrol technique, however, depends on its response under field conditions. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate biological weed control of the five most efficient strains of AB under natural conditions in pot and field trials. Wheat was artificially invaded with wild oat in the pot trial through seeding. Wheat of the field trial was artificially invaded with wild oat and little seed canary through seeding. The selected strains belonged to pseudomonads (Pseudomonas putida, P. fluorescence, P. aeruginosa, and P. alcaligenes) and their inocula were prepared using sterilized peat. The inoculated seeds of wild oat and wheat were sown together in a pot trial. The inoculated seeds of wild oat, little seed canary grass, and wheat were sown together in the field experiment. The field was selected based on chronic infestation of these weeds. However, weed invasion was ensured by adding seeds of weeds (inoculated with the respective strains of AB, according to treatment plan). A severe invasion of wild oat was observed in the pot trial, which reduced the grain yield of infested wheat up to 60.8%. The effectiveness of applied strains controlled 22.0–76.3% loss of grain yield of infested wheat. Weed invasion in the field trial reduced the grain yield of the crop up to 56.3% and effectiveness of the applied strains controlled 29.0–60.7% loss of grain yield of infested wheat. The study of other agronomic, physiological, and chemical parameters of the crop and weeds supported these findings. Harnessing the potential of these strains exhibited in our studies may be helpful to introduce an innovative, sustainable, and eco-friendly weed control technique for production of wheat.

ACS Style

Tasawar Abbas; Zahir Zahir; Muhammad Naveed; Mona Alwahibi; Mohamed Soliman Elshikh; Mohamed El-Esawi. Field Performance of Allelopathic Bacteria for Biological Weed Control in Wheat: Innovative, Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Approach for Enhanced Crop Production. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8936 .

AMA Style

Tasawar Abbas, Zahir Zahir, Muhammad Naveed, Mona Alwahibi, Mohamed Soliman Elshikh, Mohamed El-Esawi. Field Performance of Allelopathic Bacteria for Biological Weed Control in Wheat: Innovative, Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Approach for Enhanced Crop Production. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):8936.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tasawar Abbas; Zahir Zahir; Muhammad Naveed; Mona Alwahibi; Mohamed Soliman Elshikh; Mohamed El-Esawi. 2020. "Field Performance of Allelopathic Bacteria for Biological Weed Control in Wheat: Innovative, Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Approach for Enhanced Crop Production." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 8936.

Journal article
Published: 26 October 2020 in Plants
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Humus is the stable form of added crop and animal residues. The organic matter after a long-term decomposition process converts into humic substances. The naturally occurring humus is present in less amount in soils of the arid and semi-arid regions. The addition of commercially available humic acid can, therefore, contribute to improving soil health and crop yields. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of potassium humate, applied through soil seed dressing, on cotton productivity and fiber quality attributes. Seed dressing with potassium humate was done at the rate of 0, 100, 150 and 200 mL kg−1 seed while in soil potassium humate was applied at the rate of 0, 10, 20 and 30 L ha−1. Results showed that the combined application of potassium humate by seed dressing and through soil application improved the soil properties, productivity and fiber quality traits of cotton. All levels of soil applied potassium humate (10, 20 and 30 L ha−1) performed better over seed dressing in terms of cotton productivity and fiber quality attributes. Among the soil application rates, 20 L ha−1 potassium humate proved better as compared to other rates (0, 10 and 30 L ha−1). Higher soil application of potassium humate (30 L ha−1) showed depressing effects on all the traits studied like the reduction of 12.4% and 6.6% in Ginning out turn and fiber length, respectively, at a seeding dressing of 200 mL kg−1. In conclusion, potassium humate seed dressing and soil application at the rate of 200 mL kg−1 and 20 L ha−1, respectively, is a better approach to improve cotton productivity. Soil potassium humate should not exceed a rate of 20 L ha−1 when the seed dressing of potassium is also practiced.

ACS Style

Asmat Ullah; Muqarrab Ali; Khurram Shahzad; Fiaz Ahmad; Shahid Iqbal; Muhammad Habib Ur Rahman; Shakeel Ahmad; Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal; Subhan Danish; Shah Fahad; Jawaher Alkahtani; Mohamed Soliman Elshikh; Rahul Datta. Impact of Seed Dressing and Soil Application of Potassium Humate on Cotton Plants Productivity and Fiber Quality. Plants 2020, 9, 1444 .

AMA Style

Asmat Ullah, Muqarrab Ali, Khurram Shahzad, Fiaz Ahmad, Shahid Iqbal, Muhammad Habib Ur Rahman, Shakeel Ahmad, Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal, Subhan Danish, Shah Fahad, Jawaher Alkahtani, Mohamed Soliman Elshikh, Rahul Datta. Impact of Seed Dressing and Soil Application of Potassium Humate on Cotton Plants Productivity and Fiber Quality. Plants. 2020; 9 (11):1444.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Asmat Ullah; Muqarrab Ali; Khurram Shahzad; Fiaz Ahmad; Shahid Iqbal; Muhammad Habib Ur Rahman; Shakeel Ahmad; Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal; Subhan Danish; Shah Fahad; Jawaher Alkahtani; Mohamed Soliman Elshikh; Rahul Datta. 2020. "Impact of Seed Dressing and Soil Application of Potassium Humate on Cotton Plants Productivity and Fiber Quality." Plants 9, no. 11: 1444.

Journal article
Published: 08 October 2020 in Separations
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Nowadays, marine microalgae are recognized to be a considerably novel and rich origin of bioactive moieties utilized in the sectors of nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. In the present study, Nannochloropsis oculata extract (AME) was associated with a wide variety of pharmacological studies such as in vitro antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal and anticancer activity (MDA-MB-231) in cancer cells through in vitro models. In the study, the chemical composition and structure of the bioactive compounds found in the AME extract were studied using the LC-MS technique. The results of the anticancer activity showed a decrease in the percentage of cell viability of the MDA-MB-231 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner (400 μg/mL at 24 h, 300 μg/mL at 48 h, and 200 μg/mL at 72 h). We have also observed morphological changes in the cells that could be associated with treatment with AME extract. Our observation of the AME extract-treated MDA-MB231 cells under light microscopy showed that when the concentration increased, the number of cells began to decrease. As far as LC-MS analysis is concerned, it showed the presence of the bioactive molecules was terpenoids along with carotenoids, polyphenolic and fatty acids. The result revealed that the AME extract exhibited noteworthy in vitro free radical scavenging potential, with an IC50 value of 52.10 ± 0.85 µg/L in DPPH assay, 122.84 ± 2.32 µg/mL in H2O2 assay and, 96.95 ± 1.68 µg/mL in ABTS assay. The activity was found to be highly significant against bacteria (Gram-positive and negative) and moderately significant against fungal strain with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)/minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values between 15.63 and 500 µg/mL.

ACS Style

Adil Farooq Wali; Yusra Al Dhaheri; Jayachithra Ramakrishna Pillai; Ahlam Mushtaq; Padma G. M. Rao; Syed Arman Rabbani; Aimen Firdous; Mohamed Soliman Elshikh; Dunia A. Al Farraj. LC-MS Phytochemical Screening, In Vitro Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity of Microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata Extract. Separations 2020, 7, 54 .

AMA Style

Adil Farooq Wali, Yusra Al Dhaheri, Jayachithra Ramakrishna Pillai, Ahlam Mushtaq, Padma G. M. Rao, Syed Arman Rabbani, Aimen Firdous, Mohamed Soliman Elshikh, Dunia A. Al Farraj. LC-MS Phytochemical Screening, In Vitro Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity of Microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata Extract. Separations. 2020; 7 (4):54.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adil Farooq Wali; Yusra Al Dhaheri; Jayachithra Ramakrishna Pillai; Ahlam Mushtaq; Padma G. M. Rao; Syed Arman Rabbani; Aimen Firdous; Mohamed Soliman Elshikh; Dunia A. Al Farraj. 2020. "LC-MS Phytochemical Screening, In Vitro Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity of Microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata Extract." Separations 7, no. 4: 54.

Journal article
Published: 25 September 2020 in Agronomy
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Conventional weed control practices have generated serious issues related to the environment and human health. Therefore, there is a demand for the development of alternative techniques for sustainable agriculture. The present study performed a large-scale screening of allelopathic bacteria from the rhizosphere of weeds and wheat to obtain biological weed control inoculants in the cultivation of wheat. Initially, around 400 strains of rhizobacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of weeds as well as wheat that grows in areas of chronic weed invasions. A series of the screen was performed on these strains, including the release of phytotoxic metabolites, growth inhibition of sensitive Escherichia coli, growth inhibition of indicator plant of lettuce, agar bioassays on five weeds, and agar bioassay on wheat. Firstly, 22.6% (89 strains) of the total strains were cyanogenic, and among the cyanogenic strains, 21.3% (19 strains) were inhibitory to the growth of sensitive E. coli. Then, these 19 strains were tested using lettuce seedling bioassay to show that eight strains suppressed, nine strains promoted, and two strains remained ineffective on the growth. These 19 strains were further applied to weeds and wheat on agar bioassays. The results indicated that dry matter of broad-leaved dock, wild oat, little seed canary grass, and common lambs’ quarter were reduced by eight strains (23.1–68.1%), seven strains (38.5–80.2%), eight strains (16.5–69.4%), and three strains (27.5–50.0%), respectively. Five strains suppressed the growth of wheat, nine strains increased its dry matter (12.8–47.9%), and five remained ineffective. Altogether, the strains that selectively inhibit weeds, while retaining normal growth of wheat, can offer good opportunities for the development of biological weed control in the cultivation of wheat.

ACS Style

Tasawar Abbas; Zahir Ahmad Zahir; Muhammad Naveed; Sana Abbas; Mona S. Alwahibi; Mohamed Soliman Elshikh; Adnan Mustafa. Large Scale Screening of Rhizospheric Allelopathic Bacteria and Their Potential for the Biocontrol of Wheat-Associated Weeds. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1469 .

AMA Style

Tasawar Abbas, Zahir Ahmad Zahir, Muhammad Naveed, Sana Abbas, Mona S. Alwahibi, Mohamed Soliman Elshikh, Adnan Mustafa. Large Scale Screening of Rhizospheric Allelopathic Bacteria and Their Potential for the Biocontrol of Wheat-Associated Weeds. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (10):1469.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tasawar Abbas; Zahir Ahmad Zahir; Muhammad Naveed; Sana Abbas; Mona S. Alwahibi; Mohamed Soliman Elshikh; Adnan Mustafa. 2020. "Large Scale Screening of Rhizospheric Allelopathic Bacteria and Their Potential for the Biocontrol of Wheat-Associated Weeds." Agronomy 10, no. 10: 1469.

Journal article
Published: 11 September 2020 in Separations
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(1) Background: The present investigation studies the optimization of extraction, quantification, and cytokine inhibitory effects bakuchiol (BKL) in Psoralea coryfolia Linn. (2) Methods: The seeds of Psoralea coryfolia cleaned, dried, and powdered. Different separation methods maceration, reflux, Soxhlet, and ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) were employed for the isolation of BKL by five pure solvents. The quantity of BKL was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to determine the highest yield percentage. The effect of optimized BKL was then tested in an animal model of sepsis induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). (3) Results: The UAE method was found to be the best among tested separation methods and yielded highest percentage of BKL in petroleum ether extract. Septic rats showed a significant elevation in levels of biochemical markers like AST, ALT, ALP, BIL, SCr, and BUN in plasma. Proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1) levels were also increased in LPS-induced animals. BKL has been found to significantly reverse these elevated levels as compared to the LPS-induced animals. (4) Conclusion: The present results suggest that BKL has positive effects when administered in animals with pathogenic shock by decreasing the circulating levels of biomarkers. Further studies are necessary to explore the clinical implications of such findings.

ACS Style

Deepak Khuranna; Sanchit Sharma; Showkat Rasool Mir; Mohd Aqil; Ajaz Ahmad; Muneeb U Rehman; Parvaiz Ahmad; Mona S. Alwahibi; Mohamed Soliman Elshikh; Mohd Mujeeb. Extraction, Quantification, and Cytokine Inhibitory Response of Bakuchiol in Psoralea coryfolia Linn. Separations 2020, 7, 48 .

AMA Style

Deepak Khuranna, Sanchit Sharma, Showkat Rasool Mir, Mohd Aqil, Ajaz Ahmad, Muneeb U Rehman, Parvaiz Ahmad, Mona S. Alwahibi, Mohamed Soliman Elshikh, Mohd Mujeeb. Extraction, Quantification, and Cytokine Inhibitory Response of Bakuchiol in Psoralea coryfolia Linn. Separations. 2020; 7 (3):48.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Deepak Khuranna; Sanchit Sharma; Showkat Rasool Mir; Mohd Aqil; Ajaz Ahmad; Muneeb U Rehman; Parvaiz Ahmad; Mona S. Alwahibi; Mohamed Soliman Elshikh; Mohd Mujeeb. 2020. "Extraction, Quantification, and Cytokine Inhibitory Response of Bakuchiol in Psoralea coryfolia Linn." Separations 7, no. 3: 48.

Journal article
Published: 09 September 2020 in Agronomy
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Under the rice–wheat cropping system (RWS), the continuous cropping of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) deplete soil fertility, and reduce crop growth and total rice biomass. In RWS, both phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) deficiencies are considered important nutritional constraints for reducing rice crop growth rates (CGR) and total biomass/biological yield (BY). The objective of this experiment was to investigate the impact of phosphorus (0, 40, 80, 120 kg P ha−1) and zinc rates (0, 5, 10, 15 kg Zn ha−1) on CGR and BY of three rice genotypes [fine (Bamati-385) versus coarse (Fakhre-e-Malakand and Pukhraj)] in Northwestern Pakistan during summer 2011 (Y1) and 2012 (Y2). The results revealed that higher CGR at various growth stages and total BY was obtained with the integrated use of higher phosphorus (80 and 120 kg P ha−1) and zinc rates (10 and 15 kg Zn ha−1). The lower CGR and BY were recorded when P and Zn were not applied (control) or when P and Zn were applied alone. In the case of rice genotypes, the highest CGR and BY were recorded for the hybrid rice (Pukhraj) than the other two genotypes. The CGR was increased to the highest level at the heading stage as compared to tillering and physiological maturity. The increase in CGR had a positive impact on the total BY of rice cultivars. The increase in BY had a positive relationship with grain yield and grower’s income. It was concluded from the study that the combined application of higher P and Zn rates to the coarse rice genotypes (Fakhre-e-Malakand and Pukhraj) could increase CGR, total BY, crop productivity and profitability.

ACS Style

Amanullah; Inamullah; Jawaher Alkahtani; Mohamed Soliman Elshikh; Mona S. Alwahibi; Asim Muhammad; Manzoor Ahmad; Shah Khalid. Phosphorus and Zinc Fertilization Influence Crop Growth Rates and Total Biomass of Coarse vs. Fine Types Rice Cultivars. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1356 .

AMA Style

Amanullah, Inamullah, Jawaher Alkahtani, Mohamed Soliman Elshikh, Mona S. Alwahibi, Asim Muhammad, Manzoor Ahmad, Shah Khalid. Phosphorus and Zinc Fertilization Influence Crop Growth Rates and Total Biomass of Coarse vs. Fine Types Rice Cultivars. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (9):1356.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amanullah; Inamullah; Jawaher Alkahtani; Mohamed Soliman Elshikh; Mona S. Alwahibi; Asim Muhammad; Manzoor Ahmad; Shah Khalid. 2020. "Phosphorus and Zinc Fertilization Influence Crop Growth Rates and Total Biomass of Coarse vs. Fine Types Rice Cultivars." Agronomy 10, no. 9: 1356.

Journal article
Published: 02 September 2020 in Agriculture
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In the rice–wheat (R–W) system,00000000 inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizer (urea, etc.) is the largest component of the N cycle, because the supply of N from organic fertilizers is insufficient. But the 4% Initiative aims to improve organic matter and stimulate carbon sequestration in soils using best agronomic practices (sustainable management practices) which are economically, environmentally, and socially friendly. This research project was, therefore, designed to assess the impact of various organic sources (OS, animal manure versus plant residues), inorganic N (urea), and their different combinations on the N concentrations in soils and plants (i.e., grains and straw) of hybrid rice plants. The experiments were conducted on farmers’ fields in Batkhela (Malakand), northwestern Pakistan, over 2 years (2011–2012 (Y1) and 2012–2013 (Y2)). The results revealed that N concentrations in soil as well as in rice plants ranked first when applied with urea-N, followed by the application of N in mixture (urea + OS), while the control plots (no N applied) ranked at the bottom. Among the six OS (three animal manures: poultry, sheep, and cattle; and three crop residues: onion, berseem, and wheat), application of N in the form of poultry manure was superior in terms of higher N concentrations in both soil and plants. Applying the required total N (120 kg N ha−1) in the form of 75% N from urea +25% N from OS resulted in higher N concentrations in soil and plants in Y1. The required total N (120 kg N ha−1) application in the form of 50% N from urea +50% N from OS produced higher N concentrations in soil and plants in Y2. It was concluded from the results, that combined application of N sources in the form of urea + OS can produce good performances in terms of higher N concentrations in soil as well as in rice plants under the R–W system. Integrated use of urea (N-fertilizer) with organic carbon sources (animal manures and crop residue) could sustain rice-based (exhaustive) cropping system.

ACS Style

Amanullah; Hidayat Ullah; Mohamed Soliman Elshikh; Mona Alwahibi; Jawaher Alkahtani; Asim Muhammad; Shah Khalid; Imran. Nitrogen Contents in Soil, Grains, and Straw of Hybrid Rice Differ When Applied with Different Organic Nitrogen Sources. Agriculture 2020, 10, 386 .

AMA Style

Amanullah, Hidayat Ullah, Mohamed Soliman Elshikh, Mona Alwahibi, Jawaher Alkahtani, Asim Muhammad, Shah Khalid, Imran. Nitrogen Contents in Soil, Grains, and Straw of Hybrid Rice Differ When Applied with Different Organic Nitrogen Sources. Agriculture. 2020; 10 (9):386.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amanullah; Hidayat Ullah; Mohamed Soliman Elshikh; Mona Alwahibi; Jawaher Alkahtani; Asim Muhammad; Shah Khalid; Imran. 2020. "Nitrogen Contents in Soil, Grains, and Straw of Hybrid Rice Differ When Applied with Different Organic Nitrogen Sources." Agriculture 10, no. 9: 386.

Journal article
Published: 07 August 2020 in Agronomy
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Continuous cropping of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) deplete soil fertility and reduce crop productivity as well as zinc (Zn) concentrations in rice grains and straw. Low Zn concentrations in rice grains have a negative impact on human health, while low Zn concertation in rice straw creates a nutritional problem for animals. The current high yielding rice varieties and hybrids remove large quantities of Zn from the soils, lowering the residual concentrations of soil Zn for the subsequent crop (e.g., wheat). Field experiments were conducted on farmers field in Malakand with the objective to evaluate the impact of various combinations of phosphorus (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha−1) and Zn levels (0, 5, 10, and 15 kg ha−1) on biofortification of Zn in grains and straw of rice genotypes (fine (Bamati-385) vs. coarse (Fakhre-e-Malakand and Pukhraj)). The results revealed that Zn biofortification in rice genotypes increased with the integrated use of both nutrients (P + Zn) when applied at higher rates (80 and 120 kg P ha−1, and 10 and 15 kg Zn ha−1, respectively). The biofortification of Zn in both grains and straw was higher in the coarse than fine rice genotypes (Pukhraj > Fakhre-e-Malakand > Basmati-385). It was concluded from this study that the application of higher P and Zn levels increased Zn contents in rice parts (grains and straw) under the rice-wheat system. We also concluded from this study that Zn concentrations in rice grains and straw are influenced by plant genetic factors and Zn management practices.

ACS Style

Amanullah; Inamullah; Mona S. Alwahibi; Mohamed Soliman Elshikh; Jawaher Alkahtani; Asim Muhammad; Shah Khalid; Imran; Manzoor Ahmad; Nangial Khan; Saif Ullah; Izhar Ali. Phosphorus and Zinc Fertilization Improve Zinc Biofortification in Grains and Straw of Coarse vs. Fine Rice Genotypes. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1155 .

AMA Style

Amanullah, Inamullah, Mona S. Alwahibi, Mohamed Soliman Elshikh, Jawaher Alkahtani, Asim Muhammad, Shah Khalid, Imran, Manzoor Ahmad, Nangial Khan, Saif Ullah, Izhar Ali. Phosphorus and Zinc Fertilization Improve Zinc Biofortification in Grains and Straw of Coarse vs. Fine Rice Genotypes. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (8):1155.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amanullah; Inamullah; Mona S. Alwahibi; Mohamed Soliman Elshikh; Jawaher Alkahtani; Asim Muhammad; Shah Khalid; Imran; Manzoor Ahmad; Nangial Khan; Saif Ullah; Izhar Ali. 2020. "Phosphorus and Zinc Fertilization Improve Zinc Biofortification in Grains and Straw of Coarse vs. Fine Rice Genotypes." Agronomy 10, no. 8: 1155.

Journal article
Published: 02 August 2020 in Journal of Infection and Public Health
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Biofilm forming ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa make them vulnerable, because it makes them recalcitrant against various antibiotics. Quorum sensing (QS) is cell density based signaling that helps in bacterial cell–cell communication, which regulated various virulence factors such as pigment and biofilm formation that contribute in the establishment of chronic infections. The interruption of QS is one of the effective approach to control various virulence factors. Present study was intended with the aim to authenticate antibiofilm potential in different solvents based extracts of selected medicinal plant species viz. Berginia ciliata, Clematis grata and Clematis viticella traditionally used by the inhabitants of Himalayan region of Pakistan to treat various pathogenic diseases. P. aeruginosa PAO1, an opportunistic pathogen and involves in various life-threatening infections specifically in immune deficient patients was used as a model pathogen. Plants were extracted in various organic (ethanol, methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, hexane, chloroform) as well as in aqueous solvents and their ability to inhibit biofilm was measured. Biofilm of PAO1 was grown in Jensen's medium while growing at 30 °C and crystal violet assay was performed to assess the biofilm inhibiting activity of plant extracts. Solvents play a vital role in extraction of plant components and it was found that the plants in various solvents exhibit different activity against the PAO1 biofilm. Comparatively, 1% methanolic extract of B. ciliata (rhizome with skin), showed more than 80% inhibition of biofilm formation without effecting on the growth of the bacterium. Significant correlation between flavonoids content and antibiofilm activity in methanolic extract revealed the contribution of secondary metabolites in P. aeruginosa (PAO1) biofilm inhibition. Our study revealed that plants under investigation more specifically B. ciliata could be a potential candidate for drug discovery to treat P. aeruginosa PAO1, induced infectious diseases especially for its biofilm treatment.

ACS Style

Khan Alam; Dunia A. Al Farraj; Syeda Mah-E-Fatima; Muhammad Arfat Yameen; Mohamed Soliman Elshikh; Roua M. Alkufeidy; Abd El-Zaher M.A. Mustafa; Pramod Bhasme; Maryam K. Alshammari; Noorah A. Alkubaisi; Arshad Mehmood Abbasi; Tatheer Alam Naqvi. Anti-biofilm activity of plant derived extracts against infectious pathogen-Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Journal of Infection and Public Health 2020, 13, 1734 -1741.

AMA Style

Khan Alam, Dunia A. Al Farraj, Syeda Mah-E-Fatima, Muhammad Arfat Yameen, Mohamed Soliman Elshikh, Roua M. Alkufeidy, Abd El-Zaher M.A. Mustafa, Pramod Bhasme, Maryam K. Alshammari, Noorah A. Alkubaisi, Arshad Mehmood Abbasi, Tatheer Alam Naqvi. Anti-biofilm activity of plant derived extracts against infectious pathogen-Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Journal of Infection and Public Health. 2020; 13 (11):1734-1741.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khan Alam; Dunia A. Al Farraj; Syeda Mah-E-Fatima; Muhammad Arfat Yameen; Mohamed Soliman Elshikh; Roua M. Alkufeidy; Abd El-Zaher M.A. Mustafa; Pramod Bhasme; Maryam K. Alshammari; Noorah A. Alkubaisi; Arshad Mehmood Abbasi; Tatheer Alam Naqvi. 2020. "Anti-biofilm activity of plant derived extracts against infectious pathogen-Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1." Journal of Infection and Public Health 13, no. 11: 1734-1741.