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Background: The destructive insect pest Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous species targeting many economically important plants. The extensive and arbitrary use of insecticides has resulted in the build-up of insecticide resistance and pesticide residues accumulating in food. Therefore, it is becoming evident that alternative pest management tools are needed to reduce risks to humans, the environment, and non-target organisms, and at the same time, they should be used in field application at the lowest cost. Methods: In view of this objective, the present study demonstrates the toxicity of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf) essential oil (EO), against the black cutworm A. ipsilon under controlled laboratory conditions in terms of measuring the activity of peroxidase and detoxification enzymes. The chemical components of the EO were analyzed using GC–MS. Results: The results show that after 96 h post treatment, the LC15 and LC50 values were 427.67 and 2623.06 mg/L, respectively, of C. citratus EO on second-instar larvae of A. ipsilon. A slight significance in elongation of the larval duration with LC15 and LC50 value was found with control. By GC–MS analysis, the main compounds identified in the EO were α-citral and β-citral with percentages of 35.91%, and 35%, respectively. The oxidative stress indicates a significant increase in CAT and lipid peroxidase enzyme activity after 96 h post treatment at the LC15 and LC50. Conversely, the detoxification enzyme activity shows an inhibition of CarE and GST enzymes of larvae exposed to LC15 and LC50 values in response to C. citratus EO. Conclusions: The present data show that lemongrass EO has insecticidal activity against the black cutworm, A. ipsilon.
Moataz A. M. Moustafa; Mona Awad; Alia Amer; Nancy N. Hassan; El-Desoky S. Ibrahim; Hayssam M. Ali; Mohammad Akrami; Mohamed Z. M. Salem. Insecticidal Activity of Lemongrass Essential Oil as an Eco-Friendly Agent against the Black Cutworm Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Insects 2021, 12, 737 .
AMA StyleMoataz A. M. Moustafa, Mona Awad, Alia Amer, Nancy N. Hassan, El-Desoky S. Ibrahim, Hayssam M. Ali, Mohammad Akrami, Mohamed Z. M. Salem. Insecticidal Activity of Lemongrass Essential Oil as an Eco-Friendly Agent against the Black Cutworm Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Insects. 2021; 12 (8):737.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoataz A. M. Moustafa; Mona Awad; Alia Amer; Nancy N. Hassan; El-Desoky S. Ibrahim; Hayssam M. Ali; Mohammad Akrami; Mohamed Z. M. Salem. 2021. "Insecticidal Activity of Lemongrass Essential Oil as an Eco-Friendly Agent against the Black Cutworm Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." Insects 12, no. 8: 737.
Background: Trees are good sources of bioactive compounds as antifungal and antioxidant activities. Methods: Management of six molecularly identified Fusarium oxysporum isolates (F. oxy 1, F. oxy 2, F. oxy 3, F. oxy 4, F. oxy 5 and F. oxy 6, under the accession numbers MW854648, MW854649, MW854650, MW854651, and MW854652, respectively) was assayed using four extracts from Conium maculatum leaves, Acacia saligna bark, Schinus terebinthifolius wood and Ficus eriobotryoides leaves. All the extracts were analyzed using HPLC-VWD for phenolic and flavonoid compounds and the antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and β-carotene-linoleic acid (BCB) bleaching assays. Results: In mg/kg extract, the highest amounts of polyphenolic compounds p-hydroxy benzoic, benzoic, gallic, and rosmarinic acids, with 444.37, 342.16, 311.32 and 117.87, respectively, were observed in C. maculatum leaf extract; gallic and benzoic acids with 2551.02, 1580.32, respectively, in A. saligna bark extract; quinol, naringenin, rutin, catechol, and benzoic acid with 2530.22, 1224.904, 798.29, 732.28, and 697.73, respectively, in S. terebinthifolius wood extract; and rutin, o-coumaric acid, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, resveratrol, and rosmarinic acid with 9168.03, 2016.93, 1009.20, 1156.99, and 574.907, respectively, in F. eriobotryoides leaf extract. At the extract concentration of 1250 mg/L, the antifungal activity against the growth of F. oxysporum strains showed that A. saligna bark followed by C. maculatum leaf extracts had the highest inhibition percentage of fungal growth (IPFG%) against F. oxy 1 with 80% and 79.5%, F. oxy 2 with 86.44% and 78.9%, F. oxy 3 with 86.4% and 84.2%, F. oxy 4 with 84.2, and 82.1%, F. oxy 5 with 88.4% and 86.9%, and F. oxy 6 with 88.9, and 87.1%, respectively. For the antioxidant activity, ethanolic extract from C. maculatum leaves showed the lowest concentration that inhibited 50% of DPPH free radical (3.4 μg/mL). Additionally, the same extract observed the lowest concentration (4.5 μg/mL) that inhibited BCB bleaching. Conclusions: Extracts from A. saligna bark and C. maculatum leaves are considered potential candidates against the growth of F. oxysporum isolates—a wilt pathogen—and C. maculatum leaf as a potent antioxidant agent.
Mohamed Salem; Abeer Mohamed; Hayssam Ali; Dunia Al Farraj. Characterization of Phytoconstituents from Alcoholic Extracts of Four Woody Species and Their Potential Uses for Management of Six Fusarium oxysporum Isolates Identified from Some Plant Hosts. Plants 2021, 10, 1325 .
AMA StyleMohamed Salem, Abeer Mohamed, Hayssam Ali, Dunia Al Farraj. Characterization of Phytoconstituents from Alcoholic Extracts of Four Woody Species and Their Potential Uses for Management of Six Fusarium oxysporum Isolates Identified from Some Plant Hosts. Plants. 2021; 10 (7):1325.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed Salem; Abeer Mohamed; Hayssam Ali; Dunia Al Farraj. 2021. "Characterization of Phytoconstituents from Alcoholic Extracts of Four Woody Species and Their Potential Uses for Management of Six Fusarium oxysporum Isolates Identified from Some Plant Hosts." Plants 10, no. 7: 1325.
The main objective of this work was to evaluate pulp produced by kraft cooking for wood materials (WMT) (Bougainvillea spectabilis, Ficus altissima, and F. elastica) and non-wood materials (NWMT) (Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays stalks) and to study the fungal activity of handsheets treated with Melia azedarach heartwood extract (MAHE) solutions. Through the aforementioned analyses, the ideal cooking conditions were determined for each raw material based on the lignin percentage present. After cooking, pulp showed a decrease in the Kappa number produced from WMT, ranging from 16 to 17. This was in contrast with NWMT, which had Kappa numbers ranging from 31 to 35. A difference in the optical properties of the pulp produced from WMT was also observed (18 to 29%) compared with pulp produced from NWMT (32.66 to 35.35%). As for the evaluation of the mechanical properties, the tensile index of the pulp ranged from 30.5 to 40 N·m/g for WMT and from 44.33 to 47.43 N·m/g for NWMT; the tear index ranged from 1.66 to 2.55 mN·m2/g for WMT and from 4.75 to 5.87 mN·m2/g for NWMT; and the burst index ranged from 2.35 to 2.85 kPa·m2/g for WMT and from 3.92 to 4.76 kPa·m2/g for NWMT. Finally, the double fold number was 3 compared with that of pulp produced from pulp, which showed good values ranging from 36 to 55. In the SEM examination, sheets produced from treated handsheets with extract from MAHE showed no growth of Aspergillus fumigatus over paper discs manufactured from B. speclabilis pulp wood. Pulp paper produced from Z. mays and S. bicolor stalks was treated with 1% MAHE, while pulp paper from F. elastica was treated with 0.50% and 1% MAHE. With the addition of 0.5 or 1% MAHE, Fusarium culmorum showed no increase in growth over the paper manufactured from B. speclabilis, F. altissima, F. elastica and Zea mays pulps with visual inhibition zones found. There was almost no growth of S. solani in paper discs manufactured from pulps treated with 1% MAHE. This is probably due to the phytochemical compounds present in the extract. The HPLC analysis of MAHE identified p-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeine, rutin, chlorogenic acid, benzoic acid, quinol, and quercetin as the main compounds, and these were present in concentrations of 3966.88, 1032.67, 834.13, 767.81, 660.64, 594.86, and 460.36 mg/Kg extract, respectively. Additionally, due to the importance of making paper from agricultural waste (stalks of S. bicolor and Z. mays), the development of sorghum and corn with high biomass is suggested.
Mohamed Salem; Saqer Alotaibi; Wael Elgat; Ayman Taha; Yahia Fares; Ahmed El-Shehawi; Rehab Ghareeb. Antifungal Activities of Wood and Non-Wood Kraft Handsheets Treated with Melia azedarach Extract Using SEM and HPLC Analyses. Polymers 2021, 13, 2012 .
AMA StyleMohamed Salem, Saqer Alotaibi, Wael Elgat, Ayman Taha, Yahia Fares, Ahmed El-Shehawi, Rehab Ghareeb. Antifungal Activities of Wood and Non-Wood Kraft Handsheets Treated with Melia azedarach Extract Using SEM and HPLC Analyses. Polymers. 2021; 13 (12):2012.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed Salem; Saqer Alotaibi; Wael Elgat; Ayman Taha; Yahia Fares; Ahmed El-Shehawi; Rehab Ghareeb. 2021. "Antifungal Activities of Wood and Non-Wood Kraft Handsheets Treated with Melia azedarach Extract Using SEM and HPLC Analyses." Polymers 13, no. 12: 2012.
This work investigates an experimental study for using low-cost and eco-friendly oils to increase the shelf life of strawberry fruit. Three natural oils were used: (i) Eucalyptus camaldulensis var obtuse, (ii) Mentha piperita green aerial parts essential oils (EOs), and (iii) Moringa oleifera seeds n-hexane fixed oil (FO). Furthermore, a mixture of EOs from E. camaldulensis var obtusa and M. piperita (1/1 v/v) was used. The treated fruits were stored at 5 °C and 90% relative humidity (RH) for 18 days. HPLC was used to analyse the changes in phenolic compounds during the storage periods. The effects of biofumigation through a slow-release diffuser of EOs (E. camaldulensis var obtusa and M. piperita), or by coating with M. oleifera FO, were evaluated in terms of control of post-harvest visual and chemical quality of strawberry fruits. The post-harvest resistance of strawberry fruits to Botrytis cinerea fungal infection was also evaluated. As a result, the EO treatments significantly reduced the change in visual and chemical quality of strawberry fruit. Additionally, changes in the titratable acidity of moringa FO-coated strawberry fruits were delayed. EO treatments improved total soluble solids, total phenols, ascorbic acid, antioxidants and peroxidase. E. camaldulensis var obtusa and M. piperita (1/1 v/v) EO-vapour fruit exhibited a slower rate of deterioration, compared to other treatments in all tested, in two experiments. The lowest colour change (ΔE) was observed inthe fruit treated with E. camaldulensis var obtusa EO and M. oleifera FO. HPLC showed changes in phenolic compounds’ concentration, where p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid, ferulic acid and ellagic acid were mostly identified in the fruits treated with the oils. SEM examination confirmed the potential decrease in fungal growth as the fruits were treated with EOs. In conclusion, the treatment of EOs during different storage periods showed promising characterisations for strawberry fruit quality.
Doaa Abd-Elkader; Mohamed Salem; Doaa Komeil; Asma Al-Huqail; Hayssam Ali; Alaa Salah; Mohammad Akrami; Hanaa Hassan. Post-Harvest Enhancing and Botrytis cinerea Control of Strawberry Fruits Using Low Cost and Eco-Friendly Natural Oils. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1246 .
AMA StyleDoaa Abd-Elkader, Mohamed Salem, Doaa Komeil, Asma Al-Huqail, Hayssam Ali, Alaa Salah, Mohammad Akrami, Hanaa Hassan. Post-Harvest Enhancing and Botrytis cinerea Control of Strawberry Fruits Using Low Cost and Eco-Friendly Natural Oils. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (6):1246.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDoaa Abd-Elkader; Mohamed Salem; Doaa Komeil; Asma Al-Huqail; Hayssam Ali; Alaa Salah; Mohammad Akrami; Hanaa Hassan. 2021. "Post-Harvest Enhancing and Botrytis cinerea Control of Strawberry Fruits Using Low Cost and Eco-Friendly Natural Oils." Agronomy 11, no. 6: 1246.
Background: early blight disease caused by Alternaria solani is one of the most destructive diseases of the tomato, reducing tomato production globally. Methods: four fungal isolates were collected from four tomato cultivars and identified through morphological characterization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the internal transcript spacer (ITS) region. Plectranthus neochilus and Parthenocissus quinquefolia methanol extracts and the bioagents Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens were used as antifungal agents in vitro and in vivo and compared with chlorothalonil, a reference chemical fungicide. HPLC analysis of the plant extracts was used to identify the main flavonoid compounds, namely, rutin and myricetin. Results: molecular characterization showed that the fungal isolates belonged to A. solani. The results of in vitro antifungal activity studies revealed that chlorothalonil, at a concentration of 2500 mg/L, showed the highest inhibition percentage of fungal growth (IPFG) against A. solani (84.4%), followed by the bioagents T. viride and P. fluorescens, with IPFG values of 72.9% and 67.9%, respectively. Moderate to weak activity was found against A. solani when P. neochilus and P. quinquefolia extracts were applied at a concentration of 2500 mg/L, with an IPFG value of 54% for both extracts. The results of in vivo spray application showed that T. viride and chlorothalonil, as well as P. fluorescens, significantly reduced the disease index of early blight, and followed by the P. neochilus and P. quinquefolia extracts. By HPLC, the flavonoid compounds rutin and myricetin were identified in P. neochilus (leaf) with amounts of 2429.60 and 75.92 mg/100 g of extract, and in P. quinquefolia (fruit), with amounts of 1891.60 and 241.06 mg/100 g of extract, respectively. Conclusions: the results of the bioactivity of plant extracts and the bioagents indicate a vital role as antifungal activity against A. solani.
Abeer Mohamed; Mohsen Salah; Manal El-Dein; Mervat El-Hefny; Hayssam Ali; Dunia Farraj; Ashraf Hatamleh; Mohamed Salem; Nader Ashmawy. Ecofriendly Bioagents, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, and Plectranthus neochilus Extracts to Control the Early Blight Pathogen (Alternaria solani) in Tomato. Agronomy 2021, 11, 911 .
AMA StyleAbeer Mohamed, Mohsen Salah, Manal El-Dein, Mervat El-Hefny, Hayssam Ali, Dunia Farraj, Ashraf Hatamleh, Mohamed Salem, Nader Ashmawy. Ecofriendly Bioagents, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, and Plectranthus neochilus Extracts to Control the Early Blight Pathogen (Alternaria solani) in Tomato. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (5):911.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbeer Mohamed; Mohsen Salah; Manal El-Dein; Mervat El-Hefny; Hayssam Ali; Dunia Farraj; Ashraf Hatamleh; Mohamed Salem; Nader Ashmawy. 2021. "Ecofriendly Bioagents, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, and Plectranthus neochilus Extracts to Control the Early Blight Pathogen (Alternaria solani) in Tomato." Agronomy 11, no. 5: 911.
In the present study, growth and productivity of hot pepper planted in the two successive summer seasons of 2017 and 2018 were evaluated under the effect of foliar spray of variable doses of potassium silicate (PS), and clove water extract (CWE) with different rates of nitrogen (N) fertilization application. The post-harvest resistance of hot pepper fruits to Alternaria alternata fungal infection, was also evaluated. Maximum plant height was achieved with the application of the highest rates of N, PS and CWE, while the intermediate rates were sufficient to reach the maximum number of branches, the highest leaf dry matter and chlorophyll accumulation. Fruit yield progressively increased with increasing the applied N rate. The foliar application of PS and CWE exerted a limited, yet positive effect on fruit yield. Generally, the least amount of fruit yield, amounting to 18.84 and 18.00 t ha−1, resulted from the application of the lowest N rate (144 kg ha−1) in the absence of PS and CWE. The highest significant fruit yield, amounting to 31.71 and 31.22 t ha−1, for 2017 and 2018, respectively, accompanied the application of the maximum levels of the three factors. The application of high N rates increased the post-harvest Alternaria fruit rot severity. The positive effect of CWE application in counterbalancing the negative effects associated with the high rates of N and PS may be related to the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds ellagic acid, benzoic acid, catechol gallic acid, rutin, myricetin, quercetin, apigenin and kaempferol as identified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).
Shimaa Hassan; Ahmed El-Bebany; Mohamed Salem; Doaa Komeil. Productivity and Post-Harvest Fungal Resistance of Hot Pepper as Affected by Potassium Silicate, Clove Extract Foliar Spray and Nitrogen Application. Plants 2021, 10, 662 .
AMA StyleShimaa Hassan, Ahmed El-Bebany, Mohamed Salem, Doaa Komeil. Productivity and Post-Harvest Fungal Resistance of Hot Pepper as Affected by Potassium Silicate, Clove Extract Foliar Spray and Nitrogen Application. Plants. 2021; 10 (4):662.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShimaa Hassan; Ahmed El-Bebany; Mohamed Salem; Doaa Komeil. 2021. "Productivity and Post-Harvest Fungal Resistance of Hot Pepper as Affected by Potassium Silicate, Clove Extract Foliar Spray and Nitrogen Application." Plants 10, no. 4: 662.
Background: Fungi growing on wood cause deterioration of stored food materials or discoloration of the wood itself, and the search for new and safe bioagents is recently needed. Methods: Essential oils (EOs) from aerial parts from Mentha longifolia L. and Citrus reticulata L., analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), were tested for their antifungal activity by the vapor method against four common fungi, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. fumigatus, and Fusarium culmorum, and confirmed by SEM examination as the oils applied on wood samples. Results: The most abundant compounds identified in the EO from M. longifolia were menthone and eucalyptol; in C. reticulata EO, they were β-caryophyllene, β-caryophyllene oxide, and β-elemene. EOs from M. longifolia and C. reticulata, at 500 and 250 µL/mL, showed potent antifungal activity against A. flavus and A. fumigatus, with 100% fungal mycelial inhibition growth (FMIG). C. reticulata and M. longifolia EOs, at 125 µL/mL, observed FMIG values of 98% and 95%, respectively, against A. fumigatus. M. longifolia EO, at 500 and 250 µL/mL, showed potent activity against A. niger, with 100% FMIG. F. culmorum completely inhibited (100% FMIG) EOs from M. longifolia and C. reticulata applied at 500 µL/mL. Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Wood, treated with M. longifolia at 125 µL/mL, showed inhibition zone values of 7.33 and 21.33 mm against A. flavus and A. niger, respectively. Conclusions: Both oils possessed good wood-biofungicide activity with the vapor method, as clearly shown by the SEM examination. These activities suggest their possible use as natural wood preservatives.
Hayssam Ali; Wael Elgat; Mervat El-Hefny; Mohamed Salem; Ayman Taha; Dunia Al Farraj; Mohamed Elshikh; Ashraf Hatamleh; Eslam Abdel-Salam. New Approach for Using of Mentha longifolia L. and Citrus reticulata L. Essential Oils as Wood-Biofungicides: GC-MS, SEM, and MNDO Quantum Chemical Studies. Materials 2021, 14, 1361 .
AMA StyleHayssam Ali, Wael Elgat, Mervat El-Hefny, Mohamed Salem, Ayman Taha, Dunia Al Farraj, Mohamed Elshikh, Ashraf Hatamleh, Eslam Abdel-Salam. New Approach for Using of Mentha longifolia L. and Citrus reticulata L. Essential Oils as Wood-Biofungicides: GC-MS, SEM, and MNDO Quantum Chemical Studies. Materials. 2021; 14 (6):1361.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHayssam Ali; Wael Elgat; Mervat El-Hefny; Mohamed Salem; Ayman Taha; Dunia Al Farraj; Mohamed Elshikh; Ashraf Hatamleh; Eslam Abdel-Salam. 2021. "New Approach for Using of Mentha longifolia L. and Citrus reticulata L. Essential Oils as Wood-Biofungicides: GC-MS, SEM, and MNDO Quantum Chemical Studies." Materials 14, no. 6: 1361.
Plant growth regulators and Rhizobium are actively involved in the regulation of flowering, pod formation, nodulation, and ultimately the growth and yield of legumes. However, very limited information is available on the combined effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) and Rhizobium on growth attributes and yield of legume crops. This experiment was designed to fill this gap by studying the performance of chickpea under exogenous application of GA3 (10−4 and 10−5 M) alone and in combination with Rhizobium. Exogenous application of GA3 (10−5 M) combined with rhizobium inoculation gave the highest values for number of nodules per plant (16) and their dry biomass (0.22 g). Moreover, GA3 application and seed inoculation with Rhizobium, when applied singly, significantly enhanced chickpea growth. However, the most promising results were obtained by the inoculation of Rhizobium accompanied with GA3 (10−5 M). Plant height, grain and stover yield, and chlorophyll contents were enhanced up to 35%, 39%, 21%, and 51%, respectively. Likewise, the bioaccumulation of macronutrients (N, P and K) was maximum in plants receiving both Rhizobium inoculation and GA3 application. It is concluded that the combined application of Rhizobium and GA3 has synergistic effects on the growth, yield, and nutrient contents of chickpea.
Munazza Rafique; Muhammad Naveed; Adnan Mustafa; Saleem Akhtar; Muneeb Munawar; Sadia Kaukab; Hayssam M. Ali; Manzer H. Siddiqui; Mohamed Z. M. Salem. The Combined Effects of Gibberellic Acid and Rhizobium on Growth, Yield and Nutritional Status in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Agronomy 2021, 11, 105 .
AMA StyleMunazza Rafique, Muhammad Naveed, Adnan Mustafa, Saleem Akhtar, Muneeb Munawar, Sadia Kaukab, Hayssam M. Ali, Manzer H. Siddiqui, Mohamed Z. M. Salem. The Combined Effects of Gibberellic Acid and Rhizobium on Growth, Yield and Nutritional Status in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Agronomy. 2021; 11 (1):105.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMunazza Rafique; Muhammad Naveed; Adnan Mustafa; Saleem Akhtar; Muneeb Munawar; Sadia Kaukab; Hayssam M. Ali; Manzer H. Siddiqui; Mohamed Z. M. Salem. 2021. "The Combined Effects of Gibberellic Acid and Rhizobium on Growth, Yield and Nutritional Status in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)." Agronomy 11, no. 1: 105.
The acute toxicity from volatile toxin from the Limonia acidissima (La-VO) was evaluated on the mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Screening of La-VO showed five major bioactive compounds with a major peak estragole. The mortality rate was significantly greater at 150 ppm La-VO. The lethal concentration (LC50) was observed at 65.24 ppm. Sub-lethal dosage of La-VO resulted in significant changes in developmental times. Enzymatic profile of larvae post treatment showed upregulation of CYP450 and GST levels. A maximum repellent activity was observed at 75 ppm La-VO at 98% up to 210 minutes. The La-VO provided evidence of insecticidal and toxicity to the mosquito.
Muthiah Chellappandian; Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan; Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan; Sengodan Karthi; Kandaswamy Kalaivani; Wayne Brian Hunter; Hayssam M. Ali; Mohamed Z. M. Salem; Ahmed Abdel-Megeed. Volatile toxin of Limonia acidissima (L.) produced larvicidal, developmental, repellent, and adulticidal toxicity effects on Aedes aegypti (L.). Toxin Reviews 2020, 1 -15.
AMA StyleMuthiah Chellappandian, Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan, Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan, Sengodan Karthi, Kandaswamy Kalaivani, Wayne Brian Hunter, Hayssam M. Ali, Mohamed Z. M. Salem, Ahmed Abdel-Megeed. Volatile toxin of Limonia acidissima (L.) produced larvicidal, developmental, repellent, and adulticidal toxicity effects on Aedes aegypti (L.). Toxin Reviews. 2020; ():1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuthiah Chellappandian; Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan; Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan; Sengodan Karthi; Kandaswamy Kalaivani; Wayne Brian Hunter; Hayssam M. Ali; Mohamed Z. M. Salem; Ahmed Abdel-Megeed. 2020. "Volatile toxin of Limonia acidissima (L.) produced larvicidal, developmental, repellent, and adulticidal toxicity effects on Aedes aegypti (L.)." Toxin Reviews , no. : 1-15.
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is one of the major fiber crops. Its production is under threat due to scarcity of water resources under a changing climatic scenario. Limited water availability also decreases the uptake of phosphorus, and less uptake of phosphorus can deteriorate the quality attributes of cotton fiber. There is a need to introduce bio-organic amendments which can mitigate osmotic stress on a sustainable basis. Inoculation of rhizobacteria can play an imperative role in this regard. Rhizobacteria can not only improve the growth of roots but also enhance the availability of immobile phosphorus in soil. That is why the current experiment was conducted to explore and compare the efficacy of sole application of diammonium phosphate (DAP) over plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) coated DAP on growth and quality attributes of cotton under artificially induced osmotic stress at flowering stage. The impact of phosphorus levels was found to be significant on the plant height, leaf area, average boll weight, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, and seed cotton yield, while the irrigation effect was significant on all the parameters. The PGPR coated phosphorus performed better as compared to other treatments under normal irrigation and osmotic stress. Results showed that PGPR coated phosphorus increased by 29.47%, 21.01%, 41.11%, 32.73%, 15.63% and 22.89% plant height, average boll weight, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, fiber length, and seed cotton yield respectively. In conclusion, PGPR coated DAP can be helpful to get higher cotton productivity as compared to control and sole application of DAP under normal irrigation and osmotic stress.
Muhammad Majid; Muqarrab Ali; Khurram Shahzad; Fiaz Ahmad; Rao Ikram; Muhammad Ishtiaq; Ibrahim Alaraidh; Abdulrahman Al-Hashimi; Hayssam Ali; Tayebeh Zarei; Rahul Datta; Shah Fahad; Ayman El Sabagh; Ghulam Hussain; Mohamed Salem; Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman; Subhan Danish. Mitigation of Osmotic Stress in Cotton for the Improvement in Growth and Yield through Inoculation of Rhizobacteria and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria Coated Diammonium Phosphate. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10456 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Majid, Muqarrab Ali, Khurram Shahzad, Fiaz Ahmad, Rao Ikram, Muhammad Ishtiaq, Ibrahim Alaraidh, Abdulrahman Al-Hashimi, Hayssam Ali, Tayebeh Zarei, Rahul Datta, Shah Fahad, Ayman El Sabagh, Ghulam Hussain, Mohamed Salem, Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman, Subhan Danish. Mitigation of Osmotic Stress in Cotton for the Improvement in Growth and Yield through Inoculation of Rhizobacteria and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria Coated Diammonium Phosphate. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (24):10456.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Majid; Muqarrab Ali; Khurram Shahzad; Fiaz Ahmad; Rao Ikram; Muhammad Ishtiaq; Ibrahim Alaraidh; Abdulrahman Al-Hashimi; Hayssam Ali; Tayebeh Zarei; Rahul Datta; Shah Fahad; Ayman El Sabagh; Ghulam Hussain; Mohamed Salem; Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman; Subhan Danish. 2020. "Mitigation of Osmotic Stress in Cotton for the Improvement in Growth and Yield through Inoculation of Rhizobacteria and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria Coated Diammonium Phosphate." Sustainability 12, no. 24: 10456.
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) serves fundamental regulatory functions in metabolism beyond the role as damage signal. During stress conditions, the level of H2O2 increases in the cells and causes oxidative stress, which interferes with normal cell growth in plants and animals. The H2O2 also acts as a central signaling molecule and regulates numerous pathways in living cells. To better understand the generation of H2O2 in environmental responses and its role in cellular signaling, there is a need to study the flux of H2O2 at high spatio–temporal resolution in a real-time fashion. Herein, we developed a genetically encoded Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-based nanosensor (FLIP-H2O2) by sandwiching the regulatory domain (RD) of OxyR between two fluorescent moieties, namely ECFP and mVenus. This nanosensor was pH stable, highly selective to H2O2, and showed insensitivity to other oxidants like superoxide anions, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite. The FLIP-H2O2 demonstrated a broad dynamic range and having a binding affinity (Kd) of 247 µM. Expression of sensor protein in living bacterial, yeast, and mammalian cells showed the localization of the sensor in the cytosol. The flux of H2O2 was measured in these live cells using the FLIP-H2O2 under stress conditions or by externally providing the ligand. Time-dependent FRET-ratio changes were recorded, which correspond to the presence of H2O2. Using this sensor, real-time information of the H2O2 level can be obtained non-invasively. Thus, this nanosensor would help to understand the adverse effect of H2O2 on cell physiology and its role in redox signaling.
Amreen; Hayssam M. Ali; Mohammad Ahmad; Mohamed Z. M. Salem; Altaf Ahmad. Construction of a Nanosensor for Non-Invasive Imaging of Hydrogen Peroxide Levels in Living Cells. Biology 2020, 9, 430 .
AMA StyleAmreen, Hayssam M. Ali, Mohammad Ahmad, Mohamed Z. M. Salem, Altaf Ahmad. Construction of a Nanosensor for Non-Invasive Imaging of Hydrogen Peroxide Levels in Living Cells. Biology. 2020; 9 (12):430.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmreen; Hayssam M. Ali; Mohammad Ahmad; Mohamed Z. M. Salem; Altaf Ahmad. 2020. "Construction of a Nanosensor for Non-Invasive Imaging of Hydrogen Peroxide Levels in Living Cells." Biology 9, no. 12: 430.
Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and putrescine (Put) have shown a promising role in the mitigation of abiotic stresses in plants. The present study was anticipated to elucidate the potential of Bacillus thuringiensis IAGS 199 and Put in mitigation of cadmium (Cd)-induced toxicity in Capsicum annum. Cadmium toxicity decreased growth, photosynthetic rate, gas exchange attributes and activity of antioxidant enzymes in C. annum seedlings. Moreover, higher levels of protein and non-protein bound thiols besides increased Cd contents were also observed in Cd-stressed plants. B. thuringiensis IAGS 199 and Put, alone or in combination, reduced electrolyte leakage (EL), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in treated plants. Synergistic effect of B. thuringiensis IAGS 199 and Put significantly enhanced the activity of stress-responsive enzymes including peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Furthermore, Put and microbial interaction enhanced the amount of proline, soluble sugars, and total soluble proteins in C. annum plants grown in Cd-contaminated soil. Data obtained during the current study advocates that application of B. thuringiensis IAGS 199 and Put establish a synergistic role in the mitigation of Cd-induced stress through modulating physiochemical features of C. annum plants.
Anis Shah; Fatima Bibi; Iqtidar Hussain; Nasim Yasin; Waheed Akram; Muhammad Tahir; Hayssam Ali; Mohamed Salem; Manzer Siddiqui; Subhan Danish; Shah Fahad; Rahul Datta. Synergistic Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis IAGS 199 and Putrescine on Alleviating Cadmium-Induced Phytotoxicity in Capsicum annum. Plants 2020, 9, 1512 .
AMA StyleAnis Shah, Fatima Bibi, Iqtidar Hussain, Nasim Yasin, Waheed Akram, Muhammad Tahir, Hayssam Ali, Mohamed Salem, Manzer Siddiqui, Subhan Danish, Shah Fahad, Rahul Datta. Synergistic Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis IAGS 199 and Putrescine on Alleviating Cadmium-Induced Phytotoxicity in Capsicum annum. Plants. 2020; 9 (11):1512.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnis Shah; Fatima Bibi; Iqtidar Hussain; Nasim Yasin; Waheed Akram; Muhammad Tahir; Hayssam Ali; Mohamed Salem; Manzer Siddiqui; Subhan Danish; Shah Fahad; Rahul Datta. 2020. "Synergistic Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis IAGS 199 and Putrescine on Alleviating Cadmium-Induced Phytotoxicity in Capsicum annum." Plants 9, no. 11: 1512.
A trend towards environmentally friendly chemicals for use in termite management has been occurring globally. This study examined three naturally occurring plant extracts from Lavandula latifolia (Spike lavender), Origanum vulgare (Marjorum), and Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) against the termite Microcerotermes eugnathus. Plant extract results were compared to two commercially used termite pesticides, the bio-insecticide, Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Protecto 9.4% WP) and Dursban (Chlorpyrifos 48%). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was used to identify the main compounds in the three plant extracts. The main compounds in Lavandula Latifolia were linalool (21.49%), lavandulol (12.77%), β-terpinyl acetate (10.49%), and camphor (9.30%). Origanum vulgare extract contained thymol (14.64%), m-cymene (10.63%), linalool (6.75%), and terpinen-4-ol (6.92%) as main compounds. Syzygium aromaticum contained eugenol (99.16%) as the most abundant identified compound. The extract of O. vulgare caused the highest termite death rate, with an LC50 of 770.67 mg/L. Exposure to lavender extract showed a high death rate with an LC50 of 1086.39 mg/L. Clove extract did not show significant insecticidal activity with an LC50 > 2000 mg/L. Significant termiticide effects were found, with LC50 values of 84.09 and 269.98 mg/L for soldiers and workers under the application of Dursban and Protecto, respectively. The LC50 values reported for nymphs were O. vulgare extract, respectively. The results of the study show that some of the extracts have low toxicity compared to the bioagent and Dursban, and may show promise as natural termiticides, particularly as extracts from O. vulgare.
Mohamed Salem; Mona Ali; Maisa Mansour; Hayssam Ali; Esraa Abdel Moneim; Ahmed Abdel-Megeed. Anti-Termitic Activity of Three Plant Extracts, Chlorpyrifos, and a Bioagent Compound (Protecto) against Termite Microcerotermes eugnathus Silvestri (Blattodea: Termitidae) in Egypt. Insects 2020, 11, 756 .
AMA StyleMohamed Salem, Mona Ali, Maisa Mansour, Hayssam Ali, Esraa Abdel Moneim, Ahmed Abdel-Megeed. Anti-Termitic Activity of Three Plant Extracts, Chlorpyrifos, and a Bioagent Compound (Protecto) against Termite Microcerotermes eugnathus Silvestri (Blattodea: Termitidae) in Egypt. Insects. 2020; 11 (11):756.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed Salem; Mona Ali; Maisa Mansour; Hayssam Ali; Esraa Abdel Moneim; Ahmed Abdel-Megeed. 2020. "Anti-Termitic Activity of Three Plant Extracts, Chlorpyrifos, and a Bioagent Compound (Protecto) against Termite Microcerotermes eugnathus Silvestri (Blattodea: Termitidae) in Egypt." Insects 11, no. 11: 756.
In this study, ethanol whole plant extract (WPE) of Haplophyllum tuberculatum was characterized and tested for its antifungal and antiviral activities against Fusarium culmorum, Rhizoctonia solani and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that the main phytochemical constituents of H. tuberculatum WPE were resveratrol (5178.58 mg/kg), kaempferol (1735.23 mg/kg), myricetin (561.18 mg/kg), rutin (487.04 mg/kg), quercetin (401.04 mg/kg), and rosmarinic acid (387.33 mg/kg). By increasing H. tuberculatum WPE at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3%, all of the fungal isolates were suppressed compared to the two positive and negative controls. Under greenhouse conditions, WPE-treated Chenopodium amaranticolor plants strongly inhibited TMV infection and significantly reduced TMV accumulation levels when compared to non-treated plants. Moreover, the induction of systemic resistance with significant increases in the transcriptional levels of the pathogenesis-related protein-1 (PR-1), chalcone synthase (CHS), and hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA quinate transferase (HQT) genes for treated plants were noticed at 3 and 5 days post-inoculation (dpi) for both assays. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported observation of the antiviral activity of H. tuberculatum extract against plant viral infections. Finally, the results obtained suggest that H. tuberculatum WPE can be considered a promising source of both antifungal and antiviral substances for practical use and for developing plant-derived compounds for the effective management of plant diseases.
Ahmed Abdelkhalek; Mohamed Z. M. Salem; Elsayed Hafez; Said I. Behiry; Sameer H. Qari. The Phytochemical, Antifungal, and First Report of the Antiviral Properties of Egyptian Haplophyllum tuberculatum Extract. Biology 2020, 9, 248 .
AMA StyleAhmed Abdelkhalek, Mohamed Z. M. Salem, Elsayed Hafez, Said I. Behiry, Sameer H. Qari. The Phytochemical, Antifungal, and First Report of the Antiviral Properties of Egyptian Haplophyllum tuberculatum Extract. Biology. 2020; 9 (9):248.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmed Abdelkhalek; Mohamed Z. M. Salem; Elsayed Hafez; Said I. Behiry; Sameer H. Qari. 2020. "The Phytochemical, Antifungal, and First Report of the Antiviral Properties of Egyptian Haplophyllum tuberculatum Extract." Biology 9, no. 9: 248.
Several molds are able to colonize wood and many building products or solid wood causing losses for their valuable uses. Essential oils (EOs) from aromatic plants can be used as an ecofriendly biofungicide against the growth of several molds. EOs from Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Citrus aurantium, and C. sinensis have a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. EOs from of E. camaldulensis air-dried aerial parts, C. aurantium leaf and C. sinensis peel, and their combinations (1:1 v/v) were evaluated for their antifungal activity against the growth of four common mold fungi (Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. terreus, and Fusarium culmorum). The chemical compositions of the EOs were analyzed with GC/MS. The main compounds in EO from E. camaldulensis were spathulenol (20.84%), eucalyptol (12.01%), and sabinene (9.73%); in C. aurantium were linalyl acetate (42.29%), and linalool (29.76%); and in C. sinensis were D-limonene (73.4%) and γ-terpinene (22.6%). At 50 µL/mL, C. sinensis EO showed the highest fungal mycilial growth inhibition (FMGI) percentage (86.66%) against A. flavus. C. sinensis, E. camaldulensis, and E. camaldulensis/C. sinensis showed FMGI values of 96%, 91.66%, and 75.66% respectively, against A. niger. EOs from C. aurantium and C. sinensis showed potent activity against A. terreus (100% FMGI), while C. aurantium/E. camaldulensis and E. camaldulensis/C. sinensis showed FMGI values of 74.33% and 70.66%, respectively. Potent activity against F. culmorum with 100% was observed as the application of E. camaldulensis and C. sinensis EOs at 50 µL/mL, while E. camaldulensis/C. sinensis (50 µL/mL) showed FMGI value of 65.66%. The results suggest using the EOs and their combinations from E.camaldulensis, C. aurantium, and C. sinensis as a biofungicide against molds. The potent properties of EOs offer the possibility of using them as eco-friendly, safe, and cost-effective antimicrobials for molds that could cause discoloration of the wood packaging or food spoilage.
Wael A.A. Abo Elgat; Ahmed M. Kordy; Martin Böhm; Robert Černý; Ahmed Abdel-Megeed; Mohamed Z.M. Salem. Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Citrus aurantium, and Citrus sinensis Essential Oils as Antifungal Activity against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, and Fusarium culmorum. Processes 2020, 8, 1003 .
AMA StyleWael A.A. Abo Elgat, Ahmed M. Kordy, Martin Böhm, Robert Černý, Ahmed Abdel-Megeed, Mohamed Z.M. Salem. Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Citrus aurantium, and Citrus sinensis Essential Oils as Antifungal Activity against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, and Fusarium culmorum. Processes. 2020; 8 (8):1003.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWael A.A. Abo Elgat; Ahmed M. Kordy; Martin Böhm; Robert Černý; Ahmed Abdel-Megeed; Mohamed Z.M. Salem. 2020. "Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Citrus aurantium, and Citrus sinensis Essential Oils as Antifungal Activity against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, and Fusarium culmorum." Processes 8, no. 8: 1003.
The present study presented an integrated analytical approach to the Qur’anic manuscript with leather binding; the multianalyses revealed the degree of degradation for paper and leather in the current manuscript under the study, causing the mapping of treatment. The visual assessment detected yellowness in the internal papers, dark black spots, and advanced erosion in the leather bind. The result detected that this manuscript leads to yellowing and weakness in the properties of paper under the attack of acidity where the pH of paper reached 5.5. XRD and FTIR analyses of paper illustrated a dramatic decrease of crystallinity index with a notable increase of C=O stretching, respectively. The sharp increase of carbonyl group can be used as evidence of oxidation. The microscopic examination also showed that cotton was used in the manufacturing of the paper of the current manuscript, while the leather bind was made from goatskin. In addition, the cellulose and protein bundles were both destructive and disintegrated.
Rushdya Rabee Ali Hassan; Mona F. Ali; Abdel-Gawaad A. Fahmy; Hayssam M. Ali; Mohamed Z. M. Salem. Documentation and Evaluation of an Ancient Paper Manuscript with Leather Binding Using Spectrometric Methods. Journal of Chemistry 2020, 2020, 1 -10.
AMA StyleRushdya Rabee Ali Hassan, Mona F. Ali, Abdel-Gawaad A. Fahmy, Hayssam M. Ali, Mohamed Z. M. Salem. Documentation and Evaluation of an Ancient Paper Manuscript with Leather Binding Using Spectrometric Methods. Journal of Chemistry. 2020; 2020 ():1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRushdya Rabee Ali Hassan; Mona F. Ali; Abdel-Gawaad A. Fahmy; Hayssam M. Ali; Mohamed Z. M. Salem. 2020. "Documentation and Evaluation of an Ancient Paper Manuscript with Leather Binding Using Spectrometric Methods." Journal of Chemistry 2020, no. : 1-10.
In the present study, Acacia saligna (Labill.) H.L.Wendl. wood blocks with dimensions of 0.5 × 1 × 2 cm were inoculated with five molds (Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Alternaria tenuissima, Fusarium culmorum, and Trichoderma harzianum) and the changes in the organic acids (oxalic, citric, tartaric, succinic, glutaric, acetic, propionic, and butyric) of powdered wood were analyzed by HPLC. The effects of the five inoculated fungi on the alterations to the wood cell wall ultrastructures were examined by TEM. The wood became more acidic as it was inoculated with the studied fungi. From the HPLC analysis, the oxalic acid (293.34 µg/g o.d.) in the A. saligna, A. tenuissima (167.33 µg/g o.d.), and T. harzianum (245.01 µg/g o.d.) wood decreased, but it increased in the A. flavus (362.08 µg/g o.d.), A. niger (1202.53 µg/g o.d.), and F. culmorum (431.85 µg/g o.d.) inoculated wood. Citric acid was observed in the wood inoculated with A. flavus (110 µg/g o.d) and A. niger (2499.63 µg/g o.d). Tartaric (1150.98 µg/g o.d), acetic (2.04 µg/g o.d), and propionic (1.79 µg/g o.d) acids were found in the wood inoculated with A. niger. Butyric acid was found in small amounts. A loss of wood substances appeared as the electron-lucent increased in the middle lamella and the layers of the secondary wall. Within the secondary cell wall regions, checks and splits were also noted, which resulted from the effects of the acids on the carbohydrates, according to the fungus type and the acids. In conclusion, increasing the amount of organic acids in the wood samples through inoculation with fungi results in more degradations in the wood, especially in the wood inoculated with A. niger.
Maisa M. A. Mansour; Safa Abd El-Kader Mohamed Hamed; Mohamed Z. M. Salem; Hayssam M. Ali. Illustration of the Effects of Five Fungi on Acacia saligna Wood Organic Acids and Ultrastructure Alterations in Wood Cell Walls by HPLC and TEM Examinations. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 2886 .
AMA StyleMaisa M. A. Mansour, Safa Abd El-Kader Mohamed Hamed, Mohamed Z. M. Salem, Hayssam M. Ali. Illustration of the Effects of Five Fungi on Acacia saligna Wood Organic Acids and Ultrastructure Alterations in Wood Cell Walls by HPLC and TEM Examinations. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (8):2886.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaisa M. A. Mansour; Safa Abd El-Kader Mohamed Hamed; Mohamed Z. M. Salem; Hayssam M. Ali. 2020. "Illustration of the Effects of Five Fungi on Acacia saligna Wood Organic Acids and Ultrastructure Alterations in Wood Cell Walls by HPLC and TEM Examinations." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8: 2886.
Phenolic acids and natural extracts, as ecofriendly environmental agents, can be used as bio bactericides against the growth of plant pathogenic bacteria. In this study, isolation trails from infected potato tubers and stems that showed soft rot symptoms in fields revealed two soft rot bacterial isolates and were initially identified through morphological, physiological, and pathogenicity tests. The molecular characterization of these isolates via PCR, based on the 16S rRNA region, was carried out by an analysis of the DNA sequence via BLAST and Genbank, and showed that the soft rot bacterial isolates belong to Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (PCC1) and Dickeya solani (Ds1). The in vitro results of the tested phenolic acids against the cultured bacterial isolates proved that concentrations of 800, 1600, and 3200 μg/mL were the most effective. Ferulic acid was the potent suppressive phenolic acid tested against the Ds1 isolate, with an inhibition zone ranging from 6.00 to 25.75 mm at different concentrations (25–3200 μg/mL), but had no effect until reaching a concentration of 100 μg/mL in the PCC1 isolate, followed by tannic acid, which ranged from 7.00 to 25.50 mm. On the other hand, tannic acid resulted in a significant decrease in the growth rate of the PCC1 isolate with a mean of 9.11 mm. Chlorogenic acid was not as effective as the rest of the phenolic acids compared with the control. The n-hexane oily extract (HeOE) from Bougainvillea spectabilis bark showed the highest activity against PCC1 and Ds1, with inhibition zone values of 12 and 12.33 mm, respectively, at a concentration of 4000 μg/mL; while the HeOE from Citharexylum spinosum wood showed less activity. In the GC/MS analysis, nonanal, an oily liquid compound, was found ata percentage of 38.28%, followed by cis-2-nonenal (9.75%), which are the main compounds in B. spectabilis bark HeOE, and 2-undecenal (22.39%), trans-2-decenal (18.74%), and oleic acid (10.85%) were found, which are the main compounds in C. spinosum wood HeOE. In conclusion, the phenolic acids and plant HeOEs seem to raise the resistance of potato plants, improving their defense mechanisms against soft rot bacterial pathogens.
Nader A. Ashmawy; Said I. Behiry; Asma A. Al-Huqail; Hayssam M. Ali; Mohamed Z. M. Salem. Bioactivity of Selected Phenolic Acids and Hexane Extracts from Bougainvilla spectabilis and Citharexylum spinosum on the Growth of Pectobacterium carotovorum and Dickeya solani Bacteria: An Opportunity to Save the Environment. Processes 2020, 8, 482 .
AMA StyleNader A. Ashmawy, Said I. Behiry, Asma A. Al-Huqail, Hayssam M. Ali, Mohamed Z. M. Salem. Bioactivity of Selected Phenolic Acids and Hexane Extracts from Bougainvilla spectabilis and Citharexylum spinosum on the Growth of Pectobacterium carotovorum and Dickeya solani Bacteria: An Opportunity to Save the Environment. Processes. 2020; 8 (4):482.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNader A. Ashmawy; Said I. Behiry; Asma A. Al-Huqail; Hayssam M. Ali; Mohamed Z. M. Salem. 2020. "Bioactivity of Selected Phenolic Acids and Hexane Extracts from Bougainvilla spectabilis and Citharexylum spinosum on the Growth of Pectobacterium carotovorum and Dickeya solani Bacteria: An Opportunity to Save the Environment." Processes 8, no. 4: 482.
A batch bio-sorption experiment was conducted on Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. wood-branch in the form of woody sawdust nanoparticles (nSD-KF) to evaluate their potential efficiency as phosphate bio-sorption capacity. The operating parameters of phosphate bio-sorption including contact time, initial concentration, pH, temperature, dosage, size, competing ion, and the possible mechanisms responsible for phosphate removal from water were investigated. The nSD-KF were green-synthesized by ball mill grinder and phosphate solutions with various concentrations were performed. The results revealed that the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) value of nSD-KF was 50,000 µg/g. In addition, the removal efficiency of nSD-KF significantly increased with the increase of initial phosphate concentration, contact time, temperature, and dosage. However, it decreased with the increase of pH and in double-system solution with the presence of ammonium ions. At the application study, the nSD-KF successfully removed 87.82% and 92.09% of phosphate from real agricultural wastewater in a batch experiment and in a column experiment, respectively. Adsorption efficiency of nSD-KF for phosphate increased after the first and second regeneration cycles, but it decreased after the third and fourth cycles. The poor to moderate phosphate desorption from nSD-KF sorbent indicates the stability of phosphate bound to nSD-KF materials. Regardless, biodegradability of nSD-KF-loaded phosphate is possible, and it will be a good source of phosphate to a plant when added to the agricultural soil as a supplemental application of fertilizer. In conclusion, nSD-KF could be considered as a promising lignocellulosic biomaterial used for the removal of phosphate from waters as bio-sorption process.
Ahmed M. Mahdy; Mohamed Z. M. Salem; Asmaa M. Ali; Hayssam M. Ali. Optimum Operating Conditions for the Removal of Phosphate from Water Using of Wood-Branch Nanoparticles from Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Materials 2020, 13, 1851 .
AMA StyleAhmed M. Mahdy, Mohamed Z. M. Salem, Asmaa M. Ali, Hayssam M. Ali. Optimum Operating Conditions for the Removal of Phosphate from Water Using of Wood-Branch Nanoparticles from Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Materials. 2020; 13 (8):1851.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmed M. Mahdy; Mohamed Z. M. Salem; Asmaa M. Ali; Hayssam M. Ali. 2020. "Optimum Operating Conditions for the Removal of Phosphate from Water Using of Wood-Branch Nanoparticles from Eucalyptus camaldulensis." Materials 13, no. 8: 1851.
In the pulp and paper industry, several studies have been done to improve and enhance the properties of the mechanical, optical, and antimicrobial activities of pulp produced with different additives. In the present study, pulp of wood branches (WBs) from Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. and Meryta sinclairii (Hook.f.) Seem. was treated with n-hexane oily extracts (HeOE) from Melia azedarach L. fruits, Magnolia grandiflora L. leaves, and Sinapis alba L. seeds as additives at concentrations of 1%, 3%, and 5% based on oven-dry pulp weight. Measured mechanical properties were higher in paper sheets made from E. camaldulensis than M. sinclairii WB pulp. The highest tensile index values were observed with E. camaldulensis WB pulp treated with 5% HeOEs of S. alba (33.90 N·m/g) and M. grandiflora (33.76 N·m/g) compared to control (32.10 N·m/g); the highest tear index with 5% HeOE of S. alba (4.11 mN·m2/g) compared to control (3.32 mN·m2/g); and the highest burst index with 5% HeOE of S. alba (4.11 kPa·m2/g) compared to control (3.08 kPa·m2/g). The highest double-fold number value (9) was observed with E. camaldulensis WB pulp treated with 5% HeOEs of S. alba, M. azedarach, and M. grandiflora but with no significant difference compared to control treatment (8.33) or other HeOE treatments with E. camaldulensis WB pulp. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination showed clear inhibition of the growth of Aspergillus terreus with WB pulp paper discs of E. camaldulensis and M. sinclairii treated with HeOEs of M. azedarach, S. alba, and M. grandiflora at 3% and 5% compared to control treatment, while HeOEs at 5% concentration showed no growth of A. niger and A. terreus. The present findings establish that the HeOEs from M. azedarach, S. alba, and M. grandiflora at 3% and 5% are novel natural products that can be used as alternatives to improve the properties and antifungal activity of WB pulp produced from E. camaldulensis and M. sinclairii.
Mohamed Z. M. Salem; Wael A. A. Abo Elgat; Ayman S. Taha; Yahia G. D. Fares; Hayssam M. Ali. Impact of Three Natural Oily Extracts as Pulp Additives on the Mechanical, Optical, and Antifungal Properties of Paper Sheets Made from Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Meryta sinclairii Wood Branches. Materials 2020, 13, 1292 .
AMA StyleMohamed Z. M. Salem, Wael A. A. Abo Elgat, Ayman S. Taha, Yahia G. D. Fares, Hayssam M. Ali. Impact of Three Natural Oily Extracts as Pulp Additives on the Mechanical, Optical, and Antifungal Properties of Paper Sheets Made from Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Meryta sinclairii Wood Branches. Materials. 2020; 13 (6):1292.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed Z. M. Salem; Wael A. A. Abo Elgat; Ayman S. Taha; Yahia G. D. Fares; Hayssam M. Ali. 2020. "Impact of Three Natural Oily Extracts as Pulp Additives on the Mechanical, Optical, and Antifungal Properties of Paper Sheets Made from Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Meryta sinclairii Wood Branches." Materials 13, no. 6: 1292.