This study is based on the need to work on the digital literacy of our Infant Education degree, Primary Education degree and Master in Secondary Education students so that, as future teachers, they are able to make the necessary transition from ICTs (Information and Communication Technologies) to LKTs (Learning and Knowledge Technologies) Through a mixed methodology, knowledge and perceptions of basic technological concepts and tools of our trainee teachers are identified. The instrument used has been a Likert scale questionnaire, adapted and validated by experts from the participating universities. Its internal consistency demonstrates its worth and functionality for the proposed analysis (α = 0.958). The first results show a clear lack of knowledge of certain technological concepts essential for their future teaching work and, in turn, show significant differences regarding the knowledge of ICTs according to the age of the participants.

Previous research has established the lack of motivation by primary education students vis-à-vis the acquisition of the necessary key competencies compulsory in the Spanish school curriculum and this is closely linked to poor academic performance on the part of the aforesaid students. Based on this current educational reality, we present a quantitative study regarding the perception of students after the implementation of a new gamified experience in the classroom such that it integrates, for the first time and jointly, the benefits of gamification (Deterding et al., 2011a; Deterding & Zagal, 2018) with interdisciplinary methodologies (Candel, 2018; Cruz-Pichardo & Cabero-Almenara, 2020; Flores-Aguilar, 2019) and technology-enhanced transmedia narratives (Scolari 2018a, 2018b; Jenkins, 2003; Scolari 2018a, 2018b). This integrative and innovative proposal was implemented in a primary school in Valencia (Spain) between October 2019 and February 2020. The research is designed based on survey-type studies, employing an experimental cross-sectional quantitative methodology with pretest and posttest, in addition to experimental and control groups. Regarding the cross-sectional approach, descriptive analyses (means and standard deviation) have been conducted, together with histograms of each of the items in the questionnaire, as well as the Student's t test and an analysis of variance, which is of significant value when working with independent samples from a normal distribution, as in our case. The instrument utilised in the present study confirms the existence of a high and adequate internal consistency (Alpha = .873). The results obtained, as presented herein, confirm that the incorporation of the gamified proposals in primary school classes, unprecedentedly intertwined with the benefits provided by interdisciplinary work and transmedia narratives, notably improves the students' training process and their motivation, while also contributing to the better acquisition of compulsory curricular contents and enhanced academic performance.

Previous research has shown the consolidation of the digital divide as an object of study over the last two decades. The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has multiplied the consequences of digital exclusion, as well as the number of studies examining its effects in the educational field. Based on this current educational reality, we approach a proposal that examines in depth the existing literature on the digital divide in the educational context by using the systematic review as a research methodology. We present an analysis of relevant studies published in the last three years with the aim of answering the following questions: How did the digital divide affected e-learning and ICT implementation during the pandemic? ; what methods were used to assess it? ; and what are the proposals to counteract its presence?. The results obtained in our study confirm the use of systematic reviewing which synthesize and accumulate the results of different primary studies. These results also serve to identify research gaps that point, in our case, towards future lines of work on the causes, persistence and interventions to mitigate the expansion of the digital divide in today's educational landscape.

Different theories addressing the motivational process in educational practice highlight the importance of the teacher’s perspective in the effective integration of technologies as pedagogical–didactic tools in the classroom. The current study consists of a manifest content analysis applying a non-experimental, cross-sectional, qualitative research design. A longitudinal study was conducted through semi-structured individual interviews over three academic years (2020–2023) with a sample of 36 teacher-training students, including undergraduate and postgraduate students from the Valencian Community. The results obtained reveal the participants’ perceptions of the motivations for using technology in their self-learning process, highlighting the positive value they attribute to these tools as resources to motivate their future students. The narratives compiled highlight the relationship between the use of technology and improved academic performance in teacher training. Furthermore, they underline the need to incorporate educational models that not only foster digital skills but also provide solid pedagogical training in this area.

En la siguiente investigación se propone la evolución de la práctica de las constelaciones literarias a través de los conceptos de multimodalidad y narrativas transmedia. Se realiza un análisis cuantitativo de dos experiencias concretas realizadas durante el curso académico 2019-2020 en la Universidad de Alicante, , con el objetivo principal de desarrollar el concepto de intertextualidad entre nuestro alumnado. Se trabajan las constelaciones desde una perspectiva interdisciplinar, donde el uso de la tecnología es ineludible, para la publicación en abierto de las actividades a través de vídeos, presentaciones y blogs. Se han desarrollado diversos cuestionarios mixtos, con una fiabilidad adecuada, para comprobar los aprendizajes de la propuesta, con unos resultados excelentes. La temática de las constelaciones ha variado entre ambas experiencias, desde los pecados capitales a los personajes infantiles tradicionales, demostrando que las constelaciones pueden aplicarse con diversas temáticas y distintos objetivos educativos. La expansión transmedia de la práctica además ha permitido adaptar las constelaciones a los nuevos tiempos de docencia híbrida u online. Abstract The following research proposes an evolution of the practice of literary constellations through the concepts of multimodality and transmedia narratives. A quantitative analysis of two specific experiences carried out during the academic year 2019-2020 at the University of Alicante is carried out, which confirm the possibilities of this practice in teacher training, with the main objective of developing the concept of intertextuality among our students. The constellations are worked on from an interdisciplinary perspective, where the use of technology is unavoidable, for the open publication of activities through videos, presentations and blogs. Various mixed questionnaires have been developed, with adequate reliability, to verify the learning of the proposal, with excellent results. The theme of the constellations has varied between the two experiences, from the deadly sins to traditional children's characters, showing that the constellations can be applied for varied themes and different educational purposes. The transmedia expansion of the practice has also made it possible to adapt the constellations to the new times of hybrid or online teaching. Keywords: literary education, transmedia narratives, multimodal reading, hypertextuality, intertextuality

Mejorar la competencia digital y literaria del profesorado en formación a través del diseño de constelaciones multimodales es el objetivo central de esta investigación. La observación estructurada de esta actuación didáctica, así como los cuestionarios de análisis implementados (n = 138), nos ofrecen datos relevantes que validan la utilidad de esta práctica para el futuro docente. A partir de un enfoque descriptivo transversal se emplean análisis de estadísticos de tendencia central (medias y desviaciones típicas) y análisis bivariantes (pruebas t de Student) a través de la implementación de dos cuestionarios mixtos. La consistencia interna de los instrumentos implementados (α = .737) ratifica su rigor como herramienta de análisis. Los resultados obtenidos confirman que la incorporación de las constelaciones multimodales en las aulas como práctica lectora mejora la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de competencias esenciales en la formación docente.