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Dr. Yohei Endo
Shinshu University

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0 Conservation
0 Numerical Analysis
0 Finite element method
0 Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis
0 Seismic Analysis

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Journal article
Published: 10 May 2021 in Applied Sciences
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Experimental and numerical studies were conducted to examine the resistance of a newly developed residential building to inundations. Natural disasters including inundations have occurred frequently in recent decades. Once inundations submerge urban areas, water may remain there for days. This can cause substantial economic and social costs. Flood hazards have been widely discussed and investigated. However, sufficient research contributions have not been made on the behaviour of individual buildings under inundations. The objective of the research was to develop a prototype residential building in which residents can stay during inundations without the need of evacuation. A 3-m water depth was the target for safety evaluation in this research. This paper dealt with three tasks. First, three-point bending tests were performed on window components. Second, a hydrostatic pressure test was carried out on a full-scale reinforced concrete (RC) specimen. Third, taking advantage of the preceding two tasks, numerical simulations were performed to examine the behaviour of the prototype building under hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressures. The experiments and numerical analyses showed that the prototype building had sufficient resistance and waterproofness against the inundations of a 3-m water depth. This research contributed to the improvements of the safety of RC structures against inundations and flood-risk reduction in urban areas.

ACS Style

Yohei Endo; Takaharu Yasue. Safety Evaluation of a RC Structure with Multiple Openings under High Water Depth Inundations. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 4297 .

AMA Style

Yohei Endo, Takaharu Yasue. Safety Evaluation of a RC Structure with Multiple Openings under High Water Depth Inundations. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (9):4297.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yohei Endo; Takaharu Yasue. 2021. "Safety Evaluation of a RC Structure with Multiple Openings under High Water Depth Inundations." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9: 4297.

Technical papers
Published: 12 April 2021 in Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration
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A seismic assessment of two multi-tier pagodas by numerical analysis is presented herein. The Changu Narayan temple and the Kumbeshwar temple in Nepal are used as the case studies. Both pagodas are built of brick masonry in earthen mortar, with timber columns and crossbeams. The Changu Narayan temple is a two-tier pagoda, and was seriously damaged during the 2015 Gorkha earthquake. The Kumbeshwar temple is a five-tier pagoda, and its top-tier collapsed due to the Gorkha earthquake. A seismic assessment was carried out using finite element (FE) analysis. The FE models were prepared, and dynamic identification tests and penetrometer tests were conducted. Pushover analysis and nonlinear dynamic analysis were performed as part of the seismic assessment. The main shock of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake was considered as the input accelerograms. The behavior between the two pagodas was compared with the collapse mechanisms and damage patterns observed in the actual structures. The comparison suggested common structural features of multi-tier pagodas. This study is dedicated to providing a better understanding of the seismic behavior of multi-tier pagoda-type structures and provides suggestions for their effective analysis.

ACS Style

Yohei Endo; Toshikazu Hanazato. Seismic assessment of two multi-tiered pagodas damaged by the 2015 Nepal earthquake. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2021, 20, 453 -469.

AMA Style

Yohei Endo, Toshikazu Hanazato. Seismic assessment of two multi-tiered pagodas damaged by the 2015 Nepal earthquake. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration. 2021; 20 (2):453-469.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yohei Endo; Toshikazu Hanazato. 2021. "Seismic assessment of two multi-tiered pagodas damaged by the 2015 Nepal earthquake." Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 20, no. 2: 453-469.

Journal article
Published: 24 March 2021 in Sustainability
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The present paper discusses the applications of life-cycle assessment (LCA) to construction works in Japan. LCA has been frequently used to assess the environmental impacts of new construction. Nonetheless, the applications of LCA to restoration have not been fully confirmed to date. It is said that historical buildings may contribute to sustainable development. Nonetheless, as for heritage buildings, since the protection of cultural value is usually prioritised, their environmental impacts may not be sufficiently explored. To this aim, this paper evaluated the environmental impacts of the restoration of heritage buildings. This paper consisted of two tasks. First, the restoration projects of heritage buildings in Japan were introduced. The restoration of two heritage houses was discussed, referring to heritage protection legislation in Japan. Second, LCA was performed on the restoration of heritage houses and the construction of contemporary houses. Environmental impacts were compared between the restoration and new construction with regard to greenhouse gas emissions and operational energy use. A focus was given to the amount of materials used. Restoration consumes a limited amount of materials compared to new construction, although the energy use of heritage buildings is considerable. The environmental impacts of restoration were quantified so that they were compared with those of new construction. The comparison indicated issues applying LCA to heritage buildings.

ACS Style

Yohei Endo; Hideki Takamura. Evaluation of Life-Cycle Assessment Analysis: Application to Restoration Projects and New Construction in Alpine Climate, Japan. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3608 .

AMA Style

Yohei Endo, Hideki Takamura. Evaluation of Life-Cycle Assessment Analysis: Application to Restoration Projects and New Construction in Alpine Climate, Japan. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):3608.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yohei Endo; Hideki Takamura. 2021. "Evaluation of Life-Cycle Assessment Analysis: Application to Restoration Projects and New Construction in Alpine Climate, Japan." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 3608.

Journal article
Published: 09 November 2019 in Engineering Failure Analysis
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The paper discusses the mechanical characterisation tests conducted on the masonry composed of fired solid bricks and earthen mortar. Earth materials are considered favourable from the viewpoint of sustainability. Nonetheless, limited experimental investigations have been made on the mechanical characterisation of earth materials. In the present study, the bricks were taken from existing historical structures in Nepal. The earthen mortar was made from locally available loam. Uniaxial compression, diagonal compression and bending tests were performed. The specimens strengthened with timber and steel members were also tested. The tests showed that the masonry specimens had fair strength in compression, shear and tension. The strengthening with timber and steel members successfully increased the strength and stiffness of the specimens. The paper aims to deepen the understanding of the mechanical behaviour of the masonry composed of fired solid bricks and earthen mortar and to provide suggestions for the strengthening of such masonry.

ACS Style

Yohei Endo; Kentaro Yamaguchi; Toshikazu Hanazato; Chhabi Mishra. Characterisation of mechanical behaviour of masonry composed of fired bricks and earthen mortar. Engineering Failure Analysis 2019, 109, 104280 .

AMA Style

Yohei Endo, Kentaro Yamaguchi, Toshikazu Hanazato, Chhabi Mishra. Characterisation of mechanical behaviour of masonry composed of fired bricks and earthen mortar. Engineering Failure Analysis. 2019; 109 ():104280.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yohei Endo; Kentaro Yamaguchi; Toshikazu Hanazato; Chhabi Mishra. 2019. "Characterisation of mechanical behaviour of masonry composed of fired bricks and earthen mortar." Engineering Failure Analysis 109, no. : 104280.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2019 in RILEM Bookseries
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The present paper discusses a five-tier pagoda in Nepal from the viewpoint of the damage observed after an earthquake. Nepal is a highly seismic-prone country and many structures experience significant damage during earthquakes. Structures are typically composed of timber and masonry which consists of burnt or sundried bricks and mud mortar. The Kathmandu Valley including three major Nepalese cities Bhaktapur, Kathmandu, Patan has been inscribed on the World Heritage List since 1979 as a representative example of unique Newari culture. In the paper, Kumbeshwar temple in Patan is studied. The top-tier was collapsed after the earthquake occurred in Nepal in 2015. The collapse mechanism is described and studied through kinematic limit analysis and preliminary FE analysis. The paper introduces an architecturally characteristic monument in Nepal and would contribute to understanding of seismic behaviour of multi-tier pagodas.

ACS Style

Yohei Endo; Toshikazu Hanazato. Seismic Behaviour of a Historic Five-Tiered Pagoda in Nepal. RILEM Bookseries 2019, 1337 -1345.

AMA Style

Yohei Endo, Toshikazu Hanazato. Seismic Behaviour of a Historic Five-Tiered Pagoda in Nepal. RILEM Bookseries. 2019; ():1337-1345.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yohei Endo; Toshikazu Hanazato. 2019. "Seismic Behaviour of a Historic Five-Tiered Pagoda in Nepal." RILEM Bookseries , no. : 1337-1345.

Articles
Published: 04 December 2018 in International Journal of Architectural Heritage
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This article discusses seismic behavior of a multi-tier brick masonry pagoda strengthened with modern materials. A three-tier pagoda, the Radha Krishna temple is studied. This Hindu temple was located in the historic centre of Patan, Nepal. The structure was composed of masonry walls of solid bricks and mud mortar with the timber frame structure placed in the walls. A large-scale intervention was carried out in 1992. Concrete ring beams were installed at the top of the ground tier and first-tier. Cross steel I-beams were located at the top of the first tier. The pagoda was completely collapsed after the Gorkha earthquake in 2015. The article discusses behavior and capacity of the pagoda under a seismic load. Two FE models are prepared, representing the state before and after the above-mentioned intervention. The adopted material properties are determined on the basis of the dynamic identification and laboratory material tests. Pushover and nonlinear dynamic analysis (NDA) are applied. An accelerogram generated from the Gorkha earthquake is considered for NDA. The applied seismic analyses examine closely the behavior and capacity of the pagoda before and after the intervention. The article provides suggestions for the seismic analysis of pagoda-type structures.

ACS Style

Yohei Endo; Toshikazu Hanazato. Seismic Analysis of a Three-Tiered Pagoda Temple Affected by the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake. International Journal of Architectural Heritage 2018, 14, 457 -470.

AMA Style

Yohei Endo, Toshikazu Hanazato. Seismic Analysis of a Three-Tiered Pagoda Temple Affected by the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake. International Journal of Architectural Heritage. 2018; 14 (3):457-470.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yohei Endo; Toshikazu Hanazato. 2018. "Seismic Analysis of a Three-Tiered Pagoda Temple Affected by the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake." International Journal of Architectural Heritage 14, no. 3: 457-470.

Journal article
Published: 02 February 2017 in International Journal of Architectural Heritage
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This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis Group in International Journal of Architectural Heritage on 2017, available online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/15583058.2016.1277566This paper presents the study of the structural performance of a set of timbrel vaults belonging to the so-called Administration Pavilion of the Hospital de Sant Pau, a large-scale hospital complex located in Barcelona. The paper includes three parts. First, the Administration pavilion of Hospital de Sant Pau is described by putting the emphasis on the geometry of the masonry vaults and the combined utilisation of steel and masonry structural members. Second, laboratory and in-situ experiments are discussed. Finally, the behaviour observed during the dynamic-identification and the static-loading tests is simulated by means of FEM analysis. The FEM models prepared to analyse the vaults take explicitly into account the direct effect of secondary masonry structural elements, such as the upper slab and the extrados stiffening diaphragms. The comparison indicates that the consideration of these structural elements is essential for an adequate FEM simulation of both the dynamic and the static behaviour of the timbrel vaults.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

ACS Style

Yohei Endo; Miquel S. Llorens; Pere Roca; Luca Pelà. Dynamic Identification and Static Loading Tests of Timbrel Vaults: Application to a Modernist 20th Century Heritage Structure. International Journal of Architectural Heritage 2017, 11, 607 -620.

AMA Style

Yohei Endo, Miquel S. Llorens, Pere Roca, Luca Pelà. Dynamic Identification and Static Loading Tests of Timbrel Vaults: Application to a Modernist 20th Century Heritage Structure. International Journal of Architectural Heritage. 2017; 11 (4):607-620.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yohei Endo; Miquel S. Llorens; Pere Roca; Luca Pelà. 2017. "Dynamic Identification and Static Loading Tests of Timbrel Vaults: Application to a Modernist 20th Century Heritage Structure." International Journal of Architectural Heritage 11, no. 4: 607-620.

Review
Published: 12 August 2016 in Journal of Earthquake Engineering
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ACS Style

Yohei Endo; Luca Pelà; Pere Roca. Review of Different Pushover Analysis Methods Applied to Masonry Buildings and Comparison with Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis. Journal of Earthquake Engineering 2016, 21, 1234 -1255.

AMA Style

Yohei Endo, Luca Pelà, Pere Roca. Review of Different Pushover Analysis Methods Applied to Masonry Buildings and Comparison with Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis. Journal of Earthquake Engineering. 2016; 21 (8):1234-1255.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yohei Endo; Luca Pelà; Pere Roca. 2016. "Review of Different Pushover Analysis Methods Applied to Masonry Buildings and Comparison with Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis." Journal of Earthquake Engineering 21, no. 8: 1234-1255.

Journal article
Published: 24 July 2015 in Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering
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This paper presents the seismic assessment of a historical church by means of different analysis methods. The church of San Marco, seriously damaged by 2009 L’Aquila earthquake, Italy, is chosen as case-study. The analysis tools adopted and compared are linear and non-linear kinematic analysis, FEM pushover analysis and FEM nonlinear dynamic analysis. The different methods are evaluated regarding their ability to predict the damage and collapse mechanisms actually caused by the earthquake. The accelerograms of the main shock of the 6th April 2009 L’Aquila earthquake are considered for nonlinear dynamic analysis. The influence of relevant construction features, as original disconnection between parts or RC additions, is analysed into detail. Limit analysis is carried out to understand some of the critical collapse mechanisms which are not clearly revealed by FE analysis. The comparison of the analysis methods indicates advantages and limitations of each approach.

ACS Style

Yohei Endo; Luca Pelà; Pere Roca; Francesca Da Porto; Claudio Modena. Comparison of seismic analysis methods applied to a historical church struck by 2009 L’Aquila earthquake. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 2015, 13, 3749 -3778.

AMA Style

Yohei Endo, Luca Pelà, Pere Roca, Francesca Da Porto, Claudio Modena. Comparison of seismic analysis methods applied to a historical church struck by 2009 L’Aquila earthquake. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering. 2015; 13 (12):3749-3778.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yohei Endo; Luca Pelà; Pere Roca; Francesca Da Porto; Claudio Modena. 2015. "Comparison of seismic analysis methods applied to a historical church struck by 2009 L’Aquila earthquake." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 13, no. 12: 3749-3778.